Dome architecture iri pamusoro payo, iine nhanho nyowani dzinowedzera kukosha kune inonakidza nyika. Vamwe vari kushanda pane tekinoroji yazvino, vamwe vari kushanda kuti tikwanise kugadzira a geodesic dome mubindu reimba yedu mumaawa mashoma uye nenzira iri nyore kwazvo. Chero zvazvingava, chivakwa ichi chakasimba chiri kushandura musika.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve geodesic dome, maitiro ayo uye maitiro ekugadzira imwe.
Nhoroondo ye geodesic dome
Kunyange zvazvo isati yatumidzwa zita, iyo geodesic dome yakatanga kuunzwa mushure meHondo Yenyika I naWalther Bauersfeld, injiniya nekambani yeCarl Zeiss optics. Dome yekutanga yakashandiswa seplanetarium.
Makore makumi maviri gare gare, Buckminster Fuller uye muimbi anonzi Kenneth Snelson vakanga vachishanda mumapurojekiti ekuvaka paBlack Mountain College, uye Fuller akagadzira izwi rokuti "geodesy" kutsanangura chimiro chiri kusimukira. Muna 1954, Fuller nevadzidzi vake vakavaka geodesic dome muWoods Hole, Massachusetts, iyo ichiri kumira, iyo yavakagamuchira patent ye geodesic dome. Gore rimwe chetero, akapinda mu1954 Italian Triennale Architecture Exhibition, achivaka 42-foot cardboard geodesic structure muMilan. Akapiwa mubairo wekutanga nekuda kwekubudirira kwake.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, dzimba dzaFuller dzakasarudzirwa zvechiuto uye zvemaindasitiri zvinodiwa kubva kumafekitori kuenda kunzvimbo dzekutarisa mamiriro ekunze. Mhepo uye inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze, geodesic domes zvakare inounzwa zviri nyore mumabhechi uye nekukurumidza kuunganidzwa.
Pakupera kwema1950s mabhangi nemayunivhesiti aivewo achitumira geodesic domes. Imwe yedomes yakazoratidzwa paWorld's Fair muna 1964 uye World's Fair ya 1967. Gare gare geodesic nedzimwe dzimba dzejometri dzakavakwa kuAntarctica, uko nzvimbo yegeodesic yakawanikwa ndiyo mukova unozivikanwa weDisney's EPCOT Center.
Buckminster Fuller akafungidzira dzimba dzegeodesic sedzisingadhure, dziri nyore kuvaka dzimba dzinogadzirisa kushomeka kwedzimba. Akafungidzira Dymaxion Imba senge prefab kit ine zvinhu zvakaita sezvirongwa zvinotenderera uye inofambiswa nemhepo inofefetera, asi haana kumbozviona. Kubudirira chaiko yaive imba yepasi pevhu yaakazvivakira muCarbondale, Illinois, kwaakagara kwemakore mazhinji.
Muma1970, geodesic domes dzakavakirwa kuseri kwemba kunakidzwa, uye shanduro dzemba dzedzimba dze geodesic dzakakura mukuzivikanwa. Asi mukupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, kunakidzwa nezvivakwa zvegeodeic kwakadzikira. Munhu anogona kuziva zvikanganiso zvaro zvinoshanda.
Nepo chiroto chaFuller che prefab, helikopta-yakaunzwa geodesic imba haina kumbosvika pakubudirira, vagadziri vezvivakwa uye dhizaini-kuvaka mafemu vakagadzira akasiyana marudzi edzimba dzakavharidzirwa zvichienderana nemazano ake. Nhasi, geodesic igloos inogona kuwanikwa pasi rose, ingave dzimba dzakazara, nzvimbo dze glamping kana eco-inoshamwaridzika dzimba.
Mhando huru
Chimiro uye chimiro cheimba ye geodesic igloo inobvumira kutsungirira mhepo ine simba. Iwo akavakwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuAircrete, yakasarudzika musanganiswa wesimende uye inokurumidza-kuomesa furo, kune adobe. Mazhinji anotsigirwa pamatanda kana simbi uye anopedzwa mune zvekuvaka polyester, aluminium, fiberglass, kana Plexiglas.
