Michael Faraday Aive musayendisiti weBritain weakakurumbira muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Akazvarwa mumhuri inozvininipisa uye akakwanisa kuwana dzidzo yekutanga kuti adzidzise mushure mepasainzi. Aifanirwa kushanda achiri mudiki semupepanhau anounza mukomana kuti abhadhare zvidzidzo zvake. Akave ari mumwe wemasayendisiti avo vakapa kufambira mberi kwakawanda mumakemikari uye fizikisi.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe hwese hwenyaya uye zvakaitwa naMichael Faraday.
Nhoroondo yaMichael Faraday
Izvo ndezve murume aifanira kushanda achiri mudiki semurume anounza pepanhau kuti abhadhare zvidzidzo zvake. Aingova nemakore gumi nemana chete, aive atove nechitoro chemabhuku kwaaishanda. Apa ndipo paakave nemukana wekuona zvimwe zvinyorwa zvesainzi zvakamukurudzira kuti aite miedzo yake yekutanga. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti pasati pave nesainzi mupiro, saka zvaive nyore kwazvo kuzvipira kuzvikamu zvakasiyana zvesainzi. Nekudaro, parizvino, hunyanzvi hunodiwa sezvo iro ruzivo ruripo mune chero bazi rebazi resaenzi rakakura zvekuti unogona kutsaurira hupenyu hwako hwese kuchikamu chidiki ichi chesainzi.
Semuenzaniso, munguva dzekare taigona kuona iye munhu mumwe chete iyeye vanogona kuve geologist, biologist, botanist uye chemist panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kuve zvakadaro sezvo pasati pave neruzivo rwushoma mune yega yega yebazi resainzi. Nhasi, kune ruzivo rwakawanda uye zvakawandisa zvekuita zvekuti botanist inofanirwa kuve nyanzvi mubazi remukati mukati mebhotani uye inogona kutsaurira hupenyu hwayo hwese kwariri.
Mushure mekuenda kuhurukuro dzakasiyana siyana nezve chemistry, akakwanisa kukumbira Humphry Davy kuti vamugamuchire semubatsiri murabhoritari yake. Kana mumwe wevabatsiri vake akasiya basa, murume uyu akaripa Faraday. Ipapo ndipo paakazokundikana mumunda wemakemikari. Zvimwe zvakawanikwa naMichael Faraday ibenzene uye yekutanga kuzivikanwa organic yekutsiva maitiro. Mune aya muswe kugadzirisa, tora chlorine kabhoni macheni macomputer kubva ethylene. Kare kumashure uku kwaive kuwanikwa kukuru.
Panguva ino tinoona kuti musayendisiti Hans Christian Oersted akawana magineti emagetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi. Kutenda kune izvi zviedzo, Michael Faraday akakwanisa kugadzira yekutanga inozivikanwa mota yemagetsi. Pakutanga kwa1831 akashanda naCharles Wheatstone uye akaongorora zviitiko zvemagetsi emagetsi induction. Pakangotanga izvi zvidzidzo, Faraday nyanzvi mumunda we electromagnetism. Akakwanisa kuona kuti magineti inofamba nepaseiri ndiyo inokonzeresa magetsi. Izvi zvakatitendera kunyora mutemo unotonga kugadzirwa kwemagetsi nemagineti.
Sayenzi Zvidzidzo zvaMichael Faraday
Kumwe kwekuyedza kwaakakwanisa kuita kwaive kumwe kuyedzwa kwemagetsi. Izvi zviedzo zvakamubvumidza kuti ataure zvakananga nyaya kumagetsi. Akanyatsocherechedza kuti munyu urimo musero remagetsi rinowiswa sei kana magetsi achipfuura. Nekuda kweichi chiedzwa, akakwanisa kuona kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaiswa zvakaringana zvakaenzana neiyo magetsi emagetsi arikutenderera. Yezve magetsi emagetsi, zviyero zvakasiyana zvezvinhu zvakaiswa zvakanangana zvakananga nechero yavo yemakemikari zvakaenzana.
