Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira mvura yekunwa nevanhu. Imwe yacho ndeye kuburikidza desalination. Iyi nzira yekurapa kwemvura inoitwa mumuti desalination chirimwa. Chinangwa chikuru cheichi chirimwa chekuisa mvura munyu kushandura mvura ine munyu kana ine braki kuita mvura yakakodzera kudyiwa nevanhu, kudiridza kana kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Kutenda nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, zuva rega rega iwe unogona kuona maitiro ekutora mamwe mvura ekushandisa kumashure.
Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukuudza iwe nezve ese akakosha zvikamu zveiyo salinization maitiro uye ndeapi maficha eiyo desalination chirimwa.
Matanho emuti wekushambidza mvura
Tiri kuenda kunoona kuti ndeapi matanho ekutanga kuburikidza nemushonga wedhisheni unokwanisa kurapa mvura.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura yegungwa
Zvichienderana necatchment system, ingave yakavhurika uchishandisa zvipenga zvegungwa kana yakavharwa kuburikidza nematsime akadzika, dzimwe nzvimbo dzemahombekombe, nezvimwe. Zvinetso zvakasiyana zvinogona kudzivirirwa. Aya ese matanho ekukohwa mvura yegungwa vanogona kubatsira kuve nerinotevera remvura kurapwa.
Zvichienderana neongororo yakawanikwa nemvura neimwe kana imwe modhiyo, zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakapfigwa dzakasarudzika sezvo dziri:
- Mvura yakambosvinwa nevhu, saka pane mashoma akamiswa solids.
- Iyo ine mashoma mashoma ehupenyu chiitiko, saka mamwe makemikari anodzivirirwa.
- Iyo tembiricha nemakemikari kuumbwa kwemvura zvakagadzikana.
Kufanotaura
Icho chikamu chinoshandiswa neiyo desalination chirimwa kuti ikwanise kuchinjisa epanyama-makemikari uye ehupenyu hunhu kune izvo zvinodiwa neiyo desalination maitiro. Nenzira iyi, zvinokwanisika kudzivirira ngura, incrustations uye zvichizotevera kuora kwemidziyo.
Tinogona kusiyanisa akasiyana maitiro ekufanotangisa:
- Panyama uye kemikari pretreatments: inobata nemimwe miitiro yakadai seacidification, scale inhibitors, flocculation, oxidation, decantation uye flotation. Disinfection, adsorption uye degassing zvakare zvikamu zveiyi prereatment.
- Kamudzira pretreatment: Mhando dzakasiyana matekinoroji anogona kuiswa kuti akwanise kusefa tudiki tudiki mukumiswa. Isu tinoshandisa microfiltration, ultrafiltration kana nanofiltration membranes. Zvese izvi zvinoenderana nesaizi yezvikamu. Aya prereatment anouya kusanganisa mitsva mitsva mumunda weiyo desalination senge reverse osmosis. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kana mvura iine simba rakakwira rekusunga.
- Pretreatments ekudzikisira uye evaporation maitiro: Chinangwa chikuru chemaitiro aya ndechekugona kubvisa kunonoka kwemunyu usingagadzike uye magasi asingadzvinyiriri anokwanisa kudzikamisa mwero wemvura.
Desalination maitiro
Kamwe iyo desalination chirimwa yatove yaita pre-kurapwa maitiro, kune akasiyana siyana desalination maitiro akadai se distillation, membrane kupatsanurwa uye nechando. Nekudaro, iyo nzira inonyatso kuwana yakanaka yemhando yemvura ichienzaniswa neyekushandisa uye yekushandisa mutengo ndeyekudzosera osmosis. MuSpain isu tine bhenji rakakura re reverse osmosis, nekuti mwero wekushandura we45% unogona kuwanikwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kuti uwane zvikamu makumi mana neshanu zvemvura ine desalinated, zvikamu zana zvemvura yemichero inodiwa.
Iko kuderedzwa kwekudyiwa kweiyo yakakwira yakamanikidza simba sisitimu kuburikidza nekuisirwa kwekurambwa kwemvura simba kudzoreredza sisitimu kwakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Vakatanga nazvo Francis turbines, vakaenderera mberi nePelton turbines uye nhasi kune dzimba dzeisobaric. . Muchokwadi, izvo zvinoshandiswa mune iyo osmosis nhanho dzadonha kubva ku8kWh / m3 muma 70s kusvika ku 2,3kWh / m3 nhasi.
Post-kurapwa mune desalination chirimwa
Kumwe kurapwa kunopihwa mvura kuti ikwanise kuisasisa ishure-Kurapa. Izvo ndezvekurapa mvura yakawanikwa kudzikisira kuomarara kwayo uye alkalinity. Muchikamu chino kururamisa kwezvose ma parameter ekugona kuchinjisa kune kudyiwa kwevanhu, kudiridza kana kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwemvura, iyi yekurapa-kurapwa kunogona kana kunge kusinganyanye kudzvinyirira.
Chekupedzisira, iyo yekuramba brines inobviswa nechinangwa chekushomeka kwenzvimbo kukanganisa. Saka muchokwadi, izvi ndizvozvo. Desalination zvirimwa zvinogona kuve zvakakomba kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza mumakungwa nemuganhu uko brine inosunungurwa.
Zvakanakira nekuipira kweiyo desalination chirimwa
Tiri kuenda kunoona kuti ndezvipi zvakanakira uye zvakaipira kuve nemushonga wenzara wekugadzira mvura.
Kubatsirwa
- Dzimwe sosi dzinoratidza kuti inomiririra 3% yekugara kwepasi uye 3% yekusiiwa kwenzvimbo mukutarisana nekuendeswa kweEbro yakafungidzirwa muNational Hydrological Plan Mutemo (PHN), yatobviswa kare.
- Iyo desalination system inoshandisa 30% shoma simba pane iro rinodikanwa kuita shanduko.
- Simba rinowedzerwazve rinogona kushandiswa mukushanda kweiyo desalination chirimwa, sezvo Spain ine nzvimbo kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva uko zuva nemhepo zvakawandisa.
payakaipira
Sezvaunogona kutarisira, iyo desalination chirimwa zvakare ine zvayakaipira:
- Mukuita kwekuchera mvura yegungwa munyu wemunyu unogadzirwa unokandirwa mugungwa uye inokuvadza maruva egungwa. Inofanirwa kutariswa kuti yakawanda yemunyu inodururwa zvakare mumvura uye inowedzera munyu wemvura dzataurwa.
- Kudzoreredza osmosis kuisirwa kwakaomarara uye kunoda kushandiswa kukuru kwemagetsi.
- Sezvo ari mafekitori, vane hupenyu hwakaganhurirwa.
- Mvura yemunyu inogona kukuvadza kurima sezvo paine zvimwe zvirimwa zvinokoshesa zvicherwa zviri mumvura ine desal.
- Mabasa matsva uye anodhura ezvivakwa anofanirwa kuongororwa kuitira kuti aendese mvura yakasarudzika kunzvimbo dzainodiwa.
Desalination michero muSpain
Sezvatakambotaura, kuSpain tine bhenji maererano nerevers osmosis. Uye izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa pamwe neshanduko coefficient ye45%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Pamarita zana emvura atinopinda mumuchina wekuisa munyu, 100 litita anokwanisa kuva munyu. Aya akanaka chiyero chekutarisa achitarisa simba remagetsi
Iyo yakanaka ingave yekukwanisa kushambidza mvura uchishandisa simba rinogona kumutsidzirwa kudzora kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve desalination chirimwa uye hunhu hwayo.