Kuti udzivise kusvibiswa kwakanyanya mumhepo, kutakurwa neruzhinji kunoshandiswa. Panzvimbo pekufambisa makumi mashanu emota mumugwagwa, mota imwechete inoburitsa magasi inogona kukwana vanhu makumi mashanu (mune bhazi) uye vanhu vanopfuura mazana mashanu nechitima. Naizvozvo, kusimudzira zvifambiso zveruzhinji chombo chemeso pakurwisa kudziya kwepasi.
Zvifambiso zveruzhinji zvichasimudzirwa sei?
Kusvibisa uye kutakura veruzhinji
Kutakura ndiyo chikonzero che25% yepasi rose gasi rinoburitsa gasi (kazhinji kubva ku CO2). Naizvozvo, kusimudzira zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kudzikisa huwandu hwedzimotokari dziri kutenderera kunozotibatsira kunzvenga kudziya kwepasi kunoenderera.
Sangano reUrban Collective Transport Operators (ATUC) rinoona kuti nekusimudzirwa kwekukura kwezvifambiso zveruzhinji zvinoita kusvika 7,5 mamirioni evashandisi vezuva nezuva kubva parizvino mamirioni 4,5, iyo yaizobvumidza kufamba kwakasimba uye kune zvakatipoteredza.
Nevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni matatu vanoshandisa mota yavo pachinzvimbo chekutakura veruzhinji, kusvibisa mweya, matambudziko ehutano uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinowedzera.
Chirevo chemusiyano mukuwedzera kwekufambisa kunoenderana nechidzidzo chinonzi 'Kuchenesa Musingaendi-Mufambi' chakagadzirirwa mu2016 neATUC muchibvumirano cheFreyimari neInstitute for Diversification uye Energy Saving (IDAE). Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora uye chinangwa chekusimudzira kudyara muzvivakwa zvekutakura veruzhinji mushure memamwe makore ekugadzirisa bhajeti.
Ruzhinji Rwekufambisa Mari Mari muSpain
Kuti chidzidzo chisunge uye zvirimo zviitiswe, zvakakosha kuti paumbwe mutemo unobata zvese zvinoitika. Mune ino kesi, ATUC inotaura izvo kuvandudzwa kweMutemo Wekutakura Veruzhinji Kutakura muSpain kwakakosha zvakanyanya, sezvo iri iyo yega nyika muEuropean Union isina mhando iyi yemitemo-yenyika pamusoro penyaya iyi.
Nemutemo unoraira gwara rinofanirwa neHurumende kupa mari yezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, mari inogona kupihwa kugadzirwa kwezvivakwa zvemumadhorobha zvinofambisa kuvakwa kwenzira uye nekugonesa nzvimbo dzezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kuwedzera ngarava dzayo nekuvandudza tekinoroji yayo.
Chimwe chiitiko chekutarisa mukuvandudza zvifambiso zveruzhinji kuwedzera kwemabhazi emahybrids kana emagetsi. Kusimudzira zero-emission kutakura kwakakosha kuti uwedzere kudzikisira kusvibiswa uye kutungamira kweSpanish kutakura yakanangana neshanduko yesimba zvichibva pane zvinowedzerwazve.
Kune rimwe divi, Spanish Coordinator wePublic, Social uye Sustainable Chitima, iyo Ecologistas en Acción iri chikamu, yakatumira tsamba kuGeneral Directorate of Mobility and Transport yeEuropean Commission (DG MOVE) nezve mamiriro njanji muSpain, uye hukama hwayo nePortugal nedzimwe EU dzese.
Mune ino chikamu pane kusaenzana mukudyara, nekuti mu "All AVE" 70% inoiswa mune yakasara yeiyo njanji, chete 30% ndiyo yakapihwa iyo. Kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu aya, Murongi anoda kuti European Union igadzire matanho ekudzivirira nekusimudzira mari muzvitima.
Deredza kusvibiswa
Pakupedzisira kwaNovember 2017, European Commission (EC) yakapa chirevo chepamutemo chinosimbisa miganho yakaoma pakusvibisa mweya kubva mumotokari kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvechibvumirano cheParis.
Urongwa uhu hunofanirwa kutaurirana neParamende neEuropean Council kuitira kuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi zvakatemwa muchibvumirano cheParis che kudzikisira kusvibiswa kwemweya ne40% na2030.
Zvisinei, maererano ne "air emissions accounts" yeNational Statistics Institute (INE) yakabudiswa munaNovember yapfuura, gasi yekudziya (GHG) muSpain yakakura ne3,5% muna 2015 zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura.
Iyo data yakaunganidzwa neINE inoratidza kuti dzimba dzegreenhouse gasi dzinobva mumota yavo, dzichisvika 71% yeiyo yakazara.