Magetsi chinhu chakasikwa chinogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi. Mubvunzo wekwakabva magetsi haisi nyore: kushandiswa sesimba, inofanira kufamba rwendo rurefu. Kune rimwe divi, kugona kwavo kugadzira uye chiyero chekushanda, ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemagetsi hwavanogona kuburitsa kubva mukushandurwa kwesimba rekutanga, zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa uye tekinoroji inoshandiswa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zvirimwa zvemagetsi zvichaenderana nesimba. MuSpain, chikuru marudzi emagetsi emagetsi Iwo anopisa, nyukireya, mumhepo uye solar photovoltaic.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi emagetsi aripo uye maitiro avo.
Mhando dzemagetsi emagetsi
Thermal power plant
Maturbine emiti iyi anotanga kufamba nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemajeti emhepo anowanikwa nekupisa mvura. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinopisa zvinogadzira magetsi nenzira dzakasiyana: pakati pavo kupisa
- Zvekare: Vanowana simba ravo kubva mukupisa mafuta efossil.
- Kubva kubiomass: Vanowana simba ravo kubva mukupisa masango, zvisaririra zvekurima kana zvirimwa zvinozivikanwa zvesimba.
- Kubva pakupisa tsvina yekanzuru: Vanowana simba nekupisa tsvina yakagadziriswa.
- mabhishi emagetsi enyukireya: Vanogadzira simba kuburikidza nefission reaction yemaatomu euranium. Ukuwo, zvidziya zvezuva zvinopisa mvura nokuisa simba rezuva uye, pakupedzisira, zvirimwa zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinotora mukana wokupisa kunobva mukati menyika.
mhepo yemagetsi plant
Sezvo mhepo ichishanda pamashizha eturbine, turbine yako inofamba. Kuti uite izvi, rotor ine mashizha akawanda akaiswa muchikamu chepamusoro cheshongwe, iyo inotarirwa munzira yemhepo. Vanotenderera vachitenderedza axis yakatwasuka inobata pajenareta. Kushanda kwayo kunogumira nekumhanya kwemhepo, uye mapurazi emhepo anoda nzvimbo huru dzevhu. MuSpain, kune rumwe rutivi, maawa ekushanda ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ari pakati pe20% ne30% yegore, kukosha kwakaderera kana kuenzaniswa nemagetsi emagetsi anopisa uye enyukireya, anosvika 93%.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti isimba rakachena uye kuiswa uku hakukonzerese kukuvadza kune nharaunda. Iyo mhepo yemhepo yakaiswa muchiteshi cheBilbao muPonta Lucero yakagadzira 7,1 miriyoni kWh yemhepo simba muSpain mumwedzi yayo mishanu yekutanga yekushanda. Zvinonyanya kubatsira kuti mapaki aya avakwe negungwa, sezvo mhepo ichiwanzotenderera mukuputika uye yakagadzikana kupfuura pasi.
solar power plant
Kune marudzi akasiyana emagetsi aya. Pakati pazvo, mashizha emagetsi ezuva anopisa anotora mukana wekupisa kwezuva kupisa mvura uye anoshandisa chiutsi chinogadzirwa nekudziya kufambisa maturbine. Kune zvakare photovoltaic solar power plant, kubvira Photovoltaic masero ane basa rekushandura simba rezuva kuita magetsi.. MuSpain tine mafekitari maviri anokosha: Puertollano uye Olmedilla de Alarcón photovoltaic parks. Vese vari muCastilla-La Mancha.
hydroelectric power plant
Maturbine emiti iyi anofambiswa nekumhanya kwemvura kuyerera. Izvi zvinotora mukana wemapopoma, angave echisikigo, ndiko kuti, mapopoma asina kuenzana nenzizi, kana mapopoma ekugadzira akabatanidzwa mumadhamu. Mukuwedzera kune simba remagetsi vanokwanisa kugadzira, vanopatsanurwawo kana kurongwa maererano nesimba ravanaro. Kune rimwe divi kune zvidyarwa zvakakura zvemagetsi emvura, zvidyarwa zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi emagetsi.
tidal power station
Kushanda kwayo kwakafanana nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Asi izvi zvinotora mukana wemusiyano wemugungwa uri pakati pemafungu emvura akakwira neakaderera. Tidal magetsi zvidyarwa zvinoonekwawo izvo zvinotora mukana wekufamba kwemasaisai kufambisa maturbine. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunewo mafungu egungwa, ayo anotora mukana simba rekinetic remvura yemugungwa kana yegungwa. Iyi nzira haina kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuti hapana madhamu anovakwa kukanganisa ecosystem.
Mashandiro emhando dzemagetsi emagetsi
A thermal power plant is thermal power plant ine chinangwa chekushandura simba rekupisa kuita magetsi. Kutendeuka uku kunoitwa nemhepo inodziya/inopisa yeturbine yemvura. Ndiko kutenderera kweRankine. Muchiitiko ichi, mhepo inoputika inobudisa mhepo inotyaira turbine.
Imwe mhando yemagetsi emagetsi ekupisa ndiyo inosanganiswa kutenderera. Muchigadzirwa chakasanganiswa chinotenderera pane maviri thermodynamic cycles:
- Breton cycle. Kutenderera uku kunoshanda ne turbine yekupisa gasi, kazhinji gasi rechisikigo.
- Rankine cycle. Iyi inguva yakajairwa nemhepo-yemvura turbine kutenderera.
Mumagetsi ese ekupisa magetsi, zvinhu zvitatu zvinodiwa kugadzira magetsi:
- turbine yemhepo. Turbines inoshandura simba rekupisa kuita kinetic simba.
- Alternator inoshandura mechanical simba kupinda simba remagetsi.
- Transformer inogadzirisa yazvino inowanikwa mukuchinjisa ikozvino ne mutsauko unodiwa unobvira.
Kukosha kwe reactor yenyukireya
A fusion reactor inzvimbo inoitwa nuclear fusion reactions muhuturu inoumbwa nehydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium), ichiburitsa simba mumhando yekupisa, zvino inoshanduka kuita magetsi.
Parizvino hapana ma fusion reactor anogona kukohwa magetsi, kunyangwe paine zvivakwa zvekutsvagisa zvekudzidza maitiro efusion uye tekinoroji ichashandiswa muzvirimwa izvi mune ramangwana.
Mune ramangwana, fusion reactors ichakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: avo vanoshandisa magineti kuvharirwa uye avo vanoshandisa inertial confinement. Magnetic confinement fusion reactor ine zvinhu zvinotevera:
- A reaction chamber yakasungwa nemadziro esimbi.
- Kufunga kuti mafuta ari mukamuri yekupindura ndeye deuterium-tritium, dhizaini yezvinhu zvinogadzirwa ne lithium inokwevera kupisa kubva kumadziro esimbi uye inoburitsa tritium.
- Mamwe makoiri makuru anogadzira magineti minda.
- Mhando yekudzivirira kwemwaranzi.
Iyo inertial kuvharirwa fusion reactor inosanganisira:
- reaction chamber, diki pane yapfuura, inoganhurwawo nemadziro esimbi.
- Lithium coverage.
- Iyo inoshandiswa fambisa kupinda kwechiedza chesimbi particles kana ions kubva laser.
- Radioprotection.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemhando dzemagetsi emagetsi aripo uye maitiro avo.