Zvidyarwa zveHydroelectric zvinoganhurirwa nehunhu uye hunhu hwematunhu avo. Paunenge uchitanga iyi mhando yekuisa, inofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti iyo topography yenyika inosarudza kusarudzwa kwemabasa ehurumende nemichina. Kune akasiyana marudzi ezvidyarwa zvehydroelectric zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye nzira yekugadzira simba re hydraulic.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye maitiro avo.
Hydroelectric magetsi chiteshi
Patinotanga kugadzira gwenya remagetsi emvura, tinoda kukwanisa kugadzira simba kubva mumvura inochengeterwa mudziva. Chinhu chekutanga kuita kugadzira simba remagetsi uye kurishandura kuita simba remagetsi.
Chinangwa chekubata system ndiko kugadzira mutsetse unoburitsa simba rinokwanisa kuchengetwa. Mvura inoyerera ichidzika kuti iwane simba kuburikidza nemisiyano yegiravhiti. Sezvo mvura ichipfuura nepakati peturbine, inogadzira kutenderera kunopa simba kumusoro kwealternator, kushandura magetsi emagetsi kuita magetsi.
Hunhu hwechirimwa chehydroelectric hunopfuura nepakati pezvikamu zvinouumba. Kutanga nedhamu, ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha zvikuru sezvo richiona nezvekuchengetedza mvura mudhamu. Mutangi iri mune mafashama inobvumira kusefa mvura yakawandisa pasina kupfuura nepakati peturbine.
Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha muchirimwa chehydroelectric ndiyo inoparadza simba, iyo inodzivirira kuwandisa kwemvura kubva mukukuvadza kukuru kwenyika. Mvura inoshandiswa inogara ichipfuura nepakati pekabhini. Mukuwedzera kune nzvimbo yekutonga, kune turbines uye alternators. Turbines anoshandura mechanical simba kuita kinetic simba. Panguva imwecheteyo, alternator inoshandura iyi kinetic simba kuita magetsi.
Pakupedzisira, mapaipi ndiwo mapaipi anonangisa mvura kwainofanira kuenda. Izviwo, mavharuvhu ndiwo migero inodzora mafambiro emvura nepapombi idzi, ichidzivirira kuti mvura isapfachukire.
Mhando dze hydroelectric plant
Mukati mechikamu chechikamu ichi, kune marudzi akati wandei ezvidyarwa zvehydroelectric, izvo zvinoenderana nesimba ravainaro uye huwandu hwesimba remagetsi ravanogona kuunganidza. Naizvozvo, marudzi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anogona kuve:
- High power hydroelectric plant: zvidyarwa zvehydroelectric zvine simba rinopfuura 10MW
- Mini Hydroelectric Plants - Iwo hydroelectric zvidyarwa zvine simba riri pakati pe1MW ne10MW
- Micro Hydroelectric Zvidyarwa - Iwo mahydroelectric zvirimwa zvine simba risingasviki 1MW
Imwe shanduko inosarudza mhando yezvidyarwa zvehydroelectric ivhu ravari. Takawana zvinotevera:
- Inoenderera mberi ichiyerera hydroelectric zvidyarwa: Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemvura izvi hazvina nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mvura, saka zvinoda kuyerera kwerwizi rwakakwana kuti zvigadzire simba. Kukanganisa kwayo ndeyekuti haiburitse simba panguva yekusanaya kwemvura.
- Reservoir Hydroelectric Power Plant: muchiitiko ichi, dhamu inzvimbo yakagadzirwa yekuchengetera iyo yakawanda yemvura inokwira pamusoro pema turbines. Nezviyero zvakadaro, unogona kudzora huwandu hwemvura inopfuura mavari uye simba rinogadzirwa.
- Hydroelectric power station pazasi pedhamu: munyaya iyi, chikamu cherwizi kana dziva chinotorwa uye dhamu rinovakwa, richiisa turbines shure kwayo.
Kushanda kwemhando dzezvidyarwa zvehydroelectric
Isu tichaona imwe neimwe kushanda kwemhando dzemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi:
- Inoenderera mberi ichiyerera hydroelectric zvidyarwa: Uku ndiko kushandiswa uko chikamu chemvura yerwizi chinotsauswa kuburikidza nekutora uye kuitiswa kuburikidza nemugero kana pombi kuenda kuchigadzirwa chemagetsi uko maturbine anogadzirwa. Kana simba rawanikwa, mvura yakatsauswa inodzorerwa kurwizi.
- Pakati pazasi pedhamu: Pamusoro pemvura inonaya uye meltwater, zvinokwanisika zvakare kuvaka madhamu murwizi kuti uchengetedze mipiro yayo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekukwanisa kudzora kubuda kwemvura uye kumhanya turbine kana zvichidikanwa.
Kune mhando yekudiridza canal hydroelectric power station. Mhando mbiri dzemiti dzinosiyaniswa muboka iri:
- Avo vanotora mukana wekusaenzana kuripo mugero pacharo, kuisa penstocks, parallel kune canal road, kuendesa mvura kuchirimwa uye wozoidzosera kune yakajairika nzira yemugero.
- Idzo dzinotora mukana wekusaenzana pakati pemugero nerwizi rwuri pedyo. Chigadzirwa chacho chinoiswa pedyo nerwizi uye mvura yakawandisa inogadziriswa nema turbines mumugero.
Zvakanakira zvemagetsi emagetsi
Sezvauri kuona, izvi zvinounza mabhenefiti makuru kune huwandu hwevanhu uye kwete chete padanho remagetsi. Ngatiisei zvikomborero izvi kuti tizviongorore chimwe nechimwe:
- Isimba rinodzokororwa. Ndiko kuti, haipere nekufamba kwenguva sezvinogona kuita mafuta efossil. Mvura pachayo haina magumo, asi ichokwadi kuti zvisikwa zvinogara zvichitipa mvura. Neiyi nzira tinogona kupora ndokupfuurira kurishandisa semanyuko esimba.
- Kuve wakasikwa zvachose uye kuvandudzwa hakusvibise. Isimba rakachena.
- Sezvatakambotaura, hazvitibatsire chete mukuwanikwa kwesimba, asi zvakare zvinosanganiswa nezvimwe zviito zvakaita sekudzivirirwa kumafashama emvura, kudiridzira, kupihwa mvura, kugadzirwa kwemigwagwa, kushanya kana kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.
- Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, zvese zvekushandisa uye zvekugadzirisa mutengo wakaderera. Kana dhamu nehurongwa hwese hwekubata mvura zvavakwa, kugadzirisa hakuna kuoma zvachose.
- Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi ekushandisa simba, mabasa anoitwa kuti atore mukana werudzi urwu rwesimba ane hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira.
- Iyo turbine inoshandiswa kugadzira simba. Turbine iri nyore kushandisa, yakachengeteka uye inoshanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengo wekugadzira wakadzikira uye kuti unogona kutanga uye kumiswa nekukurumidza.
- Hazvidi kuti vashandi vasvinure, sezvo zviri nyore kuita.
Kungoti isimba rinodzokororwa uye rakachena rine mutengo wakaderera watoita kuti rive simba rekukwikwidza mumisika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve marudzi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye maitiro avo.