Zvakawanikwa zvaMichael Faraday zvakagadzirisa zvekusimudzira kemesitiri. Uye ndezvekuti aive nemiedzo yakawanda uye zvidzidzo zvemagetsi emagetsi. Aya ndiwo mamwe mabhenefiti akazoitika kuzviongororwa izvi zvatakaona zvakanyatsojeka mukuvandudza kwefizikisi Imwe yedzidzo yakadaro yaive yemagetsi magetsi dzidziso dzidziso yakatangwa naJames Clerk Maxwell. Iyi dzidziso yaive yakavakirwa pabasa rekupayona iro rakaitwa naMichael Faraday.
Kuwanika
Pakati pezvakawanikwa uye mipiro yesainzi kuvepo kwe diamagnetism. Akakwanisa kuongorora kuti magnetic field ine masimba ekutenderera ndege yechiedza chinopenya chinopfuura nemamwe marudzi egirazi. Mhedzisiro yeFaraday yakawanikwa muna 1845. Izvi hazvisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekutsauka kwendege yekuparadzanisa kwechiedza semhedzisiro yemagineti inopfuura neyakajeka zvinhu.
Makore gare gare akakwanisa kunyora pamusoro pekumanikidza kwemakemikari, ongororo yekuedza magetsi uye ongororo yekuedza mufizikisi uye kemesitiri.
Kuwana kwake kwekutanga nezve electromagnetism kwakaitika muna 1821. Nekudzokorora kuyedza kwaOersted netsono yemagineti munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakakomberedza waya mhenyu. Nekuda kwekuyedza uku, akakwanisa kufungidzira kuti shinda yakanga yakakomberedzwa nemutsara usinga peri wemitsetse ine denderedzwa uye yakatarisana simba. Isu tinoziva kuti yese iyi seti yemitsetse yesimba ndiyo iyo magnetic shamba iyo inogadzirwa pamwe nemagetsi magetsi. Kupedzwa kwakaunzwa zvakare naMichael Faraday.
Akaona kuti kana magetsi achipfuura nepapoiri, imwe nguva yepfupi inogadzirwa mune imwe coil iri padhuze. Uku kuwanikwa yakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha mukufambira mberi kwesainzi uye nzangawo zvavo. Uye ndeyekuti nhasi uno unoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi padanho hombe mumagetsi emagetsi. Izvo zvinoshamisa zvakare zvinotinongedzera kune chimwe chinhu chitsva nezve magetsi nemagineti minda. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Michael Faraday aive baba veinjiniya yemagetsi.
Makore apfuura
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akasiya dzidziso yemagetsi nemagineti emvura kuti atsanangure magetsi nemagineti uye akaunza pfungwa dzemunda uye nemunda mitsara. Idzi pfungwa dzakashanda kugona kutsanangura magetsi nemagineti uye ivo vakauya kuzobva kurondedzero yehunyanzvi yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Uku kubatanidzwa kwemifungo mitsva kwakatsanangurwa naAlbert Einstein sekuchinja kukuru mufizikiki. Nekudaro, ivo vaifanira kumirira makore akati wandei kusvikira dzidziso dzese dzinoonekwa dzichitaridzwa zvakafanana. Uye ndeyekuti iyo Faraday munda mitsara yaifanira kumirira makore mashoma kuti igamuchirwe zvine mutsindo nenzanga yesainzi.
Sezvatakamboreva, chimwe chezvinhu izvo Faraday akakwanisa kuwana, kunyange zvisinganyatso kuzivikanwa, Iko kukanganisa kwesimba remagineti pane yakapenya mwenje danda. Ichi chiitiko chinozivikanwa seye Faraday mhedzisiro. Pakupedzisira, akafa munaAugust 25, 1867 muLondon.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaMichael Faraday uye nemipiro yake kune sainzi.