Fungi zvipenyu zvipenyu zviri zvehumambo hweFungi. Iwo anoumbwa nemasero akafanana chaizvo neayo emhuka asi ane maitiro akati siyanei. Ivo vanogona kuve eunicellular kana multicellular maseru. Iyo fungal morphology zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzatiri kuongorora. Muhumambo uhwu hwefungus zvese zvipuka zvine rusero rusvingo zvakagadzirwa nechinhu chinozivikanwa secitin zvakaiswa. Ivo vanowanzo vane saprophytic mararamiro ehupenyu zvinoreva kuti vanodya pazvinhu zvinoora zvemuviri.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, mararamiro uye morphology yefungi.
Mhando huru
Mimwe yefungi inogovana hunhu hwakawanda nemhuka nezvinomera, asi iwo mapoka akasiyana kwazvo ezvinhu zvipenyu. Chinhu chekutanga chatinofunga nezvacho kana uchigadzirisa howa ndiyo yakasarudzika howa. Zvisinei, howa inongova imwe yemhando dzakawanda dzehowa huripo. Pane musiyano unoshamisa wemhando, saizi uye mavara uye yega yega ine akasiyana maitiro.
Iyo morphology yefungi inozivikanwa kuti inoumbwa ne mycelium iyo yakareba micheka inonzi hyphae yakabatana Iyi hyphae inogona kucherechedzwa kuburikidza nemaikorosikopu uye fungi dzinoishandisa kuti dzigone kunamatira nekupararira munzvimbo dzese dzavanokura. Izvo isu zvatinowanzoziva se fungi ingori michero yemichero yemamwe marudzi. Icho chiri kubva kune iyi miviri inobereka michero iyo imwe fungi inogona kukura uye bereka mabhureki ekuti ubereke nawo pabonde. Howa hwechokwadi sekutaura hwakakura kwazvo kupfuura muviri unobereka michero sezvo uchiwanzogoverwa pasi penyika.
Mushroom morphology
Fungi anowanzo kuverengerwa macromycetes uye micromycetes. Uku kusarudzika ndeye taxonomic uye inoshandiswa kukamura iwo mafungi ane akasiyana maitiro. Ngatione kuti ndeapi maitiro eumwe neumwe wavo:
Macromycetes
Ndiwo akanyanya kuzivikanwa echinyakare ane akajairwa chimiro ngowani. Semuenzaniso, muboka iri tinowana howa. Kune zvekare mafungi ese atinoona muvhu rakasiyana remasango. Aya ane morphology inoratidzika kukura muviri unobereka muchero pasina chero rudzi rwekuwedzera. Ichi chimiro chemuviri unobereka zvibereko chinotsanangurwa nezvikamu zvinotevera:
- Pileus: inova ngowani kana chikamu chepamusoro chemuviri unobereka michero.
- Hunde: Haisi hunde senge yemuti wakajairwa. Dzinde rinoreva hwaro hwemuviri unobereka michero unobata kutsigira korona.
- Dzoka: Rudzi rwembudzi inovhara muviri wese unobereka michero uye inonyangarika kana yakura. Inowanzo shandira kudzivirira kubva kune yakashata mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza senge yakawandisa mhepo uye kunaya. Dzimwe nguva tinoona kuti volva inogona kuwanikwa muchimiro chemasara pasi pehunde uye inoonekwa sekunge iwo masikero kana membrane inosara kana munhu wacho atove munhu mukuru.
Micromycetes
Seizvo zita ravo rinoratidzira, iwo fungi anokwanisa kungoonekwa kuburikidza nemicroscope. Hazviwanzo kuita miviri inobereka inoonekwa nevanhu. Iyo morphology ye micromycete fungi inogona kuratidzirwa semavara kana masumbu erima rakasviba uye nehupfu hwehupfu. Inogona zvakare kuve mamwe mavara mabhora kana madonhwe emucosa pamusoro.
Kana tikatarisa micromycetes pasi peiyo microscope, tinoona kuti vakaumbwa kunge chakuvhe. Nekuda kwerudzi urwu rwe morphology, ivo vanonzi zvakare filamentous fungi kana mbiriso. Ivo vanomira pakuita bonde dhimoni, kunyangwe zvichitsamira pane chaiwo mhando. Mimwe ye micromycetes ine zvimiro pamiviri yavo uye zvakasiyana neiya anowanikwa mune mamwe mafungi. Kunyanya izvi zvinhu uye zvivakwa zvinoenderana neiyo substrate painokura. Ivo vanofanirwa zvakare kugadzira zvimiro zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yekuvandudza.
Kupatsanura uye morphology yefungi
Nyanzvi dzehowa dzinonzi mycologists. Mazhinji acho akavakirwa pamatanho zvichienderana nehunhu hwepanyama. Aya ndiwo marongero avanogadza kuti ndewemhando ipi mhuka yega. Ngatimboonai matatu akasiyana morphology mafomu:
Filamentous fungi
Iyo fomati yese ye filamentous fungi inoumbwa neiyo hyphae uye chibereko cheasexual kubereka. Ichi chimiro chinonzi mycelium. Iyo mycelium yemusango howa inogona kuwedzera kusvika kumamita akati wandei pasi pevhu. Saka, Isu takambotaura kuti izvo zvatinoona iwo muviri unobereka weiyo fungus yese.
Yese hyphae iri pasi pevhu uye pasi peiyo substrate inoberekwazve pabonde. Iyo chete ingori hyphae inobuda yakanangana nepasi pevhu ine zvivakwa zvehunyanzvi hwekubereka. Iwo manhamba ari kukonzera kubereka uku anonzi conidia.
Mbiriso
Ndiwo mafungi ane yakawanda kana shoma idenderedzwa morphology. Idzo microscopic uye unicellular. Kazhinji yenguva vanobereka asexually nenzira dzakasiyana dzakadai sekubukira uye kuseka. Kunyangwe iwo ari ega-sero zvipenyu, Zvinoenderana neiyo substrate mairi inokura, vanogona kuburitsa hyphae asi vasina chaiyo septa. Aya pseudohyphae anosarudzwa semafomu epakati pakati peye filamentous fungi uye mbiriso.
Morphology yefungi: shanduko yeiyo mycelium
Kune mamwe mafungi anogona kuchinja iwo mycelium sezvo iyo hyphae inokura. Ngatione zvavari:
- Plasmodium: iwo mafungi ane nuclei asina kupatsanurwa nemanyowa asi akanyudzwa mu cytoplasm.
- Plecténchyma: apa hyphae akarongwa kuita matishu akarongeka nenzira inopindirana.
- Haustoria: dzinogona kupinda mukati memasero ezvirimwa uye kurarama sehutachiona mukati mawo.
- Rhizomorphs: iwo mafungi anoratidzira hyphae yavo mukati mehunde yemimwe miti. Izvo zvakaomarara zvine mutsindo.
- Conidiophores: iwo mafungi ayo anoumbwa neakareruka hyphae ane chimiro chakareruka.
- Sporangiophores: iwo fungi ane septate mycelium uye zvakanaka-branched hyphae. Mumwe mugumo weiyo hyphae ine bulge kune imwe mugumo inozivikanwa se sporangium.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve morphology yefungi uye yavo dudziro.