Patinorwara zvekuti tinofanirwa kushandisa mishonga yakasiyana, mabviro echirwere ichi anowanzo kanganisika kuti anokonzerwa nehutachiona kana hutachiona. Kune akawanda mutsauko uripo pakati pehutachiona nemabhakitiriya izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakurapa zvakasiyana zviratidzo uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwakanyanya.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza kuti ndeupi mutsauko mukuru uripo pakati pemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya uye ndedzipi hosha huru.
Zvakawanda
Mavhairasi madiki pane mabhakitiriya uye ane mukana wakakura wekuchinja uye kutapuriranwa. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemhando mbiri idzi dzehutachiona zvinorapwa nenzira dzakasiyana kwazvo.
Kunyangwe hazvo zvishoma nezvishoma ruzivo rwuri kuzivikanwa, munyika mune kusahadzika kwakawanda kunotenderera nekona coronavirus. Pakati pemibvunzo yakawanda, nekuda kwekusaziva kana kusaziva, kazhinji muhuwandu mubvunzo unomuka wekuti coronavirus inogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Mhinduro ndeyokuti kwete: hapana hutachiona hunogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo inoshandiswa chete kurapa hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavirusi uye mabhakitiriya anorapwa nenzira dzakasiyana kwazvo nekuti hazviite nenzira imwechete mumuviri wavanokanganisa.
Mavirusi uye mabhakitiriya mashoma muhukuru, ari pane angangoita pese pese, uye ndiwo anokonzera hosha dzakawanda. Asi ivo havana kufanana.
Tsanangudzo yebhakitiriya uye hutachiona
Mabhakitiriya zvipenyu zvine sero rimwe uye zvinowana zvinovaka muviri kubva kunharaunda yavanogara. Zvinogona kukonzeresa matambudziko senge mhango, hutachiona hweweti, hutachiona nzeve, kana strep huro, kungo taura mashoma. Asi mabhakitiriya haawanzo kukonzera zvirwere: mamwe acho ane zvinobatsira, semuenzaniso, batsira kushanda kwese kwegadziriro yekugaya, Ivo vanobatsira kugadzirisa uye kuwana zvinovaka muviri kubva muchikafu uye kudzivirira hutachiona hunokuvadza kupinda. Dzimwe mhando dzehutachiona dzinotoshandiswa kugadzira mishonga inoponesa-hupenyu kana majekiseni.
Mavirusi madiki pane mabhakitiriya. Iwo haasi masero akazara: iwo anongova magene zvinhu zvakavharirwa mupuroteni layer. Vanoda mamwe maseru maseru kuti abereke, zvinoreva kuti havagone kuzviraramira vega kunze kwekunge vagara mune zvimwe zvipenyu (zvakaita sevanhu, zvinomera, kana mhuka).
Humwe hutachiona hunogona kuuraya hutachiona kana kurwisa hutachiona hunouraya. Iwo anonzi bacteriophages kana bacteriophages ("kumedza" muchiGreek): anotapura nekuparadza chaiwo mabhakitiriya ari pane mucous membranes yekugaya, kufema uye kubereka masisitimu.
Utachiona hunogona kurarama kunze kwemasero mapenyu kwenguva pfupi. Nekudaro, kana vachinge vapinda mumuviri wemunhu, vanowanda nekukurumidza uye vanogona kurwarisa vanhu. Zvinogona kukonzera zvimwe zvinyoro chirwere, senge dzihwa, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba, senge chibhokisi kana AIDS, inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV (HIV).
Ivo vane simba rakasimba rekuchinja, izvo hazvireve kuti ivo vanowedzera kuita hasha, asi avo majini zvinhu zvachinja, ndiko kuti, chimiro chehutachiona genome iri mukati mechikamu chinogona kuve DNA kana RNA. Mavhairasi anewo simba repamusoro rekupararira, achikonzera denda, apo chirwere chehosha chinopararira munyika zhinji.
Musiyano uripo pakati pemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya
Pane misiyano yakawanda pakati pemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya, sezvo isu tichizonyora uye neruzivo pazasi:
Size: utachiona hwakakura zvakapetwa ka100 pane hutachiona. Tichifunga nezvekuti mune ese ari maviri mamiriro, iwo asingaonekwe kune ziso remunhu uye anogona kungoonekwa chete neakakosha microscope. Hutachiona hunogona kuonekwa nemaziso microscope, nepo hutachiona hunogona kungowanikwa neelectron microscope, uchishandisa maelensi emagetsi.
Chimiro: kuumbwa kwehutachiona kuri nyore zvishoma, zvinosanganisira genomic RNA kana DNA zvikamu zvakaputirwa nemapuroteni jasi. Mukupesana, mabhakitiriya ane akaomesesa chimiro chemukati uye yavo maseru madziro ndiko kune cytoplasm, ribosomes, uye bhakitiriya genome.
Kubereka: Iri nderimwe dambudziko iro mavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya asingagovane. Hutachiona hunokwanisa kukura nekuzvara pachahwo. Mamwe mapoka anogona kugadzirwa kubva mumasero aya. Mavhairasi haana mukana wekukamurana pachawo, anoteedzana asingaperi uye anorwisa mamwe maseru kuti apfuure ruzivo rwavo. Dzinodzokorora, asi mumasero ekurarama anotapukira uye anokonzera chirwere.
Kuramba: Hutachiona huripo munenge munzvimbo dzese dzepasi uye mashandiro avo anoita kuti irambe kwazvo. Nechikonzero ichi, kusiyana nemavhairasi, ivo vanogona kurarama kwakanyanya tembiricha uye kurarama kwenguva refu kunze kwezvimwe zvipenyu. Chimwe chokwadi chinowedzera kushanda kwavo ndechekuti vanokwanisa kuwana chikafu kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvisikwa uye zvisikwa.
Kana ari mavhairasi, kazhinji, anogona kurarama kwemaawa kana kunyange mazuva, kunyanya pane yakaoma simbi isina tsvina kana nzvimbo dzeplastiki, asi nekufamba kwenguva, hutachiona hwavo hunodzikira nekuti hutachiona haugone kudzokorodza.
Kurapa: mutsauko mukuru pakati pemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haishande pakurwisa hutachiona, haigone kuiuraya, uye zvakare inoisa njodzi huru kuvarwere nekuda kwekumuka kwekushomeka kwebhakitiriya. Panguva imwecheteyo, mishonga yekudzivirira hutachiona yakagadziridzwa kurwisa mamwe mavhairasi.
Kana sosi yechirwere ichi iri mabhakitiriya uye maantibhakitiriya akakwana aripo, kurapwa kwakachipa uye, kana chirongwa chekurapa chapera, chinowanzo dzokera kuchimiro mukati memazuva mashoma kana vhiki. Kana mabviro echirwere ari hutachiona, mamiriro acho anenge akaomarara nekuti hapana chiyero chakaenzana chemushonga wehutachiona mune zvese huwandu uye hunyanzvi.
Nekudaro, vashandi vezvehutano vakatarisana nehutano hwekurapa hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona uye hutachiona hunokonzerwa nemavhairasi. Aya mavhairasi haana kuita sepathogenic, asi hapana mishonga inoshanda. Naizvozvo, anoshandiswa kune vanhu vakura vane immune system isina kusimba kuti vaone kana hutachiona hwakakomba zvakanyanya kana hwapfuura murwere.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pehutachiona uye hutachiona.