Imwe yesainzi inofungidzirwa sedangwe dangwe iriko uye inofungidzirwa seimwe remapazi mukati meiyo biology ndiyo ecology. Sezvo munhu akatanga kucherechedza zvakasikwa kuti atarise michero yemalacquer yekudya, kuvhima kana kutsvaga nzvimbo dzekugara uye idzo dzaive nezviwanikwa zvakakodzera, ecology yakatanga kuvapo. Gare gare, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye kudiwa kwekutsvaga nekudzidza zvakawanda nezvepasi redu, yakava sainzi.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe kuti chii ecology, ayo makuru maitiro uye mutsauko uripo ecology uye nharaunda.
Chii chinonzi ecology
Iyo sainzi inodzidza hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu nenharaunda yavanogara. Inogona kupfupikiswa mune ino pfungwa. Zvisinei, iri rimwe rematavi akaomesesa uye akazara esainzi. Tsananguro ye ecology inogona kuve yakapusa asi chinhu chekudzidza chakaomesesa. Mune mamwe mazwi, inovavarira kudzidza kuti nharaunda inokanganisa sei kugoverwa kwayo, kuwanda, kusiyanisa zvipenyu, maitiro uye nekubatana kwese kuripo pakati pezvisikwa zvakasiyana uye nekugadziriswa kunogona kukonzerwa nharaunda.
Sezvaunogona kutarisira, zvese izvi zvinangwa zvekudzidza zvakaomarara sezvo zvine masimba makuru. Kugadzikana mune idzi pfungwa chinhu chimwe chisinganzwisisike. Hatigone kuverenga mamwe maitiro ezvakatipoteredza. Iwo matanho ekudzidza ecology akasiyana mu: zvisikwa, huwandu hwevanhu uye nharaunda dzevanhu ndizvo zvinogadzira zvisikwa. Kune mamwe matavi anotarisawo kufundo yeiyo biosphere mune zvese.
Kusiyana nemamwe matavi ebiology ayo anoenderana zvakananga nemageneti, shanduko, fizikisi uye ecology, pakati pevamwe, isu tine ecology sedanho repakati. Uye iyo sainzi inosiyana nedzimwe dzese sezvo maitiro ayo ari pamusoro huwandu hwekuzvarwa, kufa, kutamira kune dzimwe nyika uye kuti zvinokanganisa sei kugovaniswa kwemarudzi, huwandu hwevanhu uye shanduko yenharaunda.
Vatsvagiri veiyi sainzi
Wekutanga mutsvagiridzi aive ne ecology aive Haeckel muna 1869. Mamwe emakosheni akakosha munhoroondo yese ndeaya Ramón Margalef naEugene P. Odum. Aya masayendisiti anoonekwa seMadzibaba eazvino ecology. Nekudaro, ecology isati yave nenzvimbo yayo, paive nevamwe vezvakazvipira avo vakapa zviwanikwa zvikuru nekucherechedza. Vamwe vavo vaive Count yaBuffon, Alexander von Humboldt, Darwin, Lamarck ...
Nhoroondo yese yezvakasikwa izere nema psychologists anga achitsanangura mashandiro epasi. Nezvinangwa zvinoshanda, tinogona kutaura kuti ecology ichatsvaga kutsanangura kushanda kuzere kwezvose zvakasikwa.
Musiyano uripo pakati ecology uye nharaunda
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha izvo zvinowanzo nyonganiswa munharaunda yanhasi ecology uye nharaunda. Iko kufamba kwezvakatipoteredza kune kwakawanda uzivi hwehupenyu pane sainzi. Kuvhiringidzika kunoramba kuripo kuripo munhau nemumutauro wezuva nezuva kunounza mamwe matambudziko mukutaurirana kwesainzi Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uve wakajeka nezve chii ecology uye kuti inodzidza sesainzi uye kuti haina chinosanganisira chero uye biology asi yakavakirwa panzira yesainzi.
Kune mamwe masainzi ayo akakosha pakudzidza ecology sezvakaita edaphology. Iyo sainzi inonzvera mamiriro evhu uye hunhu hwazvo kupa ruzivo pamusoro pekugona kukura kwezvirimwa nemhuka. Meteorology inobatsira kuziva kugoverwa kwetembiricha nemvura kuti tinzwisise mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo. Kune rimwe divi, ecology inodawo sainzi senge masvomhu uye manhamba kuti akwanise kugadzira mamodheru mukuzvibata kwenzanga nevanhu.
Zvese izvi zvinoratidza kuti ecology sainzi yakaoma kunzwisisa iyo inofanirwa kukudziridzwa nemamwe masainzi kuitira kuti ipe tsananguro. Nekudaro, zvakatipoteredza ideology iyo yakavepo pamusoro pekuremekedza kana hunhu, iyo kudzikiswa kwemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze inogadzirwa nezviito zvinoshoresa, nezvimwe. Iko kufamba kunotsvaga kudzikisira kukanganisa kwevanhu pane zvakasikwa. Inotsvaga zvakare kuchengetedza zviwanikwa kuti zvizvarwa zvenguva yemberi zvigone kushandisa zviwanikwa sekuvaziva kwatinoita nhasi.
Dzidzo yecology
Ecology sainzi inodzidza hukama pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu nenharaunda yazvinogara. Iyo inodzidza zvakare iko kusangana pakati pemarudzi akasiyana siyana. Tinogona kutaura kuti mukati menzvimbo inogara zvipenyu tinopatsanura zvinhu zvepanyama uye zvipenyu zvinhu. Zvinhu zvepanyama ndidzo dzakadai setembiricha, mwenje wezuva, mwando, etc. Biological zvinhu ndiko hukama nemamwe marudzi anogara munzvimbo imwechete. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kunongedzera sechinhu chinobereka kuhukama huripo pakati pezvikara zvakadhindwa.
Kuchinjana mukuyerera kwesimba uye chinhu muzvinhu zvakasikwa zvakare chinangwa chekudzidza nezve ecology. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzidziswa nezve ecology ndeye biogeochemical cycles, trophic cheni kana kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kweiyo ecosystem. Zvese izvi zvinangwa zvinounzwa pamwechete pamatanho akasiyana ekudzidza. Ngationgororei zvavari:
- Chikamu chemuviri: ecology inoongorora mashandiro anoita vanhu nharaunda.
- Pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu: ecology inotarisa kuvepo kana kusavapo kwemamwe marudzi. Inotarisawo kuwanda uye kushomeka uye kuti huwandu hwevanhu vechisikwa hunosanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva. Kune izvi unoda masvomhu uye manhamba emamodeli.
- Padanho renharaunda: inoongorora kuumbwa uye chimiro chenharaunda uye mashandiro akafanana. Misiyano yakaita sekushandurwa kwesimba kuburikidza nekuyerera, mupiro wezvibereko uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari kuburikidza nenharaunda zvinonongedzerwa pano. Nharaunda dzinogona kudzidzwa nekutarisa vanhu uye nekushandisa hunhu hwavo padanho rerunyararo.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ecology iri kubuda sesainzi yakakosha kuyedza kufanotaura shanduko mune zvisikwa. Zvizhinji zvekuchinja uku zvine chekuita nezviitwa zvevanhu. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii ecology uye kukosha kwayo.