Iyo Doñana National Park ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya kukosha muSpain yese sezvo iri musha kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvisikwa uye nzvimbo dzakakosha kwazvo. Iyo ecosystems eDoana Inopa mune imwechete izvo zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwakakura kwenzvimbo uye zvipenyu izvo zvainogara. Pamusoro pemadhaka, pane zvimwe zvipenyu zvakaita semabhishi, nhare dzinofamba uye makorari.
Muchikamu chino tiri kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve Doñana ecosystems, hunhu uye kukosha.
Kusarudzika kwezvakatipoteredza zveDoana
Iyo yakasarudzika yeDoñana iri mukusiyana kwenzvimbo dzesango nemhando dzayo. Pamusoro peiyo ecosystem yemumadhaka, iyo inoratidzirwa neyakafuma zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye inogara ichichinja chitarisiko. Kune zvakare kune akati wandei akakosha ecosystems akaunganidzwa pano: mahombekombe, inoyerera mirwi, uye corrals. Iri gomo rine masango ejuniper, macork oak masango nemasango emipaini ndeveko vanonzi "nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa". Uye zvakare, ine akawanda madhibhoni ayo akapararira pakati pezvinomera uye nharaunda yekushandura iyo inosangana nekuvaparadzanisa.
Iyo maruva ndiyo yakakura kwazvo ecosystem mukuwedzera kwepaki, kufukidza kutenderedza 27,000 mahekita, chii chinopa nzvimbo ino hunhu hwakasiyana. Iyi inzvimbo ine hunyoro yakakosha zvisingaite senzvimbo yekupfuura, kuberekesa uye kutonhora kweshiri dzeEuropean neAfrica. Inozadzwa nemafashama nekuda kwekupa kwedzimwe nzizi uye mvura yemvura, izvo zvinoita kuti iratidze mwaka unozivikanwa kwazvo.
Mumatsutso, mvura yekutanga inonaya mumatope. Munguva yechando, sezvo mvura inowedzera, matope anonyudza zvishoma nezvishoma. Iri muchirimo apo pamusoro pemvura chakafukidzwa nemaruva e buttercup uye nzvimbo hombe dzema castanet uye bayinkos. Muchirimo, matope ane gwenga rakaputswa, guruva revhu. Kunyangwe pasina zvirerukiro zviri pachena, iwo madhorobha madiki anopa mamiriro ekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana munzvimbo yemachakwi.
Iyo marashi inotapira ndiyo ine kudzika kwakanyanya uye, nekudaro, inonamira mumakore emvura yakajairwa yakawanda mvura uye kwenguva yakareba, iyo inoderedza munyu wayo uye inogona kukura maruva zvinomera zvecastanet uye bayunco. Iyo yemunyu marsh kana almajo marsh ndiyo ine nzvimbo dzakakwirira zvishoma uko mupiro wemvura yakachena wakaderera uye munyu wevhu wakakwirira. Izvo zvinomera zvakanyanya ialmajo, munyu almajo uye inotapira almajo.
Zvikamu zveDoana zvisikwa
Mukaha unokwira pamuromo weGuadalquivir unoyambuka nekadiki kana kuti wakatsauswa kwechinguva kubva munzira huru. Mapaipi aimbove migero yenzizi, mitero uye mitsara. Nhasi, vakafukidzwa netsanga uye kune zvitunha, matatya uye matumbu zvakavanzwa mutsanga.
Tsinga nemavheoni ari pamusoro-avhareji ivhu, achiumba zviwi zvidiki zvisingawanzo nyudzwa. Idzi inzvimbo dzekuzorora nedzokupotera panguva yeMafashamo Makuru, uye zvakare nzvimbo yakakosha kwazvo yekudyira shiri dzakaita samatwara.
Maziso emumvura itsime. Chakaita senzvimbo yechisikigo senzvimbo yemvura nyowani yakachengetwa mukadzika Ivo vanowoneka padhuze nemachakwi uye, kumhuka zhinji, vanove sosi yekupedza nyota panguva yekusanaya kana zhizha.
