Kusvibiswa kwemvura chero shanduko yemakemikari, yemuviri kana yebhayoloji mumhando yemvura ine zvakaipa uye zvinoparadza pazvipenyu zvinoidya. Pfungwa yemvura ine tsvina inoreva kuunganidzwa uye kuunganidzwa kwechinhu chimwe kana zvakawanda kunze kwemvura mune imwechete kusvika painokonzeresa kusaenzana kwehupenyu hwehupenyu, kudyiwa kwevanhu, maindasitiri, kurima, hove nekutandara uye nyaya dzemhuka. Kune akawanda marudzi ekusvibiswa kwemvura zvichienderana nekwakabva uye kukuvara.
Nokudaro, tichazotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti ndezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusvibiswa kwemvura zviripo uye ndezvipi zvinoguma zvaitika.
Mhando dzekusvibiswa kwemvura
Hydrocarbons
Kurasika kwemafuta kunogara kuchikanganisa mhuka dzesango kana mhuka dzemumvura, Asi mukana wekupararira wakakura.
Oiri yacho inonamira paminhenga yeshiri dzegungwa, zvichiita kuti isakwanisa kushambira kana kubhururuka, zvouraya hove dzacho. Kuwedzera kurasika kwemafuta uye kurasika mukutakura kwakonzera kusvibiswa kwegungwa. Chiziviso Chakakosha: Oiri hainyungudike mumvura uye inoumba gobvu remafuta mumvura, inokachidza hove uye ichivharira chiedza kubva kune photosynthetic zvirimwa zvemumvura.
Mvura yepamusoro
Mvura iri pamusoro pemvura inosanganisira mvura yechisikigo inowanikwa pamusoro penyika, senzizi, madziva, madziva, uye nyanza. Zvinhu izvi zvinosangana nemvura uye nyungudutsa kana kusanganisa panyama mariri.
Oxygen absorbers
Mumuviri wemvura mune ma microorganisms. Izvi zvinosanganisira aerobic uye anaerobic organisms.. Mvura kazhinji ine tupukanana, angave aerobic kana anaerobic, zvichienderana ne biodegradable zvinhu zvakamiswa mumvura.
Zvipembenene zvakawandisa zvinopedza nekupedza oxygen, zvinouraya zvipenyu zveaerobic uye kugadzira chepfu inokuvadza senge ammonia nesarufa.
Kusvibiswa kwepasi pevhu
Mishonga yezvipembenene nemakemikari ane chokuita nevhu anonyudzwa nemvura inonaya opinda muvhu, nokudaro achisvibisa mvura yepasi.
Microbial kusvibiswa
Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, vanhu vanonwa mvura isina kucheneswa kubva munzizi, hova, kana kuti mamwe manyuko. Dzimwe nguva pachava nekusvibiswa kwepanyama kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakadai sevhairasi, mabhakitiriya uye protozoa.
Zvingangodaro kuti kusvibiswa kwepanyama uku kukonzera hosha dzakakomba dzevanhu uye kufa kwehove nemamwe marudzi.
Kusvibiswa nezvinhu zvakambomiswa
Haasi makemikari ese ari nyore kunyungudika mumvura. Izvi zvinonzi "particulate matter." Mhando yezvinhu izvi zvinogona kukuvadza kana kutouraya zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Kemikari kusvibiswa kwemvura
Zvinozivikanwa zvikuru kuona kuti maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana anoshandisa sei makemikari anorasirwa mumanyuko emvura. Mishonga yeAgrochemicals inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima kudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinozopedzisira zvayerera munzizi, ichiisa chepfu kune zvipenyu zvemumvura, kudzima zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuisa upenyu hwevanhu pangozi.
Kusvibiswa kwezvokudya
Nguva zhinji tinoti mvura ine hutano kune zvisikwa zvipenyu, saka hazvifanirwe kuibvisa. Asi kuwanikwa kwekuwanda kwefotereza yekurima neyemumaindasitiri mumvura yekunwa kwakachinja mamiriro ese ezvinhu.