Spheres inoshanda zvakanyanya nekuti inovhara yakawanda yemukati nzvimbo maererano nenzvimbo yepamusoro, kuchengetedza mari uye zvinhu panguva yekuvaka. Nekuti geodesic domes dzakatenderera, zvivakwa zvine zvimwe zvakanakira:
Pasina madziro kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, mweya uye simba zvinogona kutenderera zvakasununguka, kuita kuti kudziyisa nekutonhodza zvishande. Chimiro zvakare chinoderedza kupisa kurasikirwa nemwaranzi. Iyo diki yepasi, iyo isinganyanyi kutarisana nekupisa kana kutonhora. Mhepo ine simba inovhuvhuta kunze kwakakombama, zvichideredza mukana wekukuvadzwa nemhepo.
Zvakanakira zve geodesic dome
Mumitsetse inotevera, isu tichaongorora chimwe nechimwe chinhu chikuru chinotarisa kubudirira kweiyo geodesic dome. Zvimwe zvekuvaka zvinochengetwa kuti zvivhare hupenyu hwesevhisi kana nzvimbo yebasa kupfuura chero chimiro chine mamwe maumbirwo.
Kudzora kwekushisa
Kubva pakuwanikwa kwavo, geodesic domes vanga vari imwe yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzeka kwazvo munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa uye dzakaomarara paPasi, nekuda kwekunyanya kutonhora muchando uye kupisa muzhizha.
Kutamisa tembiricha chinhu chakananga pakati penzvimbo dzakafumurwa kana nzvimbo dzekunze dzemadziro. Iyo dome ine spherical uye inovhara diki nzvimbo pachikamu chemukati vhoriyamu, saka kune kushoma kuwedzera tembiricha kana kurasikirwa.
Chimiro chemukati chinogadzira kuyerera kwemhepo inopisa kana inotonhora inogona kushandiswa kudzora, kudzikamisa uye kuenzanisa kupisa kwemukati, kubvisa zvinogona kutonhora. Kutenda kune chimiro ichi, chinoita senge chiratidziro chakakura chakananga pasi, kuratidza uye kuisa mukati mekupisa mukati, iyo inodzivirirawo radial kupisa kurasikirwa. Iyo dome nekudaro inova iyo yakanyatso dhizaini yemamiriro ekunze e polar, inoshanda seyekutarisa, marabhoritari kana kudzivirira radar antennas.
chivakwa chakachengeteka
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo, geodesic dome chimiro chakatsiga nekuti kana kudzvanywa kuchiiswa kwairi, inogovaniswa (kune imwe nhanho) mukati mese chimiro. Yakaumbwa negonyonhatu, zvinogona kunzi ine kugadzikana kwakasiyana nekuti makonatatu ndiwo ega maporigoni asingakanganisiki pazvakasikwa. Izvi zvinopa dome kugadzikana kwakasiyana. Iwo matatu matatu akabatana nenzira yekuti mativi awo anoumba geodesic network ye "madenderedzwa makuru" (anozivikanwawo senzira), izvo zvinopa kubatana uye kusimba kune yese.
Dome, kuburikidza nerin'i yaro yepasi uye nepakati pesimba regiravhiti, inogovera uremu hwako zvakaenzana mundege yekutsigira, izvo zvinozvipa mukana pane zvimwe zvivakwa mukubata nekudengenyeka kwenyika.
Apo mhepo dzine simba dzinobva kuchamupupuri, madutu, uye madutu zvinorova maeves nemacornices emisha yechinyakare, zvinogadzira dzvinyiriro yakashata inogona kupinda pasi, ichiparadza zvose kana kuti chikamu chedenga uye kufumura vanogaramo. Nekudaro, iyo geodesic dome's aerodynamic chimiro uye zvisiri-kusveta zvinhu zvinopa yakanakisa dziviriro yemhepo, zvisinei kuti yakamira sei.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve geodesic dome uye maitiro ayo.