Munyaya inotevera tichazotaura nezve kusvibiswa kwenzizi, makungwa nemakungwa. Kuti tiite izvi, isu tichaedza kutsanangura kuti inogadzirwa sei Kusvibisa Kwemvura, kurwisa kwaunoita uye maitiro ainoita pahupenyu hwako.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti kusvibiswa kwemvura ndeimwe yeiyo Matambudziko makuru yakatarisana nevanhu vazhinji nhasi. Kunyangwe mumakore apfuura, kune nyika zhinji dziri kuyedza kurwisa dambudziko iri.
Mvura inoshatiswa sei?
Sekuziva kwese munhu, mvura yakakosha pahupenyu, saka kusvibiswa kwayo kunokanganisa zvikuru hupfumi pamwe nekusimudzira magariro enharaunda dzayo zviwanikwa zvemvura Ivo vari mune yakashata mamiriro.
Nguva zhinji hatizive kuti kusvibisa mvura hachisi chinhu chinogadzirwa nemafekitori makuru, uye mamwe mafekitori anoshanda munzvimbo pedyo nenzizi kana gungwa. Isuwo tine chikamu chebasa sezvo gungwa nemvura zvakanaka kune wese munhu.
Nenzira iyi, hapana chinhu chinofanira kukandwa mumvura, uye zvakatosara zvishoma kana zvinhu zvinokwanisa kusvika kugungwa kubva muchimbuzi chemba yedu.
Kutanga kusvibiswa kwemvura
Kusvibiswa kwemvura kunokonzerwa nezviitiko zvevanhu, inotanga kuitika mune yekuvandudza kwemaindasitiriNehurombo, izvi zvakawedzera, kusvikira rave dambudziko rakajairika uye rakapararira.
Munguva maindasitiri Revolution (pakati pehafu yepiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nemakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX), kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvevatengi nemaitiro avo ekugadzira zvaida huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura yekushandura zvigadzirwa. Nekudaro, iyo tsvina kubva mumaitiro aya yakakandwa mune echisikigo emvura makosi pasina chero mhando yekutonga. Apa akatanga kufambisa iyo zvinonetsa yekusvibiswa kwemvura.
Iko kusvibiswa kwemvura kunobva kupi?
Kazhinji, kusvibiswa kwemvura kunoitika kuburikidza nekuburitsa zvakanangana kana zvisina kunangana munzvimbo dzemvura (nzizi, makungwa, nyanza, nezvimwewo) zvezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosvibisa. Zvisikwa zvine hunyanzvi hwekuzvichenesa kana zvikagamuchira shoma yezvinhu zvinosvibisa, uye nenzira iyi, dzorerazve muyero. Dambudziko rinotanga apo zvinosvibisa zvinopfuura kugona kwekugona kweiyo system.
Main mafomu ekusvibiswa kwemvura:
Imwe yacho ine chekuita neyake zvakasikwa kutenderera, panguva iyo inogona kusangana nehumwe hunosvibisa nzvimbo (hwakadai sekunyungudika kana kumitiswa zvicherwa uye zvinhu zvakasikwa) zviripo muguruva repasi, muchadenga uye mumvura.
Asi imwe mhando yekushatiswa kwemvura - iyo inowanzo kuve yakakosha uye inokuvadza- ndeye iyo ine hukama hwakasarudzika nekuita kwevanhu. Pano tine mikana yakawanda. Pakati pezvakajairika isu tinogona kutaura:
- Kubuda kwezvinhu zvakasara zvine chepfu kubva mumaindasitiri nemumaguta maitiro, ayo anokandwa munzizi, mumakungwa nemumakungwa.
- Iko kusvibiswa kunogadzirwa ne kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye fetiraiza mune zvekurima yakasimba, iyo inonamira munzvimbo dzepasi pevhu.
- Marara akaraswa kumahombekombe, zvinosuwisa kuti marara aya anotora mazana kana zviuru zvemakore kudzikisira.
- Kushandiswa kwemafuta anosvibisa mumabhoti, ayo anopedzisira ave mugungwa nekuda kwekuchenesa zvikepe, kana nekuda kwe tsaona, senge Prestige.
Kusvibiswa kwemvura
Gungwa harisi iro rega rinogashira kusvibiswa, pachokwadi tine dambudziko rakakura nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwenzizi nemadhamu.
Nehurombo, vamiririri vazhinji vanogona kusvibisa nzizi nemadhamu. Icho chakanyanya kukosha chingave:
- tsvina yemvura uye mamwe masara anoda okisijeni (ayo anowanzo ari organic organic, ayo kuora kunogadzira deoxygenation yemvura).
- Zvirwere zvinotapukira izvo zvinopedzisira zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwepamuviri uye kunyangwe zvirwere zvinotyisa kune avo vanonwa mvura iyoyo (cholera, ...).
