nyaya uye bhasikoro evolution Kwanga kwanyanya mumakore. Yakapfuura nemushanduko dzakawanda nekuvandudzwa kuti tive izvo zvatinoziva nhasi. Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sechinhu chiri nyore kugadzirwa, hachisi. Mushure memhando dzakawanda dzebhasikoro, tanga tichigadzira zvikamu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kusvika tawana bhasikoro razvino.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pekushanduka kwebhasikoro, ndezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana zvakave zviripo uye kuti zvakashanduka sei mumakore.
Kwakabva bhasikoro
Kubva panguva yekare kusvika panguva ino, pane uchapupu hwokuti munhu akashandisa pfungwa yemavhiri maviri akabatanidzwa uye tsvimbo kwemazana emakore sechimiro chekufamba mupfungwa dzake. Zvinokwanisika kuti panguva yeEgypt yekare mudziyo wakafanana nebhasikoro waifungwa nezvawo. Muchokwadi, hieroglyph paLuxor Obelisk ikozvino muParis Square yakatsaurirwa kuna Ramses II uye inoratidza murume achifamba nemavhiri maviri munenge muna 1300 BC pabhawa yakachinjika.
Imwe Middle East, vaBhabhironi, vakabatanidza mudziyo wakaita sebhasikoro mune chimwe chezvishongedzo zvavo zvebas-relief. VaRoma vanoita sevakafungawo izvi, sezvinoratidzwa mumifananidzo yakavezwa yakawanikwa mumatongo ePompeii. Iwe unogona kuona mamwe magiraidhi akafanana neLuxor Obelisk.
Muiyi cathedral yokuvandudzwa muBuckinghamshire, England, mune mufananidzo wengirozi duku inoratidzika kuva yakatasva rudzi rwechienzi rwebhasikoro; kubva 1580.
Zvakare mumufananidzo wakaitwa naLeonardo da Vinci anenge mazana mana emakore apfuura, zvinoshamisa kuona chinhu chakagadzirwa chinoita senge bhasikoro.
Kunyange zvazvo nhau inorondedzerwa ingava yetsaona, tichirangarira kuti vanhu vave vachishandisa mavhiri kwamakore 5.000 XNUMX, zvokwadi ndeyokuti kutozosvikira pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, hapana akafunga nezvokubatanidza mavhiri maviri ndokugara patsvimbo inoabatanidza. Ngatitarisei kwakabva bhasikoro.
Muna 1645, mumwe murume wechiFrench ainzi Jean Théson akatora mufananidzo weHulk, waakadana kuti "celeriferous," achifamba akananga mumigwagwa yeFontainebleau. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti yakanga yatova mudhudhudhu, kunyange zvazvo yakanga isingambofanane nezvatinonzwisisa nhasi. Rwendo rwake rupfupi nekuti hapana nzira yenzira isati yagadzirwa kuti imutungamirire. Muna 1790, the Count de Sivrac akatasva vhiri remavhiri mumigwagwa yeParis kubva pachikomo, kune kuseka kwevaoni uye kunyomba kwevakuru vakuru.
Zvadaro, French M. Blanchard naM. Masurier vakagadzira motokari iyo tsanangudzo yakaonekwa muParis Review muna 1799 pasi pezita rokuti vélocipèdes kana tsoka dzakareruka. Mambo Louis XVI naMarie Antoinette vepanguva iyoyo vakafarira pfungwa iyi zvekuti vakatsigira kugadzirwa uku uye vakakurudzira vanoisimudzira.
