Geothermal energy mhando yesimba rinowedzerwazve iro rinokwanisa kumisikidza kupisa kubva pasi pevhu kupisa zvivakwa uye kuwana mvura inopisa neimwe nzira yezvakatipoteredza. Icho chimwe chezvishoma zvinozivikanwa zvinyorwa zvinowanikwazve, asi mhedzisiro yacho inoshamisa kwazvo.
Simba iri Iyo inofanirwa kugadzirwa mune ye geothermal chirimwa, asi chii chinonzi geothermal chirimwa uye inoshanda sei?
Geothermal simba chirimwa
Iyo geothermal simba chirimwa inzvimbo panopiswa kupisa kubva pasi kuti ibudise simba rinowedzerwazve. Carbon dioxide inoburitsa mudenga kubva muchizvarwa cherudzi urwu rwesimba inenge 45 g paavhareji. Izvi maakaunzi ezasi kwepasi pe5% emweya inoenderana nefosili mafuta anopisa zvirimwa, saka inogona kutaridzwa seyakachena simba.
Vagadziri vakuru ve geothermal energy pasirese iUnited States, Philippines neIndonesia. Inofanirwa kutariswa kuti geothermal simba, kunyangwe richimutsiridzwa, ishoma simba. Iyo ishoma, kwete nekuti kupisa kwePasi kuri kuzopera (kure nazvo), asi kuti inogona kungoburitswa nenzira inoshanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi pano apo kuita kwepasi kunopisa kune simba. Izvo ndezve izvo "zvinopisa nzvimbo" kupi simba rakawanda rinogona kubviswa panhengo yeyuniti.
Sezvo iyo ruzivo nezve geothermal simba isina kumbofambira mberi, iyo Geothermal Energy Association inofungidzira kuti iri kungosungirirwa chete parizvino 6,5% yenyika inogona simba iri.
Geothermal simba zviwanikwa
Sezvo kukoromoka kwepasi kuchiita sedziviriro, kuitira kuti iwane simba remhepo, pasi rinofanira kuboorwa nepombi, magma kana mvura. Izvi zvinobvumira kuburitswa kwemukati uye kubatwa kwayo kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi inoda tembiricha yakakwira izvo zvinongogona chete kubva kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzepasi. Kuti usarasikirwe nekupisa panguva yekufambisa kuenda kumuti, magmatic conduits, inopisa matsime nzvimbo, hydrothermal circulation, matsime emvura kana mubatanidzwa weese iwo anofanira kuvakwa.
Huwandu hwezviwanikwa zvinowanika kubva kurudzi urwu rwesimba inowedzera pamwe nekudzika kwayakachekwa uye nekuswedera kumicheto yemahwendefa. Munzvimbo idzi geothermal chiitiko chakakura, saka panowedzera kupisa.
Ko geothermal power plant inoshanda sei?
Iko kushanda kweiyo geothermal simba chirimwa kunoenderana neyakaomesesa mashandiro mashandiro anoshanda mukati munda-chirimwa system. Ndokunge, simba rinoburitswa kubva mukati mePasi uye rinotakurwa richiendeswa kune chirimwa panogadzirwa magetsi.
Geothermal munda
Iyo geothermal munda kwaunoshanda inoenderana nenzvimbo yepasi ine yakakwira geothermal gradient kupfuura zvakajairwa. Ndokunge, kuwedzera kukuru kwekushisa pakadzika. Iyi nharaunda ine yakakwira geothermal gradient inowanzo kuve nekuda kwekuvapo kweye aquiferi yakavharirwa nemvura inopisa uye inochengetwa nekuganhurirwa neyakaganhurirwa dura iyo inochengetedza kupisa kwese uye kumanikidza. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sedunhu remhepo uye zvinobva pano panobviswa kupisa ikoko kuti kubudise magetsi.
Matsime anoburitsa kupisa kweGeothermal anobatana kune chirimwa chemagetsi ari mune idzi geothermal minda. Mhepo inoburitswa kuburikidza netiweki yemapaipi uye inoendeswa kune chirimwa uko simba rekupisa remhepo rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi uyezve simba remagetsi.
Maitiro ekuzvarwa
Maitiro echizvarwa anotanga nekubviswa kweiyo steam uye mvura musanganiswa kubva kune geothermal dura. Kana yangoendeswa kumuti, mweya unopatsanurwa kubva kune geothermal mvura uchishandisa michina inonzi cyclonic separator. Kana mweya waburitswa, mvura inodzoserwa pamusoro zvakare kune dhamu kuti iitwezve (nokudaro inzvimbo inogona kumutsidzirwa).
Mhepo yakaburitswa inoitiswa kumuti uye inoita turbine ine rotor inotenderera ingangoita 3 kumukira paminiti, iyo inogonesa jenareta, iko kukakavadzana nemagetsi emagetsi inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi. 13800 volts inobuda kubva kune iyo jenareta iyo painotamisirwa kune ma transformer, zvinoshandurwa kuita 115000 volts. Simba iri rinounzwa mumatare emagetsi akakwirira kuti atumirwe kune zvinotsiviwa uye kubva ipapo kuenda kune dzimwe dzimba, mafekitori, zvikoro uye zvipatara.
Iyo geothermal steam inodzokororwazve uye kudzoreredzwa muvhu repasi mushure mekushandura turbine. Maitiro aya anoita kuti mvura idzoedzwe mudziva remhepo inotsvaira pasi uye inoita kuti ive simba rinowedzerwazve, nekuti kana radzokedzwazve rinoshanduka kuita chiutsi uye rinoshandura turbine zvakare. Kune izvi zvese, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti geothermal simba isimba rakachena, rinotenderera, rinogona kudzoreka uye simba rakasimba, nekuti neicho chinodzokorodza sosi iyo iyo simba inogadzirwa nayo inogadziriswazve. Kana iyo mvura yakakamurwa uye mweya wakadzvanywa zvisina kudzoreredzwa mudziva remhepo inopisa, zvaisazotorwa senge simba rinowedzerwazve, nekuti, kana sosi yacho yapera, hapana imwe mhepo yaigona kuburitswa.
Mhando dze geothermal magetsi zvinomera
Kune matatu marudzi emagetsi geothermal magetsi.
Dry steam steam
Aya mapaneru ane akareruka uye ekare dhizaini. Ndeavo vanoshandisa steam zvakananga patembiricha ye anenge madigiri zana nemakumi mashanu kana kudarika kutyaira turbine uye kugadzira magetsi.
Flash Steam Zvirimwa
Izvi zvinomera zvinoshanda nekusimudza yakakwira yakamanikidza mvura inopisa kuburikidza nematsime uye nekuisuma mumatangi akadzikira. Kana kumanikidzwa kwadzikiswa, chikamu chemvura chinopisa uye chinopatsanuka kubva pamvura kufambisa turbine. Semamwe maitikiro, iyo yakawandisa mvura yemvura nemhepo yakanyoroveswa zvinodzoserwa kudura.
Binary Cycle Centrals
Idzi ndidzo dzazvino uno uye dzinogona kushanda pane tembiricha yemvura chete 57 madhigirii. Mvura inongopisa zvine mwero uye inopfuudzwa padivi peimwe fosi iyo ine poindi yekuvira yakadzika kwazvo kupfuura mvura. Nenzira iyi, kana ichinge yasangana nemvura, kunyangwe patembiricha yemadhigirii makumi mashanu nenomwe chete, inopisa uye inogona kushandiswa kufambisa turbine.
Neruzivo urwu, zvirokwazvo hapana kusahadzika nezvekushanda kweiyo geothermal simba chirimwa.
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