Mazhinji maseweji, mafetireza uye tsvina ine huwandu hukuru hwezvinovaka muviri zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwealgae nemasora mumvura. kuita kuti isanwike uye kunyange kuvhara masefa.
Fetereza inoyerera kubva muminda inosvibisa mvura yemunzizi, munzizi, nemumadziva kusvika yasvika munyanza. Fetereza yakapfuma mukudya kwakasiyana-siyana kunodiwa pahupenyu hwechirimwa, uye mvura yakachena inogadzirwa inoshandura kuenzana kwechisikigo chezvinovaka muviri zvakakosha zvezvirimwa zvemumvura.
Zvitubu uye marudzi ekusvibiswa kwemvura
Mabviro ekusvibiswa kweanthropic kunokanganisa kunaka kwemvura kunowanzo kupatsanurwa kuva marudzi maviri:
- Point manyuko ekusvibisa
- Nzvimbo dzisiri dzenzvimbo dzekusvibisa
Ngationei mumwe nemumwe wavo:
- Nzvimbo dzekusvibisa: Nzvimbo yekusvibisa (Point source of pollution) zvinoreva nzvimbo ine tsvina inoburitsa tsvina imwe chete kana kuti yakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo imwe chete iri yoga kana yakaganhurirwa. Maitiro ekuve: kuyerera kwemvura yetsvina yemumba, kubuda kwemvura yetsvina mumaindasitiri, marara ane njodzi, kuyerera kwemugodhi, kuvuza, kubuda netsaona, nezvimwe.
- Kunoparadzira manyuko ekusvibisa: Ndiwo manyuko ekuwedzera, kusanganisira mabasa anofukidza nzvimbo huru dzinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwepasi pevhu, uye zvechokwadi hazvigone kutaurwa zvine chokwadi uye nemazvo. Mimwe mienzaniso yakavakirwa pamabviro: kurima uye zvipfuyo, mvura yemudhorobha, kushandiswa kwevhu, marara, deposition yemhepo, uye zviitwa zvekutandara.
- Zvisikwa zvinosvibisa tsvina: Vanotaura nezvemoto kana kuputika kwemakomo.
- Manyuko ekusvibiswa kwemichina: Rudzi urwu rwekusvibisa kunobva pakushandiswa kwemaindasitiri uye mudzimba, kusanganisira kutakura mota kunoda mafuta ekuzora.
Mhando dzezvinosvibisa
Pathogenic microorganisms
Mhando yetsvina iyi inogadzirwa ne microorganisms, zvakadai sebhakitiriya, mavhairasi, protozoa Inogona kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvakadai sekorera, typhus, uye hepatitis.
Organic tsvina
Mabviro ayo imarara anokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu, sezvipfuyo. Kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinoodza kana kuparara zviri nyore mumvura zvinosimudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya reaerobic rinopedza okisijeni iripo. Hypoxia inoita kuti zviome kuti zvipenyu zveaerobic zvirarame, uye zvipenyu zveanaerobic zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakaita seammonia kana sarufa.
Inorganic makemikari
Izvi zvakafanana kune asidhi, munyu, uye simbi dzine chepfu. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira, dzinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kune zvipenyu, kuderera kwegoho rekugadzirwa kwekurima uye kuora kwemidziyo yebasa.
Inorganic phytonutrients
Izvo zvakafanana zvinoenda kune nitrate uye phosphates. Izvo zvinhu zvinonyungudika zvinodikanwa yekukura kwezvirimwa uye inogona kukurudzira kukura kwealgae nezvimwe zvipenyu. Rudzi urwu rwekusvibiswa runogona kutungamirira kune eutrophication yemitumbi yemvura, inoda kushandiswa kwese oksijeni iripo. Izvi zvinokanganisa mabasa ezvimwe zvipenyu uye zvinoderedza kusiyana kwezvipenyu mumvura.
Organic compounds
Kufanana nemafuta, peturu, mapurasitiki, mishonga yezvipembenene, etc. Izvo zvinhu zvinogona kuchengetwa mumvura kwenguva yakareba uye zvakaoma kuti ma microorganisms aputse.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemhando dzekusvibiswa kwemvura dziripo.