Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze idambudziko rakakura kwazvo rezvakatipoteredza nhasi uye kutarisisa kwenzanga kunowedzera gore negore. Chibvumirano cheParis cha2015 chakatora danho rekuita, sezvo nyika zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu dzakabvumirana kudzikisa tembiricha yepasi rose kusvika pa195 ° C munguva yepamberi pemaindasitiri mukupera kwezana rino remakore, uye ichiramba ichishanda kudzikisa kusvika pa2 ° C. decarbonization Iyi ndiyo nzira yekudzora kabhoni mumhepo, kunyanya carbon dioxide (CO2). Chinangwa chayo ndechekuwana yakaderera-emission yepasirese hupfumi uye kuzadzikisira mamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekuchinja kwesimba.
Muchikamu chino tiri kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve decarbonization, hunhu hwayo uye kukosha kwayo kwainako pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Chii chinonzi decarbonization
Nekutsva mafossil ekuvandudza hupfumi, hunhu hwakawedzera kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvegreenhouse mhedzisiro uye saka chimwe chezvikonzero zvekudziya kwepasirese uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Decarbonization inoda shanduko yesimba, inova shanduko yechimiro inobvisa kabhoni kubva mukugadzirwa kwesimba. Iko kusimudzira kwehupfumi kubva pane yakachena imwe simba simba rinongoburitsa simba iro pasi rinokwanisa kupinza.
Iko shanduko kune kaboni isina kwayakarerekera hupfumi na2050 inogoneka uye inoita hupfumi pfungwa. Kugadziridza hupfumi zvakare mukana wakanakisa wekugadzira hupfumi, kugadzira mabasa, nekuvandudza mhando yemhepo. Iyo inodzora nharaunda ndiyo kiyi yekukudziridza inoshanda zvakanyanya uye isina emission-isina magetsi anotakura uye ekupedzisira-anoshandisa pamutengo wakaderera kwazvo unogoneka nekusimudzira zvine mutsindo decarbonization.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Europe ndiyo yakanyanya kukurudzira kusimudzira kwesimba pasirese, ichitsigira kuzadzikiswa kwehupfumi hwakaderera-kabhoni kuburikidza nehurongwa uye zvinangwa zvemutemo. European Green Deal yakaburitswa mukupera kwa 2019. Iri zano reEuropean Commission kuti riite kusarerekera kwekabhoni uye kuwedzera kukwikwidza na2050, uye kudzora kukura kwehupfumi kubva mukushandisa zviwanikwa.
Anoshanda decarbonization
Kubudirira kwe decarbonisation inzira yekuyedza kuwana kwazvakarerekera kabhoni pamutengo wakaderera kwazvo, kuitira kuti simba roga roga rekushandisa simba ridzikise kusvibiswa uchishandisa dzimwe nzira dzemakwikwi. Magetsi mutakuri wemagetsi unobvumidza kusangana kukuru kwesimba rinowedzerwazve, nekuti ndeipi sarudzo inonyanya kukosha yekugadzirisa mamwe matunhu ezvehupfumi nemari yakaderera. Uyezve, ndiyo chete imwe nzira yekuvandudza kushanda kwesimba, inova ndiyo musimboti wedecarbonisation.
Nekudaro, kune kumwe kushandiswa kwesimba kupera, magetsi haagone kana kukwikwidza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kudzikisira kusvibiswa kunoda kushandiswa kwemafuta enecarbonized, ayo ari mune yekutanga tekinoroji uye achiri kudhura.
Dambudziko rekutanga kweshanduko yesimba rinoshanda nderokugadzirisa zvizere chikamu chemagetsi, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi nekukwikwidza, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekubatanidzwa kwesimba rinowedzerwazve muposifoli yekugadzira magetsi. Inofungidzirwa kuti kutenderedza 65% yesimba rinowedzerwazve inogadzirwa ne2030 uye 85% na2050. Izvi zvinoda zvimwe zviito zvakadai seinotevera:
- Kurudzira simba rinowedzerwazve uye kusimudzira makwikwi nzira.
- Iyo budiriro uye digitization ye network network ine yakagadzika uye inofungidzirwa mutemo wekutonga.
