Mabasa evanhu anobereka inorganic tsvina, izvo zvisiri zvipenyu tsvina. Tsvina idzi dzinenge dzisiri-biodegradable kana kuti biodegradable kwenguva yakareba. Mienzaniso yemarara emhando iyi inosanganisira tsvina yemakemikari, tsvina yemagetsi, tsvina yesimbi, mapurasitiki, mapepa, makadhibhokisi, girazi, machira ekugadzira uye matayi, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti chii chinonyanya kukosha inorganic marara, kupatsanurwa kwayo uye maitiro ayo.
Inorganic tsvina
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa marara inorganic, senge chimiro chayo, kwainobva, kana kuti inogadzirwa nei. Panyaya yechimiro chemuviri, inorganic tsvina inogona kuve yakasimba, mvura kana gasi. Nezvekwakabva, inogona kubva munzvimbo dzemumaguta, nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, mabasa emigodhi, Etc.
Kana zvasvika pakuumbwa kwemarara einorganic, kune huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvikamu. Purasitiki, mapepa nekadhibhodhi, magirazi uye tsvina inemwaranzi inongori mimwe mienzaniso. Kunyatsogadziriswa kwetsvina inosvibisa kwakakosha, kuchiisa muzvikamu zvezvinhu zvinogoneka kana kushandiswa zvakare uye izvo zvisiri.
Kuti uderedze zvinokuvadza zveinorganic tsvina pane zvakatipoteredza, zvakakosha kuigadzira nekuirasa nemazvo. Nzira dzekurapa dzakananga dzinoshandiswa dzinoenderana nehunhu hwemarara asina kugadzirwa ari mubvunzo. Semuyenzaniso, girazi rinopwanywa uye kunyungudutswa kuti rifambise kudzokorodza, nepo radioactive zvinhu zvinovharirwa zvakachengetedzeka mukati memidziyo uye zvinochengetwa mugeological repositories.
Kusati kwatanga kurapwa, zvakakosha kunyatsorongedza uye kurasa tsvina yeinorganic. Kuti uite izvi, midziyo chaiyo inotarirwa rudzi rumwe norumwe rwemarara kana nzvimbo dzakatarwa, dzakadai senzvimbo dzakachena, dzakagadzirirwa kuraswa zvakakodzera.
Sarudzo, disassembly, kuburitsa uye fusion maitiro anoiswa kune inorganic tsvina inowanikwa mumarara emagetsi. Zvadaro, zvikamu zvinoshandiswa patsva, kushandiswazve kana kuraswa.
Mhando huru
Chikuru chinosiyanisa hunhu hwezvinhu izvi kushaikwa kweiyo organic mavambo, izvo zvinoreva kuti hazvibvi kune zvipenyu uye hazvigone kuviriswa. Naizvozvo, Izvo hazvigone kubatanidzwazve mumasikirwo echisikigo kana, kana zvikadaro, zvinoda nguva yakareba yenguva.
Kuti udzivise chero mhedzisiro inokuvadza pane zvakatipoteredza, zvinodikanwa kutungamira matanho chaiwo ekubata nezvinhu izvi. Oiri inosara, ichiverengerwa seinorganic, ine mukana wekuita biodegradation kuburikidza nekuita kweiyo bhakitiriya.
Plastics nezvimwe zvinobva, pane kudaro, Zvinotora mazana kana kuti zviuru zvemakore kuti zviore.
Kana zvisiri-organic zvinhu zvinounzwa munzvimbo dzechisikigo, zvinowanzokonzera kusvibiswa kukuru nekuda kwekuumbwa kwavo. Sezvineiwo, kana zvinhu zvabviswa kubva mumatenderedzwa azvo echisikigo uye zvichidzoserwa munharaunda, kusaenzana kunokuvadza kunogadzirwa.
Classification uye mienzaniso inorganic tsvina
Kurongeka kwetsvina inorganic inogona kuenderana nemamiriro ayo, kwaakabva kana kuumbwa.
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chako
Solid inorganic tsvina
Semuenzaniso tine zvinhu zvepurasitiki, mapepa nemakadhibhokisi, zvidimbu zvegirazi, marara, tsvina yemagetsi nemabhatiri.
Inorganic tsvina mumhando yemvura
Mhando dzese dzemarara dzisiri-organic dzakagadzirwa mudzimba, maindasitiri, migodhi, zvekurima uye zvipfuyo zviitiko zvinosanganisirwa mukati mechikamu chekushandisa.
