Kushatiswa kwemhepo ndicho chikonzero chevakawanda vafa nezvirwere zviri kuwedzera gore rega rega. Mumaguta makuru akafanana Madrid, Barcelona uye Valladolid kune mazuva ekurambidzwa mumigwagwa gore rega rega kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemweya kusvibiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, izvi zvinowedzerwa nekushaikwa kwemvura inonaya.
Ndezvipi zvinokonzereswa nekusvibiswa kwemweya mumaguta makuru?
Kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa
Gore ndere dzinenge zviuru zviviri nemazana manomwe vakafa izvo zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwemweya, mukuwedzera kune zvinowedzera zvirwere zvekufema senge asthma. Kuderedza aya mamiriro ekuvapo kukuru kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa mudenga, zvakaitwa mukati ma2017 anopfuura mazuva makumi matatu emitemo yemigwagwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pakati nepakati, apo traffic yakawanda.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anosvibisa mumaguta makuru anowedzerwa nekushaikwa kwemvura inonaya. Mvura ndiyo nzira huru yekuparadzira mweya. Mhepo iyi zvakare chimwe chombo chinotibatsira kubvisa chikamu chemazana ezvisanganiswa.
Dambudziko rekusvibisa rave rimwe rematambudziko makuru muMadrid, uko mugore ra2017, kwave kuine zvinopfuura makumi maviri nezvikamu zveyakanyanya kusvibiswa uko iyo nitrogen dioxide mazinga aive pamusoro pematanho akakurudzirwa ehutano hwevanhu.
Mugore rese rino, maguta eLa Coruña, Santander, Seville, Valencia, Zaragoza, Granada, Huelva, Lérida, Murcia, Puertollano (Ciudad Real) zvakare yakapfuura muganho wezvimedu zvakamiswa - zvakagadzwa pamakumi mashanu emakirogiramu pamamita cubic. Uye Talavera de la Reina (Toledo).
Munguva yemwedzi waMbudzi, kusvibiswa kwakawedzerawo mumaguta akaita seSeville, Zaragoza, Guadalajara, Salamanca neGetafe, uko mwero wedhabhoni dhayokisaidhi wakakwira.
Kurambidzwa kwemigwagwa
Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu, chete Madrid neValladolid ndivo vakashandisa masisitimu ekudzivirira traffic kurwisa kusvibiswa.
Kanzuru yeguta reMadrid yakagadzirisa zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zvinorwisa kusvibiswa. Vamwe vanodzora kumhanya kwekutenderera paM-30 napamasuo eguta nevamwe ivo vanowedzera kurambidzwa kupaka Kunze kwekumwe kusarudzika senge ivo vagari venzvimbo idzi.
Zvinosvibisa mweya kuburikidza nemapombi ekudzimisa mota zvinowedzera sezvo kumhanya kuri kudzikira, ndiko kuti, munzvimbo dzaunoyedza kupaka, zvinogona kutungamira mukumira kwemotokari uye nekuenderera kwegesi.
Kunyangwe ichifanirwa kutaurwa kuti mamiriro haana kunge akakurisa zvekuti kuita chikamu chechitatu umo kutenderera kunofanirwa kuchinjaniswa. Izvi zvinoedza kudzora kutenderera nemazuva yeavo vakaenzana uye asinganzwisisike mahwendefa. Alert phase 3 yekusvibiswa ndeye iyo inoganhurira yakazara traffic yemotokari kusvika ku50%.
Panyaya yeValladolid, mubatanidzwa wemasipareti wairambidza kutyaira nepakati peguta uye nekumhanyisa kumhanya munzvimbo yayo yenhoroondo.
Mumaguta akawanda akavakirwa mumaguta, zvirevo zvinopesana nezvakawanda zvehutachiona zvatanga kuwedzera. Mazhinji emaguta akanganiswa nekusvibiswa anoramba kuti asvika nenjodzi dzakasvinura kana kuvimbisa kuti kwave kungove nenhongonya shomanene.
Zvinokonzera kusvibiswa
Mhepo dzinounza kusvibiswa dzinotanga kubva pakupisa mudzimba, kurima, tsvina, maindasitiri uye kutakura. European Environment Agency inonongedzera kuti traffic yemumigwagwa ndiyo imwe yeanoburitsa zvikuru kusvibiswa muEurope yose. Mune ino mamiriro, kuderedzwa kwakanyanya mukushandisa kwemotokari kunokurudzirwa.
Chirevo cheNational Chikoro cheHutano chinotora data kubva kumatunhu ese eSpain panguva iyo nguva 2000/2009 manhamba mune 2.683 kufa nguva isati yakwana zvakakonzerwa muSpain nekusvibiswa kwezvimedu mukumiswa.
Sezvauri kuona, kusvibiswa kwemweya kuri kuwedzera uye tiri kushandura mhepo yedu kuita chimwe chinhu chisingarapike umo zvirwere zvinowedzera.