- Dyara zvinovaka muviri Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa zvemumvura, izvo zvinopedzisira zvoora, zvinopedza oxygen yakanyungudika uye zvinokonzeresa zvinopfuura zvinonhuwirira zvisina kunaka.
- Makemikari zvigadzirwa, senge mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvemaindasitiri, makemikari zvinhu Inowanikwa mune sipo, sipo uye zvigadzirwa zvekuora kwemamwe makemikari.
- Inorganic Minerals uye Makemikari Makemikari.
Migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemvura
Sezvatinoziva, kusvibiswa kwemvura kwakadai kunogona kutungamira kune kusvibiswa kwenzizi, ku kusvibiswa kwegungwa, kana nyanza, madziva, madhamu ... Mushure mezvose, zvese zvine mvura.
Kutanga, kusvibiswa uku kunokanganisa mhuka nezvipenyu zvinogona kugara mazviri. Nenzira iyi, zvinosvibisa zvinounzwa mu cheni yezvokudya, uye ivo vari kuvhozhokera iyo kusvikira vasvika kune zvakakwirira zvinongedzo, ndokuti isu. Nekudya pazvinhu zvipenyu zvinogara mumvura yakasviba, senge hove uye hove, tinonwa uye tinounganidza huturu hwavakadya, hune mhedzisiro inouraya mukufamba kwenguva, senge kutaridzika kwezvirwere zvakaita sema allergies, kana Cancer.
Uye zvakare, zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri zvinounganidza iyo yepamusoro isu tiri muchikafu cheni, ndiko kuti, isu isu tinounganidza zvakawanda zvakawanda zvine chepfu mukati mehupenyu hwedu kupfuura zvimwe zvipenyu. Muchokwadi, ongororo dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza kuti maSpanish ane gumi rakapetwa mercury muropa redu kupfuura maGerman, nekuda kwekudyiwa kwakawanda kwehove kuSpain.
Uye zvakare, inofanirwa kutariswa kuti mvura yakasviba inogona kutakura akasiyana siyana ezvirwere senge typhoid fever, cholera, gastroenteritis ... uye kukonzera kufa kwevanhu, kunyanya mwana. Mvura yakachena uye ine hutano inotyaira kukura kwevanhu uye kubudirira.
Nzira yekubatsira sei kusvibisa mvura?
Kazhinji, iko kushandisa kwedu kwakanyanya ndiko kunokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwemvura, nekuti kugadzirwa kwemarudzi ese ezvinhu kunoreva kushandiswa kukuru kwemvura, uye kusvibiswa kwayo. Semuyenzaniso, Mazana emavara uye zvinosvibisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira mbatya, senge shangu.
Zvakawanda zvehutachiona zvinokonzerwa ne kurima zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoda mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, Iyo kugadzirwa kwayo kunoshandisa huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura uye kunotungamira mukubuda kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa mukati merwizi. Zvakare, kushandiswa kweiyi mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka nefetiraiza kunosvibisa ivhu uye mafafitera. Tinogona kubatsira mukuderedza kusvibiswa nekudya zvigadzirwa zve organic, nekudaro tichideredza izvo zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nekurima kwakanyanya.
Chimwe chiitiko chinopedza nekusvibisa mvura ndeche bepa kuchenesa, kushandisa mapepa akashandiswazve kunobatsira pakusvibisa mvura kushoma.
Nguva zhinji kumwe kutambisa, senge mapurasitiki anopera mumvura. Idzi dzinoenda kugungwa uye dzinogarako kwenguva yakareba kusvika pakuora kwakadaro. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirirwa nekudzora mashandisirwo emapurasitiki uye kuisa izvo zvisingachabatsiri mumudziyo weyero yekurapa nekudzokesa zvakare.
Kusvibisa kwegungwa
Kunyangwe zvingave zvisingaite senge, zvakakosha kuti tizive nezve njodzi yekushatiswa kwegungwa uye kuti nekuda kweizvi hupenyu hwemugungwa hwemarudzi mazhinji anochengetedzwa, kuwedzera kune inotipa mukana wekuve ne oxygen, oxygen iyoyo yaunofema.
El kurasa marara nemaune, kuraswa kwemafuta, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari akaomarara iyo inodururwa mugungwa chikonzero kusvibiswa kwayo kwete chete zvinokanganisa zvirimwa uye mhando dzemumvura dzinogara mazviri asiwo hwese nhamba yenyika
Oiri inodururwa
Parizvino brent ndiyo hombe kutyisidzira maererano nekusvibiswa kwegungwa, kubvira kugadzirwa uye kutakurwa kwemafuta kwakura zvakanyanya kuitira kuzadzikisa zvido zveupfumi hwazvino.