Inorganic tsvina mune yayo gasi chimiro
Iwo magasi ari kutaurwa anogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaindasitiri maitiro, kushanda kweinjini dzinopisa kana kupisa kwemarara.
Zvichienderana nekwawakabva
Marara munzvimbo dzemumaguta
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemarara dzinogadzirwa mudzimba dzekugara, mahofisi, maresitorendi uye masangano edzidzo, senge bepa, makadhibhokisi, girazi, mabhodhoro, ceramics nemarambi. Zvinhu izvi zvinoumba inorganic tsvina.
Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepurasitiki nesimbi zvinowanikwa mumagetsi nemagetsi. Saizvozvo, zvakasiyana-siyana zvepurasitiki zvinhu zvakaita sekucheka, mahwendefa, mabhodhoro nemabhegi anonyanya kugadzirwa epurasitiki.
Mutsvina yemumba zvisaririra zveakasiyana makemikari zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa, senge detergents, chlorine, thinners, pendi, oiri. (kusanganisira mafuta emotokari akamboshandiswa) nemishonga yezvipembenene.
Marara anogadzirwa nemaindasitiri
Huwandu hwechikamu ichi hwakakura zvakanyanya uye hunogona kuverengerwa zvakare zvichienderana neakasiyana maindasitiri zvikamu, imwe neimwe inoburitsa yayo yakasarudzika mhando yemarara. Kazhinji, iyo indasitiri ine basa rekugadzira inorganic solid tsvina, effluents nemagasi, mazhinji acho ane chekuita kwakakura pamazinga ekusvibiswa.
Blast furnace smelting sludge, inozivikanwa nekuwanda kwesimbi inorema uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, inoisa njodzi yakakura senzira yemarara ane njodzi mumaindasitiri. Saizvozvo, kuraswa kwemarara eradioactive kubva kumagetsi emagetsi ethermonuclear kunopa matambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza.
Tsvina inogadzirwa nemabasa emigodhi
Pakati pemhando dzinonetsa dzemarara anogadzirwa nemabasa emigodhi isimbi dzinorema senge mercury, lead uye arsenic, inozivikanwa nokuda kwekusvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Tsvina inogadzirwa nemafuta nezvinobuda pairi
Munguva yese yekushandiswa kwemafuta maitiro, chigadzirwa chinozivikanwa sekubvisa sludge chinogadzirwa, icho chine huwandu hwakanyanya hwesimbi inorema. Uyezve, Oiri tsvina inogadzirwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa.
Iyo petrochemical sector inogadzirawo tsvina inokuvadza zvakanyanya kunharaunda, uye oiri inoshanda sesosi yemarara epurasitiki uye matai akaraswa.
Marara anokonzerwa nekurima nezvipfuyo
Matambudziko akakomba ekusvibisa anomuka kubva mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingadzokerikezve inorganic zvigadzirwa zvakaita semishonga yezvipembenene nefetereza mukurima nezvipfuyo.
Utsanana tsvina
Tichifunga nezvemaitiro ekushanda kwavo, zvipatara nenzvimbo dzekurapa zvinoburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwemarara uye inorganic tsvina, iyo inoda kutariswa kwakanyanya uye manejimendi.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu zvisingaite zvinogadzirwa sechikamu chemarara, senge sirinji, scalpels uye masara emishonga zvinhu. Uyezve, Kuraswa kwemarara emagetsi kunobatsira kuvepo kwezvikamu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya zveradioactive.
Marara anogadzirwa muzvirongwa zvekuvaka
Izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita semarara ekuvaka uye zvimedu zvesimbi, izvo zvinowanzonetsa kurasa nekuda kwehukuru hwazvo.
Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwayo
Plastiki
Plastiki, iyo iri mucherechedzo wekusiyana-siyana, yave iyo yekuenda kune zvinhu munguva yemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha chezvakawanda zvinogadzirwa. Kana zvasvika kune inorganic tsvina, mapurasitiki anotonga uye Vanoisa nzvimbo yekutanga maererano nekuumbwa.
Yakawanda tsvina yepurasitiki ine mabhodhoro, mabhegi uye cutlery, asi inogonawo kuwanikwa mumarara emagetsi, mota dzakaraswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo.
Kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemapurasitiki kwakakosha nekuda kwenguva yavo yekuparara kwenguva refu, inotora mazana uye kunyange zviuru zvemakore. Uyezve, Kunyange mukukamukana kwayo, purasitiki inoramba ichisvibisa uye kusvibisa mhoteredzo.
