Nhasi tinouya kuzotaura nezve imwe simba rinowedzerwazve zvakadzama. Izvo ndezve hydropower. Asi isu hatisi kuzotaura nezvazvo pachayo, asi nezve iyo hydraulic magetsi chirimwa uko inogadzirwa uye kuitiswa. Iyo hydroelectric chirimwa yakakosha zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwesimba rinowedzerwazve kubva mumatura emvura. Uye zvakare, ine kumwe kushandiswa kwakawanda uye mabhenefiti evagari.
Muchikamu chino tichakurukura zvese zvakanakira nekuipira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi emagetsi uye tichaona mashandiro avo. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo? Ramba uchiverenga.
Chii chinonzi chirimwa chemagetsi
Kana isu tatanga gwenya remagetsi emvura, chatinovimba ndechekuti tigone kuburitsa simba kubva mumvura yakachengetwa mumatura. Chinhu chekutanga kuita kugadzira michina simba uye nekuishandura kuita simba remagetsi.
Iyo yekuunganidza mvura system inogadzirwa kugadzira kusaenzana kunobva kune simba rakaunganidzwa. Iyo mvura inodonhedzwa kuti iwane simba kuburikidza nemusiyano wegiravhiti. Kana mvura ikapfuura nepane turbine, inogadzira kufamba kwe rotary iyo inotyaira imwe alternator uye inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi.
Zvakanakira iyo hydroelectric chirimwa
Sezvauri kuona, izvi zvinounza mabhenefiti makuru kune huwandu hwevanhu uye kwete chete padanho remagetsi. Ngatiisei zvikomborero izvi kuti tizviongorore chimwe nechimwe:
- Isimba rinowedzerwazve. Mune mamwe mazwi, haina kupera munguva sezvinoita mafuta emafuta. Mvura pachayo haina muganho, asi ichokwadi kuti zvakasikwa zvinogara zvichitiunzira mvura. Nenzira iyi tinogona kupora uye kuramba tichishandisa sechinhu chinopa simba.
- Kuva zvakasikwa uye zvinowedzerwazve, hazvisvibise. Isimba rakachena.
- Sezvatakambotaura, hazvitibatsire chete mukuwanikwa kwesimba, asi zvakare zvinosanganiswa nezvimwe zviito zvakaita sekudzivirirwa kumafashama emvura, kudiridzira, kupihwa mvura, kugadzirwa kwemigwagwa, kushanya kana kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.
- Kunyangwe zvaunofunga, ese ari maviri ekushandisa uye ekugadzirisa mitengo yakaderera. Kana dhamu neyakaunganidzwa zvese zvange zvavakwa, kugadzirisa hakuna kuomarara zvachose.
- Kusiyana nedzimwe mhando dzesimba rekushandisa, iwo mabasa anoitwa kutora mukana werudzi urwu rwesimba ane hupenyu hwakareba hwakareba.
- Iyo turbine inoshandiswa kugadzira simba. Turbine iri nyore kushandisa, yakachengeteka uye inoshanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengo wekugadzira wakadzikira uye kuti unogona kutanga uye kumiswa nekukurumidza.
- Kazhinji inoda kuongororwa kune ivo vashandi, sezvo iri nyore nzvimbo yekuita.
Icho chete chokwadi chekuti iro rinogona kudzoreredzwa uye rakachena simba nemitengo yakaderera inoita kuti ive simba remakwikwi mumisika. Ichokwadi kuti ine zvayakaipira sezvatichaona pazasi, kunyangwe mabhenefiti akawanikwa ari akakosha zvakanyanya.
Kukanganisa kwemagetsi emagetsi
Zvisingashamisi, rudzi urwu rwesimba hausi ese mabhenefiti. Iyo ine zvimwe zvinokanganisa kana zvasvika pakugadzirwa uye ivo vanofanirwa zvakare kutariswa kana ichifanirwa kuiswa kupa huwandu hwevanhu kana, zvirinani, kuti vabatsire mukuvhara simba rekuda.
Tichaongorora kukanganisika kwerudzi urwu rwesimba:
- Sezvakatarisirwa, chirimwa chemagetsi inoda nzvimbo yakakura yenyika. Iyo saiti kwainoiswa inofanira kunge iine hunhu hwehunhu iyo inobvumira simba kuti riishandiswe nemazvo.
- Mari yekuvaka yemuchina wemagetsi inowanzo kuve yakakwiraSezvo iwe uchifanirwa kugadzirira ivhu, gadzira iyo sisitimu yekufambisa magetsi uye simba rakarasika mune ino yose nzira isingakwanise kuwanikwazve.
- Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvirimwa kana mamwe marudzi esimba rinowedzerwazve, kuvakwa kwechirimwa kunotora nguva yakareba.
- Zvichienderana nematanho emvura uye kudiwa kwevagari, kugadzirwa kwesimba hakuwanzo kugaroitika.
Iyo yekupedzisira inoitika nemhando zhinji dzesimba rinowedzerwazve. Iyo ndeimwe yematambudziko ayo mazhinji anofanirwa kuvharwa muchikamu chinogadziriswa. Kunge simba remhepo rinoda mhepo uye zuva Mushure memaawa mazhinji ekupenya kwezuva, ma hydraulics anoda mvura zhinji kuti ibudise mapopoma akanaka.
Kuita kuti kusagadzikana uku kuve kushoma, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nzira yekusarudza nzvimbo yacho chaizvo. Semuenzaniso, hazvina kufanana kuisa chirimwa munzvimbo inonaya mvura shoma uye mamiriro ekunze akaoma pane kuzviisa munzvimbo ine mvura yakawanda. Nekuita izvi, kugadzirwa kwesimba kuchadhura uye kuwanda.
Mhando dzemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinodyiwa nemagetsi zvichienderana nemvura yavanoshanda.
Run-of-the-river hydraulic magetsi chiteshi
Imhando yechirimwa isingaunganidze huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura mumagetsi, asi asi tora mukana wekuyerera kunowanikwa murwizi zviripo panguva iyoyo. Sezvo mwaka yegore inopfuura, kuyerera kwerwizi kunochinjawo, zvoita kuti mvura isakwanise kutambiswa nekufashukira dhamu.
Hydroelectric chirimwa chine dura rekuchengetedza
Kusiyana neiyo yapfuura, iyi iine dura uko kunochengeterwa mvura. Iyo dura inobvumira huwandu hwemvura inosvika kune turbine kuti igadziriswe nenzira inoshanda. Mukana waanopa zvine chekuita neyekutanga ndeyekuti, nekugara uine mvura yakasviba senzvimbo yekuchengetedza, inogona kuburitsa simba remagetsi mukati megore rose.
Hydroelectric kupomba chiteshi
Mune ino kesi tine matura maviri ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nesimba remagetsi, ivo vanowedzera kugadzirwa kwavo kana kwete. Vanoita izvi senge kuchinjisa kwakajairika. Kana mvura inochengetwa mudziva repamusoro ichidonha, shandura turbine uye, pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, mvura inodhonzwa kubva mudura repasi kuitira kuti, zvakare, itangisezve kutenderera kwekufamba.
Rudzi urwu rwepakati rune iyo mukana wekuti inogona kudzorwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve hydroelectric zvinomera.