Mitemo ye thermodynamics

Chokwadi wakambonzwa pfungwa ye mitemo ye thermodynamics. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nemisimboti ye thermodynamics. Izvi zvinoreva mafomu epakutanga ebazi refizikisi. Zvinoita sekunge ndiye baba vedu maererano nehwaro hwezvose. Iwo seti yemafomula mamiriro ayo ane basa rekutsanangudza maitiro eaya anonzi thermodynamic masystem. Aya masisitimu chikamu chechadenga chakaparadzaniswa nenzira yehungwaru yekugona kuita zvidzidzo nekunzwisisa zvese zvine chekuita nefizikiki yakakosha senge tembiricha, simba uye entropy.

Muchikamu chino ticha tsanangura zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyo mitemo ye thermodynamics.

Mitemo ye thermodynamics

Kune mitemo mina ye thermodynamics uye yakanyorwa kubva pa zero kusvika pamapoinzi matatu, mitemo iyi inoshanda kuti inzwisise mitemo yese yepanyika pamwe nekusagona kwezvimwe zviitiko zvinoonekwa munyika medu.

Iyi mitemo ine zvakasiyana kana mavambo. Mamwe akaumbwa kubva kune apfuura. Mutemo wekupedzisira unozivikanwa we thermodynamics ndiwo mutemo zero. Iyi mitemo ndeyekusingaperi muzvidzidzo zvese nekutsvaga kunoitwa mumarabhoritari. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro edu muchadenga. Tiri kuzotsanangura imwe neimwe kuti mitemo ye thermodynamics chii.

Kutanga Mutemo weThermodynamics

Mutemo uyu unodaro simba harigone kugadzirwa kana kuparadzwa, asi kungoshandurwa chete. Izvi zvinozivikanwawo semutemo wekuchengetedza simba. Izvo zviri kuratidza kuti mune chero yemuviri system yakasarudzika kubva kunharaunda yayo, simba mune rese huwandu hwayo richagara rakafanana. Kunyangwe simba richishandurwa neimwe nzira kana imwe kuita mamwe marudzi esimba, huwandu hwesimba iri hunogara hwakafanana.

Tichaisa muenzaniso kuti tinzwisise zviri nani. Tichiteera musimboti uyu, kana tikapa huwandu hwesimba hwakapihwa muchimiro chekupisa kune chimiro chemuviri, huwandu hwesimba hunogona kuverengerwa nekuwana mutsauko pakati pekuwedzera kwesimba rayo remukati pamwe nebasa rakaitwa nehurongwa mune zvakapoteredzwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, musiyano uripo pakati pesimba rine system panguva iyoyo uye nebasa rayakaita ichave iri simba rekupisa iro rinoburitswa. Zvisinei, Kana tikawedzera simba rese rehurongwa, kunyangwe chikamu chayo chashandurwa kunge kupisa, huwandu hwesimba rehurongwa hwakafanana.

Mutemo wechipiri we thermodynamics

Uyu mutemo unotaura zvinotevera: yakapihwa nguva yakaringana, masystem ese anozopedzisira ave ekusaenzana. Iyi nheyo inozivikanwawo nezita remutemo we entropy. Inogona kupfupikiswa seinotevera. Huwandu hwe entropy huripo mune zvese zvakasikwa hunowedzera kuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Iyo entropy yesystem ndiyo inoyera huwandu hwayo hwekusagadzikana. Ndokunge, mutemo wechipiri we thermodynamics urikutiudza kuti mwero wekusagadzikana kwesystem inowedzera kana vachinge vasvika padanho rekuenzana. Izvi kana zvinoreva kuti kana isu tikapa yakaringana nguva kune system inozopedzisira iine kusaenzana.

