Mumusika tinogona kuwana zvakasiyana mhando dzemabhatiri zvinoenderana nehunhu hwayo uye chishandiso chatiri kuzopa icho. Isu tinoziva kuti mabhatiri hapana chimwe kunze kwemavoltaic maseru ayo anopa vatengi mukana wekutakura simba remagetsi navo chero kupi, chero mamiriro ezvinhu paanobvumira.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri aripo, hunhu uye mashandisiro awo.
Mhando huru
Ngatione kuti ndeapi makuru maitiro emabhatiri. Kazhinji, mabhatiri anogona kuwanikwa ari ega, kunyangwe iwo ariwo akabatanidzwa pamwe chete zvese zviri zviviri zvakateedzana uye zvakafanana. Iyi seti yemabhatiri mushe kuti ive yakafanana nebhatiri. Izwi rekuti bhatiri sero rinowanzo shandiswa zvisina tsarukano, kunyangwe hazvo zvakafanana. Chete, ruzhinji rwemitsara harugone kudzoreredzwa kubva panguva mabhatiri anogona.
Mastacks anokwanisa kuuya nemavara asingaverengeke, maumbirwo, uye saizi sezvaanogona kugadzirwa nechero chinhu kana chimwewo chinhu. Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha muhupenyu chimiro chemukati, ndipo panogadziriswa makemikari anoitisa magetsi. Aya marudzi echimiro chemukati ndeaya anoshanda kusiyanisa imwe kubva kune imwe. Semuenzaniso, pakati pemabhatiri akajairika atinoshandisa mabhatiri ealkaline. Iyo yekupedzisira alkaline inoreva kune yepakati uko kusunungurwa uye kuyerera kwemaerekitironi kunoitika. Svikiro iri rakakosha, ndiko kuti, ine pH yakakura kudarika nomwe uye inotungamirwa nema anion uye nezvimwe zvikanganiso zvisina kunaka.
Kupatsanura kwemhando dzebhatiri
Tichaona kuti ndedzipi dzakasiyana mhando dzemabhatiri zvichienderana nekushandisa kwavo uye nehunhu hwavo. Tichave tichiziva mamiriro ezvinhu ayo akaverengerwa pasi rose semapuru ekutanga uye echipiri masaga.
Mabhatiri ekutanga
Mhando iyi ndeiya iyo, kana yadyiwa, inofanirwa kuraswa kana kudzokororwazve. Uye iyo ndiyo iyo yemakemikari maitiro pane izvo inotsigira magetsi aya haachinjiki zvachose. Izvi zvinoita kuti bhatiri risakwanise kudzoreredza. Ivo anonyanya kushandiswa mukushandisa uko zvisingaite kudzoreredza magetsi magetsi. Semuenzaniso, isu tine zvigadzirwa zvechiuto pakati pehondo. Zvakare, zvakagadzirirwa michina isingapedze simba rakawanda, kuti igare kwenguva refu. Mumwe muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwemabhatiri ekutanga ndeyekutonga kure uye zvinotakurika zvinonyaradza.
Alkaline mabhatiri ndewemhando yemabhatiri ekutanga. Iwo akajairika iwo ane maumbirwo echitenderera, kunyangwe zvisingareve kuti iwo anogona zvakare kuve echipiri kana recharge.
Sekondari mabhatiri
Kusiyana nemaprimari, mhando iyi inogona kudzoreredzwa kana vachinge vapera simba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maitiro emakemikari anoitika mukati mavo anodzoserwa zvachose. Imwe magetsi inogona kuiswa kwavari kuti vatorezve mhando yechigadzirwa iyo inoshandura inogadzirisazve. Nenzira iyi makemikari maitiro anotanga.
Mamwe mabhatiri echipiri anozivikanwa semabhatiri uye anowanzo kuve mashoma muhukuru. Zvisinei, zvakagadzirirwa zvishandiso zvinoshandisa simba rakawanda uye iko kushandiswa kwemabhatiri ekutanga kungave kusingabatsiri uye kwakachengetedza. Semuenzaniso, mabhatiri enharembozha ane uye echipiri. Iwo anowanzo gadzirirwa emidziyo mikuru kana maseketi akadai semabhatiri emota ayo anoumbwa nemabhatiri akati wandei kana maseru e voltaic.
Chinhu chakasarudzika ndechekuti idzi dzinenge dzichidhura kupfuura ma primaries, asi kwenguva yakareba vanozopedzisira vava sarudzo yakakodzera uye inoshanda.
Zvimwe zvinhu
Kunyangwe mabhatiri ekutanga kana echipiri akarongedzwa zvinoenderana nechimiro chavanacho. Iyo cylindrical, rectangular kana bhatani kana yakarongedzwa zvichienderana nechishandiso chavakagadzirirwa. Pano tinowana makamera, mota, macalculator, nezvimwe. Chimwe chiitiko imhepo. Iwo anotangira kubva ku1.2 kusvika gumi nemaviri volts uye sehupenyu hwavo hunobatsira uye mitengo inotsanangurwa muzvinhu zvakasiyana.
Mhando dzebhatiri
Ngatione kuti ndeupi runyorwa rwemhando dzemabhatiri aripo:
- Carbon-zinc mabhatiri: Ndidzo dzechinyakare uye pari zvino dziri kutarisirwa kunge dzisingashandiswi zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi. Zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri ealkaline, vane mutengo wakaderera, asi ipfupi nguva yehupenyu uye yakaderera magetsi. Izvo zvinoumbwa ne zinc uye girafu graphite.
- Alkaline mabhatiri: Ivo vakafanana chaizvo neakambodarika, nemusiyano wekuti svikiro uko maelekitirodhi aripo ane OH- anions. 1 Vanowanzouya mumatanho akasiyana uye saizi, kunyangwe yakawanda iri 1.5 V. Ndivo vanozivikanwa kwazvo mumusika wese.
- Mercury mabhatiri: ndeavo anowanzo kanganiswa nebheteri yesirivha dioksayidi. Ivo vane hunhu chaihwo kune yavo yakasarudzika sirivheri bhatani chimiro. Izvo zvakare zvine alkaline asi mercury oxide inosanganisirwa mukuwedzera kune graphite uye manganese dioxide. Zvidiki zvidiki senge wachi, macalculator, matoyi ekudzora, nezvimwe zvinowanzoitirwa.
- Sirivha oxide: Chinhu chikuru chakakanganiswa nemabhatiri aya ndechekuti kana akaraswa anomiririra dambudziko rakakomba renharaunda. Uye ndeyekuti iyi simbi ine zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakanyanya. Sirivha oxide inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mercury asi iri shoma kusvibisa.
- Nickel-cadmium mabhatiri: Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwechipiri sero kana bhatiri. Kufanana nemekiyuri, zvinokuvadza kune nharaunda nekuda kwesimbi cadmium. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekugadzira yakakwira magetsi magetsi uye anogona kudzoreredzwa yakawanda nhamba yenguva. Vanogona kazhinji kudzoreredzwa kanokwana ka2000 nguva, izvo zvinopa iko kusimba kunoshamisa.
- Nickel-simbi hydride mabhatiri: Iyo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anopfuura aya apfuura musimba masimba. Inogona kutaridzika kazhinji mumakomichi esimbi akasungirirwa pabhatiri. Iine hunhu hwakafanana neyekare cadmium mabhatiri asi inosiyana zvakanyanya mune yayo yakaipa electrode. Iyo cathode haisi cadmium, asi inopindirana alloy yepasi isingawanzo uye shanduko simbi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri, mashandisiro awo uye nehunhu hwavo hukuru.