Blanchard naMasuriel, machinist nenyanzvi dzefizikisi zvichiteerana, vakashandisa mazano kubva muzana ramakore rapfuura aJacques Ozanam, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakangwara ine vanachiremba vakakurudzira kuvaka bhasikoro rinozivikanwa mumazuva ake semakanika, iro vhiri rekumashure raifambiswa nebhuraketi raigona kutenderera seguyo. mhepo. Zvakadaro, pamwe mapoto anopenga emuzana ramakore rechi XNUMX haakodzeri kunzi mabhasikoro nekuti aimbove nemavhiri anodarika maviri.
uyo akatanga bhasikoro
Kana iwe uchinetseka kuti riini uye ndiani akagadzira bhasikoro? Unoziva, mabhasikoro ekutanga akaonekwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Muna 1818, Baron Carl von Drais von Sauerbronn akagadzira treadmill uye akaita patent pasi pezita rokuti vélocipède. Vanhu vakakurumbira pasi pezita reDraisiana.
Nekuda kuziva, zita rakazara rabaron ndiKarl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais von Sauerbronn. Ndizvozvo, nepo Draisian iine chidhiraivho chinotenderera, hachisi chaicho chibatiso. Carl von Drais's grotesque contraption, yakafuridzirwa ne Count of Sivrac's invention, yakafambiswa netsoka, uye sezvo ketani yekufambisa yakanga isati yagadzirwa, kuonekwa kwayo mumigwagwa yeParis pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe kwakakonzera kuda kuziva uye imwe nzira. huwandu hwekutarisisa uye kunyomba.
Haasi munhu wose anotsunga kuchovha bhasikoro seizvi, asi mumwe mushandi wokuParis anonzi J. Lallement akashinga kuchovha Hulk nomumigwagwa yeParis nemhaka yokuti mutasvi webhasikoro wokutanga munhau akabatwa nevaya vasina kuburuka mumotokari yake itsva. Akazeza kumutema nematombo. Pamusoro pazvo, mapurisa akazomusungawo paruzhinji.
Zvisinei, motokari yekare yaVon Drais yakanga ine chidhiraivho chinonzi laufmascine, kana kuti treadmill. Makore maviri gare gare, Dennis Johnson aive muLondon achigadzira Playboys yeguta. Mushandisi wayo mukuru ndiye Regent, iyo inoenda nezita rekuti Playboy Horse kana Hobby Horse. Asi chokwadi kugadzirwa hakuna kukwana.
bhasikoro evolution
Sezvatakambotaura pakutanga, bhasikoro harina kumira kuvandudza kana kushanduka kubva payakagadzirwa, kusvika rasvika panzira yatinoziva nayo nhasi. Tinodzidza nezvavo zvakadzama:
Uye 1839, Scot Kirkpatrick Macmillan akagadzira bhasikoro rekutanga. Kwenguva yokutanga zvakanga zvichibvira kuchovha bhasikoro pasina tsoka dzomuchairi webhasikoro dzichiisundidzira zvakananga, asi kupfurikidza namapedali; zvibatiso zvave zviripo kubvira 1817.
Bhasikoro iroro rakasiyana nekuti rine mavhiri maviri emapuranga nerimu resimbi. Vhiri guru rine masendimita makumi matatu pakufara uye mamwe masendimita makumi mana. Muna 1861, mupfuri wesimbi wekuFrance Pierre Michaux akafunga kuwedzera mapedal kuvhiri remberi reDraisian. Anozivikanwa semumwe wemapiyona ekuchovha bhasikoro, asi zvakare, Philip Moritx kana Galloux vane hunhu hwavo.
Chigadzirwa chaMichaux chainzi "Michaulina" uye chakapinda mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakurumbira muFrance. Mapedhi ari pavhiri remberi, iro rakagadzirwa nematanda, uye tambo dzesimbi dzinosangana nepasi. Bhasikoro iri rakakwana. Yekutanga kuve nechain drive yakagadzirwa naJames Slater muna 1864; makore matanhatu gare gare, James Staley akapa waya spokes yemavhiri. Muna 1874, Staley akagadzira bhasikoro revakadzi.
Evolution yebhasikoro yemazuva ano
Kemp ndiye baba veindasitiri yemabhasikoro, muna 1885 akagadzira bhasikoro reRover, iro yaimhanya, yakasununguka, iri nyore kubata, uye iri nani kupfuura yasekuru vake James. Yatova bhasikoro remazuva ano, rine mavhiri maviri ehukuru hwakafanana, cheni uye giya drive, pedals, cranks, diamond furemu uye yakananga drive diagonal fork.