Uyu ndiwo mutemo unoona nezve kutsanangura kusadzokororwa kwezvimwe zviitiko zvemuviri. Semuyenzaniso, inotibatsira kutsanangura kuti nei bepa rakapisa bepa risingakwanise kudzokera pachimiro charo chepakutanga. Mune ino sisitimu inozivikanwa sepepa uye moto, kusagadzikana kwakawedzera kusvika padanho rekuti hazvigoneke kudzokera kwayakabva. Uyu mutemo unounza iyo entropy mamiriro basa, ayo mune mamiriro epanyama masisitimu ane basa rekumiririra mwero wekusagadzikana uye kurasikirwa kwawo kusingadzivisike kwesimba.

Zvese izvi zvinoshanda ne entropy, ichibatanidza mwero wesimba risingakwanise kushandiswa nehurongwa uye nekudaro rakarasika kune nharaunda. Izvi zvinoitika kana chiri shanduko muyakaenzana mamiriro. Iyo yekupedzisira degree of equilibrium ichave iine yakawanda entropy kupfuura yekutanga. Uyu mutemo unotaura kuti shanduko mu entropy ichagara yakaenzana kana yakakura kupfuura kupisa kupisa kwakakamurwa nekushisa kweiyo system. Kupisa mune ino kesi kwakakosha kusiyanisa kutsanangura iyo entropy yeiyo system.

Kuti tinzwisise chirevo chechipiri che thermodynamics tiri kuzopa muenzaniso. Kana tikapisa imwe nhanho yenyaya uye isu tikaisa bhora pamwe chete nemhedzisiro yacho madota, tinogona kuona kuti pane zvishoma nyaya pane yepakutanga mamiriro. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nyaya yave magasi asingakwanise kuwanikwazve uye anotungamira mukupararira uye kusagadzikana. Aya ndiwo maonere atinoona kuti mudunhu rekutanga paive neinenge entropy kupfuura yenyika mbiri.

Mutemo wechitatu we thermodynamics

Uyu mutemo unotaura zvinotevera: kana uchinge wasvika pamhedzisiro zero maitiro emamiriro epanyama anomira. Zero chaiyo ndiyo tembiricha yakadzika kwazvo yatinogona kuve tiri. Mune ino kesi, isu tinoyera tembiricha mumadhigiri Kelvin. Nenzira iyi, zvinotaurwa kuti tembiricha uye kutonhora zvinoita kuti entropy yesystem iendeswe kune yakakwana zero. Muzviitiko izvi inobatwa zvakanyanya seyakajeka nguva dzose. Kana mhedzisiro zero yasvika, maitiro ehurongwa hwepanyama anomira. Naizvozvo, iyo entropy ichave iine hushoma asi inogara iri kukosha.

Kusvika mhedzisiro zero kana kwete zviri nyore. Iko kukosha kwemhedzisiro zero mu kelvin madigiri zero asi kana tikashandisa mu Celsius tembiricha yekuyera chiyero ndizvo -273.15 degrees.

Zero mutemo we thermodynamics

Mutemo uyu ndiwo wekupedzisira kumhanya uye unoverengwa seinotevera: kana A = C uye B = C, ipapo A = B. Izvi zvinogadzira zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvirevo zveimwe mimwe mitemo mitatu ye thermodynamics. Ndo izvo zvinofungidzirwa nezita remutemo weiyo thermal equilibrium. Ndokunge, kana masisitimu ari muhutano hwekupisa zvakazvimiririra nemamwe masisitimu, iwo anofanirwa kunge ari mune yekushisa kuenzana pamwe neumwe neumwe. Mutemo uyu unobvumidza mutemo we tembiricha kuti uve wakasimbiswa. Iyi nheyo inoshanda kuenzanisa simba rekupisa remiviri miviri yakasiyana inowanikwa mune yekushisa kuenzana nemumwe. Kana miviri miviri iyi iine huni hwekupisa, zvinenge zvisina basa patembiricha imwechete. Kana, kune rimwe divi, ese ari maviri achichinja iwo Thermal balance nechetatu system, ivo vanozovewo pakati pavo.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemitemo yethermodynamics.