Kuvandudza kwehupfumi pamwe nemaindasitiri mumaguta makuru kunokonzeresa matambudziko akanyanya ekushatisa mweya. Imwe yemhedzisiro mhedzisiro yekusungirirwa kwemagreenhouse gasi muguta iri photochemical utsi. Izvo zvine chekuita nekusviba kwemhepo kunokanganisa hutano hwedu nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemagasi anokuvadza mumhepo yeguta.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve photochemical smog, hunhu hwayo, kuti inobata sei hutano uye kuti ungaderedze sei.
Chii chinonzi photochemical smog uye inogadzirwa sei?
Chiutsi mhedzisiro yekushatiswa kwemhepo kwakanyanya, kunyanya utsi hunopfuta marasha, kunyangwe zvichikonzerwawo nemweya unoburitswa nemhepo kubva kumaindasitiri kana mafekitori nemotokari. Mune mamwe mazwi, chiutsi rudzi rwegore rinokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nekuti rakafanana negore rakasviba. Izwi reChirungu rinoda kuita jee kupa iyi mhute zita remadunhurirwa. Iyo inozivikanwa seutsi (utsi) uye mhute (mhute).
Zvinonyanya kusvibisa zvinogadzira utsi ndeye nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), nitroacetyl peroxide (PAN), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Iwo ma organic makomputa akasanganiswa zvine huni uye mamwe haana kupiswa, asi mwenje mahydrocarbon anoburitswa nemota sezvandambotaura.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha izuva, nekuti inogadzira mahara radicals, ayo inotanga maitiro emakemikari anoumba gore iri. Dzimwe nguva iranjisi nekuda kweNO2, asi zvakajairika kuti ive grey. Imwe yemienzaniso yakasarudzika idenga reChina kana Japan.
Iko kuunganidzwa kweiyo yambotaurwa gasi ndicho chikonzero chekuumbwa kwehutsi-senge "makore". Kana yasangana nemhepo yakakwira, mweya wakamira unoita mhute pane madonhwe emvura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kune chepfu chepfu. Iyi ndiyo inonzi photochemical smog. Inogona zvakare kutora fomu yemvura inonaya uye mhute.
Zvakaipa zvinokanganisa nharaunda
Kunze kwekukanganisa kwakanyanya pamamiriro epasi, pane zvakawanda zvinokanganisa nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, inoshandura chimiro chese dhizeti pachayo, sekushatisa kuri mumhepo zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana kunogadzira kukura kweiyo ecosystem. Izvo zvakare zvinoderedza zvinoshamisa kuoneka. Kana isu tiri muguta rine yakawanda yeemakemikari eputi chiono chinogona kudzikisirwa kusvika kungori gumi emamita. Iko kuderedzwa kwekuonekwa hakusi kungotenderera chete, asi zvakare kwakamira, uye denga harigone kuoneka.
Kana chiitiko ichi chiripo chakawandisa chinokonzeresa kuti kusave nemakore kana kujeka kwedenga. Iko hakuna zvakare husina nyeredzi husiku. Unongoona chifukidziro chine yero, chakacheneruka orenji patiri. Ramba uchifunga kuti imwe yemhedzisiro inokanganisa nharaunda ndidzo shanduko mumamiriro ekunze enzvimbo senge shanduko muhutongi hwekunaya uye kuwedzera kupisa. Uku kuwedzera kwetembiricha kunouya kubva mukudzokororwa kwemazuva ezuva kubva pamusoro pegasi uye kudzokera kumusoro. Inoita kunge magreenhouse magasi ayo anokwenya ultraviolet radiation.
Kune rimwe divi, kunaya kunoshandurwa sezvo zvinosvibisa uye zvidimbu mukumiswa kwekabhoni zvichikonzera kudzikira kwematanho emvura.
Hutano hwakashata mhedzisiro ye photochemical smog
Sezvinotarisirwa, chiitiko ichi chinosvibisa zvakare chine mhedzisiro yakaipa kuhutano hwevanhu. Ngatione kuti ndeipi mhedzisiro iyi:
- Vanhu vanogara mumaguta akasvibiswa kazhinji vanogumbuka kumeso avo uye nehurongwa hwekufema.
- Vana nevakwegura ndivo vanotambura zvakanyanya mukuwedzera kune vanhu vese vane matambudziko emapapu.
- Inogona kukonzera emphysema, asthma kana bronchitis uye chimwe chirwere chemoyo.
- Vanhu vane allergies vanogona kutonyanya nekuti nharaunda yakatakura zvakanyanya, yakanaka pamazuva ekunaya kuisa zvakasvibisa.
- Inogona kukonzera kupfupika kwemweya wekufema, huro, chikosoro, uye kudzikira kwemapapu kugona.
- Inokonzeresa kushomeka kweropa nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwecarbon monoxide inovhara kuchinjana kweoksijeni muropa nemapapu.
- Chekupedzisira, zvinogona kukonzeresa kukurumidza kufa.
Pakati pemaguta makuru epasirese ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusvibisa hwatinahwo London iyo yakatambura zvakanyanya munguva yakapfuura kubva ku photochemical smog. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzaivandudza mhando yemweya nekuda kwemitemo yakasiyana siyana nenzvimbo dzisina hutsi dzakagadzirwa. Nekuda kweizvi, mamwe maindasitiri akarambidzwa kushanda kungofanana nemotokari yakarambidzwa kupinda munzvimbo yedhorobha.
Los Angeles iriwo rimwe guta hombe rine kusvibiswa kwakakomba. Kuva kushushikana kwakakomberedzwa nemakomo zvinonyanya kuomera kuti magasi atize. Parizvino, hazvisi kuita zvakawanda kudzikisa kusvibiswa kwayo.
Deredza kusvibiswa
Nekuderedza kusvibiswa, hurumende nemakambani makuru vanofanirwa kubvumirana. Kune izvi isu tinofanira kutsigira vagari uye hunhu hwedu pachedu. Ichi chinosvibisa chiitiko chinogona kurwiswa zvachose zvakasikwa nekuda kwemvura uye nemhepo kuchenesa hupenyu hutsva uye kushora zvakapoteredzwa. Iwe unongofanirwa kudzora kusvibiswa kuitira kuti mhepo igone kucheneswa. Kazhinji kune kusvibiswa kwakawanda munzvimbo dzinenge dziine mhepo shoma pamwe nemvura shoma. Zvese izvi zvinoshandura kusvika padanho repamusoro rehutachiona.
Hurumende nemakambani makuru vanogona kuita sarudzo dzekudzora mweya unosvibisa sezvo mazhinji acho achigadzirwa nemafekitori uye zvinomera zvemaindasitiri. Chekupedzisira, vagari vanofanirwa kuita zvishoma vachishandisa mota shoma, vachitakura ruzhinji kana bhasikoro uye kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Pane zviratidziro zviri nyore muzuva redu kusvika nhasi sezvazviri kugadzira dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, minda yakatwasuka, kana kuenda kwese kwese uchishandisa zvifambiso zveveruzhinji izvo zvinogona kutibatsira zvakanyanya kudzora kusvibiswa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve utsi, hunhu uye mhedzisiro kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano.