Isu tose tinoziva kuti magetsi anogadzirwa mumagetsi emagetsi. Izvo zvisingataurwi zvakanyanya ndizvo kutakurwa kwesimba remagetsi. Kutakura kwemagetsi kunobvumira kuendeswa kwesimba rinogadzirwa nemafekitari kunzvimbo dzekushandisa. Mune mamwe mazwi, ndiyo nzira iyo magetsi anotora kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune kugovera.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti chii chinotakura simba remagetsi, kuti rinoitwa sei uye kukosha kwaro chii.
Kutakurwa kwesimba remagetsi
Simba remagetsi rinofambiswa kuburikidza neakakwira voltage transmission mitsara, iyo pamwe chete neiyo substations inoumba network yekutumira. Kuendesa magetsi nekupera simba kushoma sezvinobvira, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere huwandu hwayo hwemagetsi. Mitsetse yekufambisa kana mitsetse yakakwira voltage inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinoitisa (mhangura kana aluminium) uye zvinhu zvinotsigira (high voltage towers). Idzi, kana voltage yadzo kune network yekugovera yadzikiswa, fambisa magetsi pamadaro marefu.
Iyo network yekutumira ine meshed, izvo zvinoreva kuti mapoinzi ese akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kana pane tsaona pane imwe nzvimbo, simba rekupa rinovimbiswa nekuti simba rinogona kubva kune imwe mutsara. Mukuwedzera, iyo network yekutumira inodzorwa kure, kureva, zvikanganiso zvinogona kuonekwa uye kuparadzaniswa kubva panzvimbo yekutonga.
Iyo yakakwira voltage unit (AT) ine basa rekutakura magetsi kubva kumagetsi emagetsi kuenda kune substation. Nezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, tambo dzemagetsi akakwira anovigwa kana kuiswa pamapango emagetsi kunze kwepakati peguta.
Mitemo inosimbisa kuti chero voltage yakakura kupfuura 1 kV inoonekwa seAT, kunyangwe makambani emagetsi akatanga mimwe misiyano kana masangano:
- Zvifambiso zvekufambisa (special category): kuisirwa nevoltiji yakakura kupfuura kana yakaenzana ne220 kV uye ine yakaderera voltage iri chikamu cheiyo network yekutumira (semuenzaniso, pazvitsuwa, funga iyo 66 kV network sekutapurirana).
- High voltage kugovera network (mapoka 1 ne2): asingasviki 220 kV uye anopfuura 30 kV
- Medium voltage distribution network (chikamu 3): pakati pe30 kV ne1 kV.
Ndekupi kutakurwa kwesimba remagetsi kunodzorwa?
Iyo magetsi ekufambisa network ine yekutanga kutapurirana network uye yechipiri transmission network. Pamusoro pekusiyanisa zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzenetiweki yega yega, iyo yekutanga kutapurirana network inosanganisira idzo dzimwe dzekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye, pazvinenge zvakakodzera, kubatanidza neiyo isiri-yenzvimbo yemagetsi system. Zvimwe zvinhu zvetiweki, sezvivakwa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira, zvemagetsi kana kwete, zvakare chikamu chetiweki yekutakura.
Kutakurwa kwemagetsi kunonyanya kudzora chikamu chemagetsi muChitsauko VI cheMutemo 24/2013, waZvita 26, iyo inosimbisa kuti ndezvipi zvivakwa zvichabatanidzwa mumambure, zvinodiwa kuti zvigadzirise chirongwa chekubatanidza network kubvumira mubairo wezvivako zvitsva kuti zvizivikanwe uye zvinosanganisira mabasa ayo mutakuri anofanira kuita.
Saizvozvo, maererano nekuchengetedza, zvinodikanwa zvakare kutaura Mutemo 21/1992, waChikunguru 16, paIndasitiri, iyo inosimbisa kuti zviyero zvekuchengetedza zvinotarisa zvinodiwa pakuisirwa, mabasa emuridzi uye kugona kwehunyanzvi. Mutemo unotsanangurawo hunhu hwemasangano anodzora uye masangano anofanirwa kuita ongororo.
