Lithium mabhatiri mabhatiri emagetsi anotakurika anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kubva kunharembozha kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi. Aya mabhatiri anofarirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwanda kwesimba rawo, izvo zvinoreva kuti anogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakura hwesimba zvichienzaniswa nehukuru uye huremu hwawo. Nekudaro, imwe yemibvunzo yakajairika ndeyekuti lithium mabhatiri anogona kushandiswazve.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kana mabhatiri e-lithium ari kudzokororwa, kuti ndeapi mari uye kuti anogona kushandiswazve.
Kushanda kwe lithium bhatiri
Kiyi yekushanda kwe lithium mabhatiri iri mune yavo yemukati chimiro. Aya mabhatiri ane sero rimwe kana akawanda, uye sero rega rega rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: an anode (negative electrode), cathode (positive electrode), uye electrolyte. Iyo anode inogadzirwa negraphite, iyo cathode inoumbwa ne lithium cobalt oxide, uye iyo electrolyte inogadzirisa inobvumira lithium ions kuyerera pakati pemagetsi.
Kana bhatiri rachajwa, lithium ions inofamba kubva pacathode ichienda kune anode kuburikidza ne electrolyte. Iyi nzira inotungamirirwa nemakemikari anoita inoitika mukati mebheteri sero. Panguva yekurodha, lithium ions inodzoka kubva kune anode kuenda kune cathode kuburikidza ne electrolyte, kugadzira magetsi anogona kushandiswa kugonesa midziyo yemagetsi kana mota dzemagetsi.
Kugona kwebhatiri relithium kunoyerwa mumilliampere-maawa (mAh). uye inosarudza kuti simba rakawanda sei rarinogona kuchengeta. Kana bhatiri richikwira, zvinoita kuti mudziyo uwedzere simba usati wada kuchajwazve.
Aya mabhatiri anoda charge management system kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Iyi sisitimu ine basa rekudzora kuyerera kweazvino panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa, kudzivirira kuwandisa kana kubuda zvakanyanya, uye kuchengetedza bhatiri kubva kune yakashata mamiriro, senge tembiricha yakanyanya.
Mabhatiri eti lithium anogona kushandiswazve here?
Kana tichitaura nezvehupfumi hwedenderedzwa, isu tinogara tichifunga nezve kudzoreredza kwese komputa uye zvikamu zvemarara. Zvisinei, kuiwana kwakanyatso kuoma kubva kune unyanzvi hwemaonero, kunyanya kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yehupfumi. Kana isu tikawedzerawo kuti yekutanga yasara haisi-rechargeable lithium mabhatiri, Matambudziko anhasi ndeaya ayo indasitiri yekudzokorodza haikwanise kuwana.
Kubva pakuona kwekurasa, kudzokorodza mabhatiri e-lithium hakusi kukwezva. Izvo zvakapesana chaizvo nezita rehanzvadzi yayo rechargeable lithium-ion bhatiri. Iyo yekupedzisira ine cobalt, chinhu chemakemikari chinotsvakwa nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kwemusika, zvichiita kuti ive yakakura kudhirowa indasitiri yekudzokorodza.
Nekudaro, isu tinofanirwa kudzokorodza ese maseru nemabhatiri mapaketi. Uyezve, iyo indasitiri yekudzokorodza inofanirwa kuita kuti igoneke nehunyanzvi uye mune zvehupfumi.
Lithium recycling purojekiti yemabhatiri asingachajikizve
Parizvino, hapana maindasitiri maitiro akatsaurirwa kudzoreredza kwekutanga lithium. Nekuda kwesarudzo yekudzokorodza nemamwe marudzi emabhatiri e-lithium, zvakaoma kuyera zvinhu zvakadzoserwa kubva kumabhatiri aya. Chinangwa chikuru cheiyo RELIBANE purojekiti (inopihwa mari neICEX pasi pechibvumirano 14/2019) yekudzoreredza lithium kubva kumabhatiri asingadzoke kutsvagisa padanho rerabhoritari. Zvadaro, yakasarudzika uye yakasarudzika hydrometallurgical process yakagadzirwa pachiyero cheindasitiri.
Nenzira iyi, iyo lithium iri mumabhatiri ekutanga anounganidzwa semarara anogona kudzoserwa. Nenzira iyi, lithium uye zvimwe zvinhu zviripo mubhatiri zvinogona kushandiswa seyakaomeswa kugadzira mabhatiri matsva, kuderedza kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa mbishi.
Kubva pane simba uye zvakatipoteredza maonero, hydrometallurgical maitiro ekubvisa lithium angave akanaka kupfuura maitiro aripo. Iyo nzira yakatsanangurwa neEnvirobat Spain muRELIBANE chirongwa ine maviri makuru maitiro: mechanic uye makemikari, inotangira danho rakakosha zvakaenzana: kubuda kwebhatiri.
lithium properties
Lithium isimbi inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inopa njodzi yakakura yemoto kana ikasabatwa nemazvo. Naizvozvo, danho rekutanga rekuita ndiko optimization yebhatiri yekuburitsa maitiro. Nokuda kweizvi, mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzine ecological solutes dzinoshandiswa, umo mabhatiri anoiswa. Iyi nzira yekurodha inofarira kushandiswazve kunotevera kwemareagents, nokudaro kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemarara.
Izvi zvinoteverwa nekuparadzaniswa kwemuviri kunoteverwa nekusungwa kwe lithium iyo inotarisirwa kudzorerwa sechinhu chikuru. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kuita uye kunaka kwemakomisheni akadzoserwa anonyanya kutsanangurwa nedanho rekupedzisira, iyo hydrometallurgical nhanho, iyo yakakamurwa kuita maviri makuru matanho: leaching, ine chinangwa chekubvisa lithium uye kunaya kwemvura, kuburikidza iyo inodiwa lithium compound inowanikwa. Iko kunotevera kudzoreredzwa kwemakomisheni akasara akabatwa ne lithium achadzidzwa.
Zvinangwa zvemberi
Imwe nzira yekuita kuti kudzokorodza kuvepo kwese kuita kuti vagadziri vafunge nezve kudzokorodza kubva pakutanga. Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo pfungwa yakawana traction: vagadziri nevagadziri vadzo vanoshanda pamwechete kuita purofiti kuburikidza nekuita tsvina shoma sezvinobvira.
Mune mutsara wehupfumi, kana bhatiri rapera, rinoguma rave mumarara. Asi mune hupfumi hwakatenderedza, mabhatiri haaparare, asi kuti vatangezve hupenyu hwavo sezvishandiso uye vadzokere kune yekugadzira cheni.
Asi kuti hupfumi hwebhatiri denderedzwa hushande, zvirimwa zvekudzokorodza zvinofanirwa kuenderana nekugadzirwa kwemiti yekugadzira. Izvi zvaizoita kuti pave nekuenderera mberi kwekupa, kuderedza mitengo uye kungangoita kuderedza kutsika kwezvakatipoteredza zvichienzaniswa nekucherwa. Kugadzira kudyidzana pakati pezvekugovera cheni, kubva kune vanonatsa kuenda kune vanogadzira mota kusvika kune vanogadzirazve mabhatiri, zvichave zvakakosha kuti izvi zviitike.
Iko kuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion ichiri muchikamu chekusimudzira, ichienzaniswa nehafu yezana remakore remabhatiri e-lead-acid, lithium-ion mabhatiri aita fambiro mberi inoshamisa mukati memakore gumi chete. Zvisinei, zvingatora mamwe makore gumi mhinduro isati yanyatsosvika pamwero unodiwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti lithium mabhatiri anogona kushandiswazve uye kuti ndeapi maitiro aainawo.