Nekuda kwekudonha kwemafuta mugungwa, kufa mhuka zhinji dzinogara mazviri
Ngatifungeiwo nezvese zvinogadzira petroleum, iyo inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira mapurasitiki nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, Zvinosuruvarisa zvese izvi zvinoita kunge zvichaperera pazasi pegungwa.
Mhedzisiro Inokanganisa Oiri Oiri
Zvinonzi zvinopfuura makumi masere muzana% yekusvibiswa kunoitika mumakungwa ndiko mhosva yedu, uye zvakanyanyisa imhaka yekushandisa zvisirizvo zvatiri kugadzira mafuta.
Uye zvakare, nekuda kwekuyedza kukuru mukuchenesa kubvisa zvisaririra zvemafuta zvinowanikwa pasi pegungwa, zvakaratidzwa kuti kukuvara kwemvura uye hupenyu hwemugungwa kunoenderera kweanenge makore gumi. Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti pane akati wandei mafuta araswa gore rega rega, huwandu hwemhedzisiro yakadaro hunoshungurudza.
Kudzivirira uye kudzora kusvibiswa kwemvura neMafuta
Kana poindi yekusvibiswa kwegungwa nekuda kwemafuta iriko, nhevedzano yezvidzidzo zvepo zvinoitiswa kusarudza protocol yekutevera, kuti ugone chenesa zvachose. Kana banga racho riri diki, unogona kusarudza kumirira kuti rinyungudike zvakasikwa, kunyangwe chinhu chakajairika kudzivirira usati wamhanya.
Nechikonzero ichi, mhando iyi yekudzivirira marine inowanzoitwa kubva kuzvikepe zvine zviito zvinotevera zvinotevera:
- Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekunyorera kumatangi
- Unyanzvi hwekuongorora matangi
- Kudzora kwekufamba kwegungwa
- Kudzidziswa
- Mhinduro zvinoreva kuti kudzivirira tsaona (control tower, tugboats, etc.)
Dhata pane kusvibiswa kwemvura
Kazhinji, isu hatizive dambudziko iri kudzamara vatipa iyo data yenyaya. Zvichida uchiziva aya manhamba nekushatiswa kwemvura, iwe unoonawo sei kutambiswa mvura munyika dzepasi rose.
Nehurombo, mvura yakasviba ndiyo imwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zve mwana anofa wenyika. Mvura yakasviba ndiyo inokonzeresa huwandu hwenzufu dzevana, kunyanya muAfrica neAsia, kunyanya nekuda kwe hutachiona uye manyoka.
Kupfuura 5 mamirioni vanhu vanofa gore rega rega nekunwa mvura yakasviba.
El 90% yemvura inopedzwa nehuwandu hwepasi rose hunobva mvura yepasi pevhu.
Un litre yemafuta emota uye mana marita epende pinda pasi kusvibisa marita miriyoni emvura yekunwa.
Marita mana epeturu inodururira pasi inosvibisa marita emamirioni matatu emvura.
Vanhu vane mabhiriyoni maviri pasi pano havana kuwana mvura yekunwa uye nekusviba kuri kuenderera kwemvura zvicharamba zvichinetsa kuzviita.
Nehurombo iyo zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura yakasvibiswa yakauraya vanhu vazhinji munhoroondo kupfuura chero hondo. Nhasi, vangangoita mamirioni mashanu vanhu vanofa gore rega rega munyika nekuda kwemvura yakasviba, ruzhinji rwenyika dzisina kusimukira.
Kunyangwe, nyika dzekutanga dzepasirose hadzina kununurwa kubva mukusvibiswa kwemvura zvakare. Semuenzaniso mu United States dzinenge hafu yemakungwa emunyika akasvibiswa kuti vagadzire hove kana kudyiwa nevanhu
ari nyika dzakabudirira ivo zvakare vane basa rekukasira kwakawanda kusvibisa mvura. Inofungidzirwa kuti makota matatu ekuburitswa kwemaindasitiri anokandwa mugungwa pasina chero mhando yekurapwa, ndiko kuti, anobatsira zvakanyanya kukusvibisa mvura.
Iwo manhamba anowedzera zvakanyanya kana isu tichitaura nezve iyo nyika dziri kusimukira. Ivo havana indasitiri yakawanda senyika dzakabudirira, asi masisitimu ekurapa marara anonyanya kunetsekana, saka madhiri anokandwa mugungwa pasina kurapwa zvinosvika 90%.
Mvura yepasi
Kunyangwe idzo dzinonzi pamusoro pemvura, senzizi dzambotaurwa, makungwa, makungwa nemakungwa, iwo anogamuchira kukurisa uye kutarisisa Kumisa kusvibiswa kwemvura, mvura yepasi haina kukodzera kukanganikwa. Saizvozvo, aquifers Iwo ndeimwe yenzvimbo huru dzemvura yekudiridzira neyekushandisa kwevanhu iripo.