Mahombekombe uye mirwi
Akasimba emahombekombe emagetsi anogara achichinja iwo mahombekombe egungwa. Munzvimbo yemahombekombe kure kwazvo kubva mumvura, zvinomera zvinonamatira kune ivhu risina kugadzikana uye rakaoma, richiumba zvipingamupinyi zvidiki zvinova zvichava mavambo emirwi mhenyu. Pamhenderekedzo yegungwa padyo nemahombekombe panoonekwa mafuro e Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera noltii, uye akawanda lamellibranchs uye gastropods munzvimbo dzakapfava.
Pedyo nemahombekombe tinowana makorari ekutanga, uko kune nzvimbo dzehuswa dzakasungwa pakati pemirwi. Aya makorari ndiwo ari padyo negungwa uye anowanzo kugarwa nemakwenzi akasiyana akadai iwo ndiwo marara uye neyakagara yakasvibira. Kupfuurirazve mukati medu isu tatova nemapine mapurazi ayo anokwanisa kukoroni corral, dzimwe nguva ari madiki madhibhi kwechinguva aine tsanga mibhedha. Iri mumatunduru enharembozha panowanikwa majunipiti egungwa.
Iyo yakachengetedzwa nzvimbo kana shrub nzvimbo inomiririra iyo yepakati nhanho yemediterranean yeMediterranean terminal neakakura ecosystem. Wona kubva kune iyo nzvimbo, iyo yekuchengetedza haina kuchinja zvakanyanya mukati megore uye zvinonetsa kuona mhuka. Kunyangwe ichiratidza zvinhu zvinonakidza kwazvo, senge makuru ungulates, mhembwe uye nguruve dzesango, uye makuru nyama dzinodya nyama senge yeIberian lynx uye neIberian Imperial Eagle.
Iye achamuona
Kusangana pakati pemakwenzi nemumatope emuchengetedzo kuri kuburikidza nebandi 200 kusvika 1500 m yakafara inonzi "vera", inoenderana nenzvimbo inopindirana yeupfumi hwakawanda hwezvakatipoteredza. Ndiwo muganho pakati pevhu nejecha. Munzvimbo yakamanikana iyi, miti nemhando dzemhuka kubva munzvimbo mbiri dzinowirirana uye hunyoro hunosvinwa nejecha hunoonekwa, iyo inofarira kukura kwetsanga nehuswa.
Pane yakaderera nhanho, huswa hunokura pane jecha uye yakaoma substrates. Miriwo haina kuchena, kunyanya Rumex bucephalophorus, iyo inoipa iro rakatsvuka ruvara. Pane imwe nharaunda yakadzikira, asi padyo nemumachakwi, mafuro akafuma mumhando dzemiti anokura. Iwo maokoki emakwenzi mumakwenzi ari padyo nemahombekombe, zvisaririra zvesango rekare, zvinopa iyi enclave hunhu hunokosha sezvo iri pekugara yemapoka makuru eshiri.
Kukosha kwekuchengetedza ino nzvimbo uye kuiisa seyakachengetedzwa nzvimbo yechisikigo inova yakakosha kana iripo huwandu hwakawanda hwezvakasikwa uye zvakasarudzika ecosystems inokwanisa kuchengeta mhando dzese marudzi. Isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti zvisikwa zveDoana zvine huremo hwezvakatipoteredza hunowanikwa panjodzi nemhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza inogadzirwa nezviitiko zvakasiyana zvehupfumi zvevanhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviite senge zvinotarisira zvakanyanya nezviitiko zvekuvaraidza uye zvehupfumi zvinotenderwa kuitwa munzvimbo ino. Sezvauri kuona, zvisikwa zveDoana zvine hukuru hwehukama uye hunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Doñana ecosystems, hunhu uye kukosha.