Mune zvese zviri pamusoro, zvinofanirwa kutarisisa Royal Decree 223/2008, yaFebruary 15, by. iyo inobvumidza mutemo wemamiriro ehunyanzvi, uye Royal Decree 1955/2000, yaDecember 1, kutanga mamwe mabasa ekufambisa akanyanyisa pakati.
Mutemo unoratidza kuti makambani eT&D achange ane basa rekuita, kugadzirisa uye kuoneswa kwemitsara yaainayo, pamwe nekuongororwa kwemitsara yakakwira-voltage isiri yemakambani eT&D, uye mutemo unogadzira vanoisa dhijitari uye. makambani ekugadza.
Chii chinonzi Red Electrica de España?
Iyo Electricity Sector Law inosimbisa kuti Red Eléctrica de España, SA ichaita chiitiko ichi seye ega opareta uye parizvino ndeyake ese akakwira-voltage mitsara. Nekudaro, mutemo unobvumidza hurumende kuita zvimwe zvifambiso zvechipiri, nekuda kwehunhu nemabasa avo, ndeavo vane mvumo munzvimbo dzakati.
Mugoveri mukuru wekambani iyi Guotong Industrial Participation Company (SEPI), iyo muridzi wezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana. Iyo yasara 20% inotengeswa zvakasununguka pamusika wemari. Izvo zvinotaridzika zvekambani zvinonyanya kudzorwa neMutemo 54/1997, waNovember 27, kunyanya chinyorwa chayo chekuwedzera 23.
Mubairo weichi chiitiko unobva pamibairo paramita yakatenderwa neNational Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). Inofanirawo kuendesa zvirongwa zvegore negore uye zvemakore akawanda kuti zvibvumirwe nehurumende.
Ndezvipi zvibvumirano zvinodiwa pazvifambiso?
Kutanga, kugadziridza, kutapurirana uye kudzima kwekupedzisira kwekumisikidzwa kwemagetsi kunoenderana nekutevedzwa kwemutemo wemvumo wakagadzwa muMutemo uye zviga zvekusimudzira.
Nemvumo yekutakura, kugovera, kugadzira uye mitsara yakananga yesimba remagetsi, muvambi wayo anofanira kunyatsoratidza zvinotevera (chinyorwa 53.4 cheMutemo 24/2013, waZvita 26):
- Tekinoroji uye chengetedzo mamiriro ekuisa uye yakabatana michina.
- Kunyatsoenderana nemamiriro ekunze.
- Hunhu hwenzvimbo yekuisa.
- kugona kwayo kwemutemo, kwehunyanzvi uye kwehupfumi uye kwemari kuita chirongwa.
Mvumo inopihwa nevakuru vane hunyanzvi munyaya iyi pasina kukanganisa kune zvibvumirano zvinodiwa uye mvumo kuburikidza nemimwe mitemo inoshanda, kunyanya iyo ine chekuita nekuronga kushandiswa kwevhu uye nharaunda. Kushaikwa kwekugadziriswa kwakajeka kuchava nemhedzisiro yekudzingwa (yakawedzera ndima 3 yeMagetsi Sector Law).
Mupfungwa iyi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, pakati pemamwe mirau, zviga zvemutemo uyu zvinogadzwa muRoyal Decree 1955/2000, yaDecember 1, iyo. mabasa ekufambisa, kugovera, kutengeserana, kugovera uye maitiro ekupa mvumo yekuisa simba inodzorwa.
Ndezvipi zvinosungirwa nemutakuri?
Mushandi ane basa rekuvandudza uye kuwedzera kweiyo network yekutumira kuvimbisa kuchengetedza uye kuvandudzwa kwetiweki yakagadziridzwa pasi pehomogeneous uye inowirirana zviyero. Pakati pezvimwe, mabasa avo anosanganisira kuita zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa, kushanda ne manejimendi kuti aongorore uye atarise zvirongwa zvekudyara, chengetedza kusarura, kupa marezinesi ekubatanidza kana kusimudzira kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzekufambisa magetsi.
Ndinotarisira kuti nemashoko aya unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekutakura kwesimba remagetsi.