Mvura nyowani inopihwa nenzizi nemadhamu yaisakwanira kuzadzisa zvido zvekushandisa mvura zvazvino.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakakosha kuchengetedza mvura yepasi yedambudziko rekusvibiswa. Kunyangwe ivo vasina hanya nedambudziko iri sezvakaita pamusoro pemvura, sezvo nzvimbo yavo mukati mepasi inoshanda sedziviriro mune izvi. Kunyangwe, izvo zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa kuti, kana zvangoshatiswa, nzvimbo yavo inoita kuti zviome kwazvo kuchenesa, ichiparadzira kukuvara kwehutachiona pamusoro penhamba huru dzedunhu dzakasiyana pamusoro pemakore.
Nzira yakajairika kwazvo iyo yemvura yepasi pevhu inoshatiswa iri kuburikidza idonha rinogadzirwa netsvina, zvigadzirwa zvine muchetura, zvine chepfu zvadira, zvine mwero zvine mwero, peteroli inodonha kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakafanana zvinopedzisira zvakandwa kana kukandwa pasi chaipo.
Izvi zvigadzirwa, pamusoro pekukuvara kwakakomba kwavanokonzeresa munzvimbo yavanosangana nepasi, vanopinda mukati mayo, zvishoma nezvishoma vachisvibisa mvura yemumvura inopfuura nemunzvimbo idzi. Saizvozvowo, kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa muvhu repasi, senge septic matangi kana makemikari marara maturaIzvo zvakare zvinoguma nekudonha kusingaonekwe uku kunoguma kwashatisa sosi dzemvura dzinofudza zvirimwa, mhuka nevanhu zvakaenzana.
Kune rimwe divi, mvura yepasi pevhu inogara ichisvibiswa ne mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka nefetiraiza ayo anoshandiswa muzvirimwa zvavanodyisa pachavo. Sezvakaitika muzviitiko zvakapfuura, zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinotakura zvigadzirwa izvi zvinopinda mukati mevhu, zvichizopedzisira zvave mumvura dzepasi pevhu.
Chekupedzisira, chekupedzisira pazvikonzero zvakanyanya kukonzera iyo kusvibiswa kwemumvura ndewako kunyanya kushandisa. Mvura yepasi pasi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakurima, zvipfuyo kana nemhando dzese dzevagadziri, saka zviwanikwa izvi zviri kuperawo. Mvura yemvura iri kuoma inogona kupa mvura ine munyu kana yakasviba kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, inozotevera nzira imwe chete asi isina zvinobatsira zvakasiiwa nemvura yepasi.
Uku kusingagumi, kwakanyarara uye zvisingaite zvisingaonekwe kusvibiswa kuri zvinotyisa zvinoparadza, nekuti nayo zvinorwadza zvakanyanya matunhu ese uye zvipenyu izvo zvavanosangana nazvo parwendo rwavo. Hunhu hwerudzi urwu rwemvura, sekutaura kwatamboita, zvinoita kuti zvisave nyore yakachena kamwe yakasvibiswa, Uyezve, hunyanzvi hwakaedzwa mumakore achangopfuura hauna kupa mhedzisiro yakawanda. Naizvozvo, nzira chete iripo yekuva nemvura yakachena ndeyekudzivirira nekuti, kana yangoshatiswa, aya emvura epasi achaparadzira huipi hwavo kunzvimbo dzese dzavanopfuura vasina kana kukwanisa kuita chero chinhu kuti vadzivise.
Kusvibiswa kwemvura
Zvinoenderana nedhata iyo United Nations Development Chirongwa UNDP1.100 miriyoni vanhu havana mukana wemvura yekunwa uye dzimwe nyika dziri pamuganhu wekushandisa kwavo zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Dhata kubva kuUN uye WHO
Vamwe data yevakuru vepasirese vakaita seUN kana WHO ndeaya:
- 2.600 mabhiriyoni evanhu havana masisitimu ehutsanana.
- La chirwere iyo inokonzeresa mvura yakasviba ndiyo yechipiri inotungamira kukonzera kufa kwecheche, ndiko kuti, zviuru zvishanu zvevana zvinofa pazuva pasi rese, kana mamirioni maviri pagore
Tinogona kusimbisa kuti manyoka aya anokonzera kufa kwevacheche vazhinji angadai akadzivirirwa nekugeza maoko nesipo nemvura, zvirwere zvakawanda zvaizodzikiswa dai mvura, hutsanana uye mabasa ehutsanana akapihwa zvirinani.
Maererano ne World Hutano Sangano (WHO), inovimbisa kuti mushure mekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze hutano hwanyanya, 25% yehuwandu hwepasi rose hwakabatana nekushaikwa kwekuwana mvura yekunwa, kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye hutsanana hwakashata.