- Gadzira chinzvimbo chinokwanisa kuona kuti sisitimu ine simba rakakodzera uye inochinjika nenzira yakagadzikana.
- Kurudzira yakasimba-simba simba chengetedzo uye kusimudzira yakakwira-permeability manejimendi inowedzerwazve simba.
Dambudziko rechipiri nderekugadzirisa mamwe matunhu ehupfumi kuburikidza nekuwedzera magetsi. kunyanya mukutakura (kuburikidza nemotokari dzemagetsi) uye zvivakwa (kuburikidza nemapombi ekupisa emagetsi). Kune izvi, zvinodikanwa kuti uise hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yemakwikwi pakati pesimba:
- Zvinoenderana ne "inosvibisa inobhadhara" musimboti, gadzira mutero wakaenzana wezvakatipoteredza (masimba ese esimba anotakura mutengo we decarbonization).
- Bvisa zvipingaidzo kumagetsi, bvisa isiri-magetsi magetsi, uye kusimudzira mashandisirwo emagetsi.
Isinga-magetsi simba
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa nevatengi, zvakadai sekutakura, kubhururuka, kutakura-basa rekufambisa, kana maindasitiri anotonhora zvakanyanya. hazvigoneke kana kusaikwikwidza mumagetsi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinodikanwa kushandisa mafuta akasarudzika kuti awane kwazvakarerekera kabhoni, kunyangwe kukura kwavo kwetekinoroji kusati kwakura, saka mutengo wazvino wakanyanya kwazvo.
Aya niches anoverengera 16% yesimba rekushandisa kweEU uye chisi, saka zvine mashoma maitiro pakuverenga kwese uye dzinogona kugadziriswa gare gare apo matekinoroji anodikanwa anova anokwikwidza.
Kuvandudza yako matekinoroji kukura, zvakafanira kusimudzira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kweiyi mhinduro yekuchenesa, uye inosanganisira maindasitiri ane hukama kugadzirisa kukwidziridzwa kwemaitiro ako.
Nhanho nhanho
Izwi rekuti decarbonisation rakadzokororwa nekuwedzera kuwanda mumitauro yezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro eruzhinji maturusi munyika dzakasiyana. Izvi zvine chinangwa chekutora matanho kubvisa kudyiwa kwemafuta ane kabhoni mune mamorekuru mamiriro, iwo anopisa ayo anoburitsa simba, zvinosvibisa uye magreenhouse magasi.
Mafuta anosanganisira marasha, oiri, zvigadzirwa zvavo, uye gasi rechisikigo (methane). Ivo vese vane chinhu chakajairika chemakemikari, kabhoni (C), iyo isingafanire kuvhiringidzwa nekabhoni, inova ingori huni imwe muboka iri. Mamwe mafuta, akadai sehuni, anewo kabhoni, asi zvinoenderana nemhando yezvinomera, kabhoni inowanzovapo muhuswa kwemakumi emakore, mazana emakore, uye zviuru zvemakore.
Mafuta paanotsva kuti awane simba, anogadzira huwandu hwakasiyana hwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi nezvimwe zvinhu, zvakawanda zvacho zvinosvibisa. Izvo zvinoburitswa mukuita zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemafuta ega ega uye tekinoroji inoshandiswa kuzvipisa. Iyo yakawedzera kabhoni mune mamorekuru chimiro, inowedzera huwandu hweichi chinhu chakaburitswa mudenga. Uyezve, kana zvisaririra zvemafuta zvakaita semafuta, marasha kana gasi rechisikirwo zvatsva, kabhoni iyo yaifanirwa kunge yakachengetwa kwezviuru zvemakore inoenderera ichitenderera mudenga.
Kana kupisa kwakakwana, kabhoni uye hydrogen iri mumafuta inosangana neoksijeni iri mumhepo uye izvo chete-zvigadzirwa-carbon dioxide nemvura (H2O). Asi, muchokwadi, inoburitsawo choutsi chezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, senge chinhu chakakosha, kabhoni monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides uye zvisina kugadzikana makemikari makemikari. Zvimwe zvacho zvinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze enharaunda.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda chete nezve decarbonization uye ayo maitiro.