Nekugadzirwa kwetai repneumatic muna 1888, bhasikoro raizova bazi rine simba reindasitiri yemitambo uye kupa chigadzirwa chakachengeteka, uye kusimuka kwaro kwakaita kuti bhasikoro rinzi mutambo weOlympic paMitambo yeOlympic yemazuva ano yekutanga muna 1896.
Tsvagiridzo yakawanda yakapinda munzira yekuvandudza nekuvandudza mabhasikoro. Nzira inoshanda zvikuru inozivikanwa ndeyekushandura kuedza kwevanhu kuita simba. Dzakawanda shanduko dzinoita sedzakareruka uye dzinowanzo batsira imwe mhando yebhasikoro, senge bhasikoro remugomo rinovhundutsa kana mijaho yemujaho.
Nhamburiko shoma yakaitwa kugadzirazve mabhasikoro munzira ipi neipi ine revo. Imwe yekuedza kwakadaro yaive "Moulton Bicycle," iyo yaisangova nemavhiri madiki (kudzikisa kudhonza), asi zvakare yakagadziridza mashandiro aiita chassis.
Harry Bickerton's kupeta bhasikoro kwaiva kuedza kugadzira bhasikoro raigona kupetwa zviri nyore uye kutakurwa nemabatiro. Kune zvakare mabhasikoro WO 97/29008, "pedal-powered sailboat", uye US 5342074, bhasikoro revanhu vaviri rine furemu yakanamirwa.
Imwe pfungwa itsva ingangove yakatangira muna 1901 neUS patent 690733 naHarold Jarvis (bhasikoro rebhasikoro), akaedza kugadzirisa pfungwa yese nekuisa mutasvi panzvimbo yekunyepa pane kugara akati twasa. Aya mamodheru arikuonekwa zvakanyanya mumigwagwa.
Bhasikoro iri recumbent rakagadzirwa naRichard Forrestal, Wilmington, naDavid Gordon Wilson veFomac Inc muWilmington, Massachusetts, USA.Rakaiswa musi wa26 Zvita rikaburitswa seWO 81/01821 uye US 4283070. Chikonzero chinoita kuti pashaikwe mubato ndechekuti iyo patent iri kukwanisa kugadzirisa chigaro chiri padhuze kana kupfuudza kubva pamapedals kuti chigare vanhu vehurefu hwakasiyana.
Iyo patent inopa zvikonzero zvakawanda nei dhizaini iyi iri nani kune yakajairwa bhasikoro. Kunyanya mutasvi nyaradzo, kutsigira shure pakufamba kwenguva refu uye kuchengeteka. Nzvimbo yepasi yegiravhiti uye chinzvimbo chemutasvi zvinoreva kuti mutasvi anogona kubhureka zviri nyore mune chero rudzi rwekudhumhana; iwe kashoma kuti udzingwe; iwe unogona kubatisisa zvirinani netsoka dzako, izvo zvichatakura dambudziko rekudhumhana, kwete musoro wako kana muviri.
Zvakare, sezvo mapedhi akareba uye asinganyanyi kukwenya pasi, zviri nyore kuita majana akasimba uye (zvinoshamisa zvakakwana) nyore kune vanochovha mabhasikoro kutaura nevatyairi vemotokari.
Hapana kumhanya kwakakwira kunodiwa. Zvichida chikuru chinokanganisa chitarisiko chayo chisina kunaka uye njodzi yekufamba wakatsikitsira. Kune mhando nhatu dzemabhasikoro erecumbent:
- Long Wheelbase Recumbent Bike
- Short Base Recumbent Bike
- Recumbent mabhasikoro ane pedals pamberi pevhiri remberi pane kumashure.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kwakabva uye kushanduka kwebhasikoro mumakore apfuura.