Chinhu chikuru chinowanikwa mune izvo zvinonzi zvitsuwa zvemarara zvakapararira mumakungwa zvese zvine zvidimbu zvidiki zvepurasitiki. Muna 2010, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinoshamisa mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe ane matani emarara epurasitiki akagadzirwa munyika 275 dzemahombekombe.
Mapepa uye mapepa
Panyaya yechiyero, ivo vanotora chinzvimbo chechipiri maererano nemararamiro emarara. Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi ndiko kugadzirwa kwakakosha kwepepa remarara muzvikamu zvekutonga uye zvedzidzo.
Kadhibhodhi, inonyanya kushandiswa semidziyo yekurongedza (mabhokisi), inoumba chikamu chakakosha chemarara. Zvisinei, Mukana unocherechedzwa weiyi fomu reinorganic tsvina iri mukugadzika kwayo, sezvo inogona kushandiswazve pasina kushanda nesimba.
Zvinhu zvinoenderana segirazi, crystal uye porcelain
Silika, sodium carbonate uye limestone chikamu chekuumbwa kwegirazi, nepo crystal ine potassium hydroxide uye lead oxide. Kune rumwe rutivi, porcelain inoumbwa nekaolin, feldspar, quartz uye mvura.
Girazi, kristaro uye porcelain vanoona tembiricha yekunyungudika kwakasiyana panguva yekugadzira kwavo, saka zvakakosha kuti udzivise kusanganisa iwo muchikamu chasara. Girazi rinoda midziyo yakatsaurirwa, nepo porcelain nekristaro zvisingaite maitiro ekudzokorodza..
Kudzokorodza kunova dambudziko nekuda kwekuvapo kwemidziyo yegirazi nemidziyo ine zvinhu zvine njodzi. Muchikamu ichi, ma thermometers akatyoka anomira paari mecury, ukuwo mabhodhoro emakemikari emurabhoritari anogona kunge aine chepfu.
Zvitima
Kudzokorodza kunovhara kwete chete zvinhu zvesimbi zvinowanikwa mumidziyo uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvimedu zvesimbi zvakaita semhangura nerata, asiwo midziyo yemukicheni, magaba nemotokari.
Makemikari
Kemikari tsvina iyo isiri ye organic mavambo inopa kusiyana kwakasiyana uye inogadzirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvezviitiko zvevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa zvemumba, pigment yekudhinda machira, pamwe nemarara kubva kuchikamu chekugadzira makemikari.
Mafuta uye pendi
Chikwata ichi chinosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana se pendi, mavara, varnishes, lacquers, sealants, enamels uye inorganic oiri, iyo inogonawo kusanganisira yakashandiswa mafuta emotokari. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvine zvinhu zvinobva mupetroleum.
Zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza magetsi uye masero emagetsi
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwayo, zvakadai semhangura, zinc, aluminium, lithium, manganese dioxide, mercury uye acids. Aya mabhatiri ane zvakakosha zvakatipoteredza, sezvakaratidzwa nekuti imwe alkaline bhatiri ine simba rekusvibisa kusvika ku175 zviuru marita emvura.
Marimu
Nyaya yematairi akaraswa inomutsa kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwehuwandu hwemafuta anoshandiswa mukugadzira kwawo. Semuyenzaniso, Kugadzira vhiri rerori imwe chete kunoda kushandiswa kwehafu yedhiramu remafuta asina kuchena.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuumbwa kunosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekabhoni, machira, makemikari ekuwedzera, rabha rechisikigo uye simbi.
Electronic tsvina
Mamiriro uye magadzirirwo emidziyo iyi yakaoma uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu uye zvikamu zvakaita sesimbi, mapurasitiki, magasi uye zvinwiwa. Naizvozvo, kana zvishandiso izvi zvabviswa, zvinoda manejimendi chaiwo uye kurapwa.
Zvishandiso zvinoburitsa mwaranzi
Radioactive tsvina zvinhu kana midziyo, kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana senge indasitiri, tsvakiridzo nemishonga, zvine radioactive zvinhu. Zvishandiso izvi inoda chaiyo yekubata maprotocol zvichienderana nehuwandu hwavo hweradioactivity, nokuda kwenjodzi dzavanoberekwa nadzo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve inorganic tsvina uye maitiro ayo.