Sezvo isu tichiziva, muSpain isu tine musanganiswa wesimba kusangana nezvinodiwa munyika yese. Iyo magetsi muSpain Ivo vane kwakatangira kwakasiyana uye vakapatsanurwa kuita anovandudzwa uye asiri matsimba emagetsi. Nesimba rekutanga isu tinonzwisisa pano sezvo iri mune sosi kwazvinobva uye simba rekupedzisira ndiro iro rinoshandiswa munzvimbo yekuenda.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvesimba magetsi kuSpain uye nezvavanoshandisa zvakasiyana.
Simba masosi kuSpain
Kusvika parizvino, oiri ndiyo sosi huru yesimba risingadzorerwe simba muSpain. Uye ndeyekuti mafuta anoshandiswa kugutsa makumi mana nezviviri kubva muzana zvezvose zvinodiwa munyika. Mune anotevera matsimba emagetsi matsva tinowana gasi rechisikigo, simba renyukireya uye marasha. Iwo mamwe masimba anopihwa nemagetsi anowedzerwazve. Munhoroondo yese yazvino, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuona kuti, kubva padambudziko rehupfumi rakakanganisa Spain kunyanya pakati pa2008 na2014, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa kwakaratidzirwa.
Petroleum Zvigadzirwa
Tichaona magadzirirwo esimba kuSpain uye mashandiro avanoita nekuremekedza zvigadzirwa zvepeturu. Kuburikidza nemafuta ekuchenesa maitiro, zvinotevera zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa: yakavhenganiswa peturu peturu (LPG), naphtha, peturu, ethylene, propylene, parafini, dhiziri, mafuta emafuta, namo, coke uye mafuta ekuzora.
LPG (butane uye propane) ndicho chinhu chekutanga chakatorwa kubva ku petroleum ne distillation. Ivo anoshandiswa sehuni yekubika, inopisa mvura uye kudziyisa. Naphtha ndicho chinhu chikuru chezvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita peturu uye zvinonyungudutsa, uye zvakare iri mbishi zvinhu zve ethylene uye propylene. Peturu inoshandiswa semafuta emota.
Ethylene uye propylene mahydrocarbon anoshandiswa mukugadzira mapurasitiki, resin, zvinonyungudutsa, ketoni uye zvigadzirwa. Kerosene chidimbu chepakati-density icho chinoshandiswa semafuta ekufambisa ndege uye, mushure mekuenderera mberi kugadzirisa, inoshandiswa seye solvent kana kupisa mafuta. Diesel rinonatswa kuburikidza nemaitiro mazhinji uye rinoshandiswa mukati mota, zvekurima uye zvekuredza michina, magwa uye nemvumo mota uye mumidziyo yekupisa, pakati pevamwe. Kune rimwe divi, isu zvakare tine mafuta emafuta, inova inorema zvikuru mukomboni uye kushandiswa kwayo kukuru kwakafanana nemafuta emagetsi.
Chekupedzisira, muzvigadzirwa zve petroleum zvinoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana simba zviwanikwa kuSpain isu tine asphalt. Zviri nezve zvekuvakisa zvinoshandiswa mumigwagwa, makwara uye maseketi. Iyo inoshandiswawo semidziyo yekudzivirira mvura kumatenga nepasi.
Asinga-dzorerwe magetsi masosi kuSpain
Isu tinoramba tichinyora izvo zvisingawedzerwke simba masosi kuSpain ayo makuru mavambo acho peturu zvigadzirwa. Spain ine petroleum chigadzirwa chekuparadzira zvigadzirwa zvinoita kuti chive chiratidzo chenyika. Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos (CLH) inobatanidza zvigadziridzo zvisere papeninsula iyo inogadzira zvinobva mumafuta peturu kune network yayo kuburikidza nemakiromita 4.020 emapaipi emafuta, 40 nzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye makumi maviri neshanu nendege zvivakwa. Iyo pombi mbiri iri yeRapsol zvakare inobatanidza iyo Cartagena nePuertollano yekuchenesa.
Iyo Enagás zvivakwa netiweki inogonesa kushandiswa kwepasirese kwegasi rechisikigo. Iine zvinomwe zvinowedzerwazve zveLNG, mana ekuchengetera kwepasi, 19 ekumanikidza zviteshi, 11.000 km gasi wepombi pombi network uye nhanhatu kubatana kwepasi rese zvinobvumidza kuunzwa nekutengeswa kwenyika iyi. Kune zvakare kubatana kune peninsula uye neBalearic Islands.
Shanduko dzichangoburwa mukushandisa dzinoratidza dambudziko rehupfumi rakakanganisa nyika yedu kubva muna 2008 kusvika muna 2014. Mumakore maviri apfuura, peturu yekushandisa yakaderera kubva pamatani 6,3 kusvika pamatani emamiriyoni 4,6 uye dhiziri yakadonha kubva pamatani makumi matatu nematanhatu kusvika kumatoni makumi maviri nemasere, matani mamirioni mana. Muna 35,4, sekushandisa kuri kuwedzera, mamiriro akachinja.
Pazvinhu zvese zvine peturu, parafini ndiyo yakadzikira pakushandisa, nekuti mumakore achangopfuura Spain yakawana nguva yekukura mukushanya kwekunze uye nzira yayo huru yekufambisa kutakura nendege.
Dambudziko rekupa mune yekuvaka uye yeruzhinji mabasa chikamu chakakanganisa kugadzirwa kweasphalt. Liquefied petroleum gasi (butane uye propane) inoramba ichidyiwa nedzimba kana yekupisa munzvimbo dzisina gasi chairo.
Simba remagetsi reSpanish
Chikamu chekugadzira magetsi muSpain chinotsanangurwa sekumisikidzwa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzayo uye kusiyaniswa kwenzvimbo dzekugadzira nekuda kwekuunzwa gasi rechisimba uye simba rinowedzerwazve sezviwanikwa zvikuru kubvira pakutanga kwezana rino ramakore.
Iyo gwenya remagetsi iri mumabheseni ehova huru dzeSpain. Kuwanikwa kwemvura zvakare chinhu mukuvakwa kwemagetsi emagetsi uye magetsi enyukireya. Miti yemarasha yekutanga yaive mumabheseni emarasha epeninsular kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero uye mudunhu reTeruel, gare gare vakaiswa pamhenderekedzo. Mafuta emafuta akaita basa rakakosha uye akanyangarika kubva muIpeninsula, asi inzvimbo yekutanga kupa kuCeuta, Melilla neBalearic Islands.
Kuwanika kwenzvimbo dzakabatana dzemapaipi egasi kunotendera kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzakabatana dzemubatanidzwa muEbro Valley.Magetsi emagetsi enyukireya akaiswa munzvimbo dziri padyo nenzvimbo huru dzekushandisa. Nenzira iyi, simba rekutakura ishoma.
Maumbirwo ezvemagetsi epagore kubva pasimba rinowanikwazve rinowanzo shanduka nekuti rinokanganiswa nemvura nemhepo. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro muna 2015: simba remhepo (51,4%), hydraulic simba (29,7%), photovoltaic solar energy (8,4%), thermal solar energy (5,5%) uye mamwe matsimba emagetsi anovandudzwa (5%). Iyo Red Eléctrica de España inoparadzira kugadzirwa kwemasimba makuru emagetsi muSpain kumatunhu ekushandisa kuburikidza netiweki yemitsetse yepamusoro inofukidza iyo Spain yese nehurefu hwakazara hwemakiromita 43.660.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve simba masosi kuSpain uye maitiro avo.