Mafuta efossil anga ari injini yekuvandudza tekinoroji yevanhu uye nekuda kwavo takwanisa kuita shanduko yemaindasitiri seyataive nayo. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira uye kwakanyanyisa kuri kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kwezvakatipoteredza. Iye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemafuta efossil yave ichiwedzera kwemakumi emakore uye hairegi kuwedzera.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza nezve kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemafuta ezvicherwa, kuti anotikanganisa sei isu nepasi, uye ndezvipi zvakanakira kuderedza kushandiswa kwavo.
Ndezvipi izvozvo
Fossil mafuta zviwanikwa zvinoumba pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore kubva kune zvipenyu zvakaputsika mukupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa. Oiri, gasi rechisikigo, uye marasha ndiwo matatu anonyanya kuzivikanwa marudzi efossil anoshandiswa kugadzira simba nhasi.
Mafuta aya isimba rine simba uye simba rakawanda iro rakakuchidzira kukura kwehupfumi uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi kweanopfuura zana ramakore. Zviwanikwa izvi ndidzo hwaro hwemaindasitiri nenzanga dzemazuva ano, uye zvakakosha kuti vanhu vakwanise kuita mabasa emazuva ese akadai sekutyaira mota kana kuve nemagetsi.
Migumisiro yekushandiswa kwayo
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta efossil kune mhedzisiro yakaipa kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Kupisa mafuta ezvicherwa kunogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemagasi egreenhouse, akadai secarbon dioxide, ayo anokonzera kudziya kwepasi uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, kutorwa uye kutakurwa kwemafuta ezvicherwa kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pane ecosystem, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa nepasi uye maruva.
Sezvo vanhu vachitsvaga kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta efossil, matekinoroji matsva emafuta ari kutsvagirwa nekuvandudzwa. renewable energy, sezuva nemhepo, izvo zvisinganyanyi kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza uye vanogona kupa imwe yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka kune imwe nzira kune fossil mafuta. Mukuwedzera, matanho ekugadzirisa simba ari kukurudzirwa, zvakadai sekuvandudzwa kwekufambisa kwekufambisa uye kuvakwa kwezvivako zvakanyanyisa, kuti kuwedzere kushandiswa kwesimba nenzira ine mutoro uye inoziva.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemafuta efossil
Kupisa kwemafuta ezvicherwa kunoburitsa magasi akawanda egreenhouse, akadai secarbon dioxide, methane, nenitrous oxide, ayo ari kukonzera kudziya kwepasi nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Fossil mafuta zvakare inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo nemvura. Kana mafuta ezvicherwa achipisa, magasi ane muchetura akadai secarbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, uye maokisijeni enitrogen anoburitswa, anogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu pamwe nenharaunda. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta efossil kunogona kusvibisa mvura yepasi nevhu.
Kumwe kukanganisa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza kwemafuta efossil kushatiswa kwenzvimbo uye kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara. Kuchera kazhinji kunosanganisira kubviswa kwemasango akakura uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvechisikigo, izvo zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa pazvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuenzanisa kwezvisikwa.
Kunze kwekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uku, kutsamira pamafuta ezvicherwa kunewo zvakanakira hupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika. Nyika zhinji dzinotsamira padziri paupfumi hwadzo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kunetsana pamwe nekunetsana kwenyika. Kusamira zvakanaka kwemafuta nemimwe mitengo kunogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwenyika.
Maitiro ekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwefossil mafuta
Kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzemafuta efossil kwakakosha nekuti zvinodzikisira zvese zvinokanganisa nharaunda dzavanogadzira. Nokuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, mubvunzo wekuti nyika ichapera rini mafuta inogona kuiswa parutivi, nokuti ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kunetseka munyika, uye sezvatinoziva tose, kana izvi zvichienderera mberi, hapazovi nemafuta emafuta. mumakore mashoma, kuti dzingave dzakakura zvakakwana kuti dzizadzise zvinodikanwa zvenyika.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti gasi rechisikigo ndiro ridiki rinosvibisa remafuta ese efossil. Nekudaro, mamwe mafuta kune efossil anogona kuva:
- chibage ethanol kana zvimwe zvirimwa, izvo zvinoburitsa mashoma egreenhouse gasi.
- Biodiesel Inotorwa kubva kumafuta emhuka nemafuta emuriwo, inoburitsa zvishoma zvinosvibisa pane petroleum-based biodiesel.
- hydrogen, Kunyangwe ichigadzirwa kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa semarasha, kana zvakare nehydroelectric kana nuclear power, haibudisi zvinosvibisa kana ichishandiswa mumotokari.
- Imwe sarudzo ye kugadzirwa kwesimba ndiko kusarudza zviwanikwa zvinogoneka, nokudaro kutora mukana wezuva, mhepo kana hydraulic simba.
Mukuwedzera, mamwe magadzirirwo ezuva nezuva evanhu ndeekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye nokudaro kuve nemhosva yekushandiswa kwayo. Nezvekushandiswa kwechifambiso, kana zvichidikanwa, shandisa zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kana mabhasikoro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Zvakanakira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta efossil
Kuderedza kushandiswa kwefossil mafuta kunoderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunobata hutano hwedu. Kubatsira kukuru kunouya kana tikaderedza kushandiswa kwedu kwemarasha, ayo anoburitsa mapapu-akanaka zvimedu, magasi esulfurous uye oxides yenitrogen (NOx), kunyangwe pasi pemitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza. Mafuta emotokari anoburitsawo zvinhu, mahydrocarbon anokonzera chiutsi, uye maokisijeni enitrogen. Gasi rechisikigo rinopisa zvakachena: haibudisi zvidimbu, sulfur kana mercury, asi inobudisa nitrogen oxides uye carbon dioxide.
Kuderedza kushandiswa kwefossil mafuta kunoderedzawo magasi egreenhouse. Kunyangwe CO2 pachayo isiri muchetura, ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekupisa kwepasi uye ine simba rayo pachayo pahutano hwevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushushikana kwekupisa, madutu ane simba zvikuru, kusanaya kwemvura zvakanyanya nemafashamo, kupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira, uye kunyange kushomeka kwekudya.
Nezvikonzero zvese izvi, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakazivisa muna 2009 kuti carbon dioxide kubva mukupisa kwemahydrocarbons inokuvadza kuhutano hwevanhu, uye Dare Repamusorosoro rakatsigira chisarudzo ichocho. Migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze yakaonekwa sedambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu muzana rino remakore.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemafuta emafuta uye zvinogoneka mhinduro.