Inozivikanwa se Kupera kweNyika Vault uye kunzi zviri pamutemo Svalbard Global Mbeu Yemuchadenga yakahwanda nezve 120 metres kudzika, zvakanyanyisa kuwanikwa mugomo muzvitsuwa zveNorway zveSvalbard, muArctic.
Iyi kamuri ine zvombo uye yakagadzirira kumira kuputika kwenyukireya, kuputika kwemakomo, kudengenyeka kwenyika nedzimwe njodzi, zvese zvakasikwa nevanhu.
Nei uchivaka iyi Vault?
Kuguma kweNyika Vault Yakavakwa kuchengetedza masampuli mazana masere nemakumi matanhatu emakumi mana emhando dzinopfuura zviuru zvina zvembeu dzinobva munyika 860.000
Nechinangwa chekuti rimwe zuva ivo vanokwanisa kushandiswa mune dambudziko renyika.
Yakagadzirwa muna2.008 uye nhasi uno bhanga guru rembeu rakagamuchira mhando dzinopfuura zviuru makumi maviri zvembeu kubva kunyika zana pasi rese.
Wekupedzisira kutora chikamu uyo akabatana nechikonzero ichi (senyika inopa mbeu) ihurumende yeJapan, iyo yaipa mienzaniso yebhari.
Mutori wechikamu nekuda kwe hanya nekuchengetedza kwenguva refu kwezvirimwa zvako izvo zvakamuka mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika uye tsunami muna 2.011.
Zvisikwa zvake
Iyo Vault kana Chamber, iri inobhadharwa neHurumende yeNorway uye inotsigirwa neGlobal Crop Diversity Trust, riri boka rine nyika dzinoverengeka nemasangano akazvimirira ega anotora chikamu, kusanganisira iyo Bill neMelinda Gates Foundation.
Chii chinoitirwa neichi shanda seinogona kuve kabhodhi nedura revanhu vese muchiitiko chekuti zvirimwa zviripo zvepasi zvakaparadzwa zvachose nenjodzi, ingave yakakonzerwa nevanhu vakaita sehondo yenyukireya, kana zvakasikwa zvichikonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kana "muparadzi". Denda rezvekurima.
Nzvimbo yayo, inodzivirirwa nehermetic mikova uye inofamba michina, yakakamurwa kuita matura matatu, uko vanochengeta mbeu paminus 18 degrees mumabhokisi ealuminium
Naizvozvi, ivo vanokwanisa kuvimbisa chinzvimbo chekuchengetedza chembeu dzese kwemazana emakore, izvo zvinoramba zvichitonhorwa nechando kunyangwe magetsi abva.
Background
Kuvapo kwemabhanga embeu hachisi chinhu chitsva, chokwadi, nyika dzese dzepasi rino dzine mabhanga adzo
Nzvimbo inochengetwa masampula embeu pamwe nekufungidzira kuti, nekuda kwechimwe chiitiko kana chimwe, zvirimwa zvichanyangarika kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye zvinofanirwa kutsiviwa.
Ivo vanozvarwa vakadai emunharaunda mabhanga embeu, chiyero chakakosha chekuchengetedza chikafu.
Nenzira iyi, ivo vanopa masayendisiti nevarimi mudunhu dzakasiyana mhando dzembeu dzezvirimwa, kuitira kuti, kana kune chirwere kana matambudziko ekunze, zvirimwa zvemuno hazvirasike.
Imwe pfungwa ndeyokuchengetedza mhando dzemagene.
Svalbard, iri chaizvo nzvimbo yepasi rese yebhangi system, yakagadzirirwa kuunganidza nekuchengetedza mazana ezviuru zvemarudzi, nokudaro ichisanganisira ingangoita yese zvirimwa izvo (zvakamborimwa) nevanhu.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, Kupera kweNyika Vault kana iyo Global Chamber yeMbeu kune izvi zvese, ine muunganidzwa wakakura kwazvo wezvirimwa zvipenyu pasi pano.
Kuchengetedza mamirioni nemamiriyoni embeu yemarudzi anodarika zviuru mazana masere nemakumi matanhatu.
Izvo, pasina kupokana, kukupa iwe zano, se "backup" inovavarira kuchengetedza vanhu kubva kunzara inokonzerwa nematambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kana nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzega kana dzevanhu.
Kutanga kuvhura
Hongu, kuvhura kwekutanga uye zvirokwazvo kwete kwekupedzisira.
Kupera kweNyika Vault kana "Areka yaNoa" yembeu yakatanga kuona chiedza cheZuva muna 2015.
Mugore iro, nyika yakazviziva izvozvo ICARDA vakuru vebhanga rembeu muAleppo (akatamira kuBeirut semhedzisiro yehondo) ivo vakakumbira mamirioni 116.000 kuti atorwe kubva kuSvalbard.
Hakuna mhodzi yakambofanirwa kubviswa kusvika gore iro. nekuda kweSyria Yenyika Hondo, izvo zvakakonzera nyonganiso dzakadai zvekuti vanhu "vanochengetedza" Kupera kweNyika Vault vakasimudza alarm
Brian Lainoff, Mutauriri weCrop Trust (mumwe wevault matrustii epasi rese) akati:
"Vault inogona kuvhurwa chete kana paitika chiitiko chine njodzi, senge mafashama kana kusanaya kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kutyisidzira chirimwa nekutsakatika."
"Isu hatizive chete zvichaitika, chero nguva vanogona kurwisa zvivakwa." Lainoff akanongedzera nezve International Center Yekutsvagisa Kwekurima muArid Zones iri muSyria, rimwe remabhangi epasi gumi nembiri eCrop Trust.
Chikonzero chechikumbiro chekubviswa kwembeu ndechekuti vaifanirwa kudzoreredza muunganidzwa wakange wakanganiswa nekukonana (kuuraya panguva iyoyo vanhu mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru uye zvichikonzera vanopfuura mamirioni gumi neimwe kutiza dzimba dzavo).
Njodzi senge panguva iyoyo mumakakatanwa eSyria ndizvo chaizvo zviitiko zvegadziriro iyi yekuchengetedza yakagadzirirwa kutsigira.
Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvepasi rose ndizvo chaizvo chinangwa cheSvalbard Seed Vault.
Akawana manzwiro
Zvisinei, vashandi veSvalbard's Responsible Crop Trust vane maonero ekuti Izvo zvinocherechedzwa kuti zvinosuwisa sei kuti iko kwekutanga kubvisa kubva kuiyi Vault kuri mukupindura kunjodzi yakaitwa nevanhu, panzvimbo peimwe mhando yenjodzi yemamiriro ekunze.
Neraki, ICARDA ichadzosera mhando dzezvirimwa zvayakachengetedza, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kuve zvakakosha mukubatsira nyika kuti irarame mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuisa nharaunda nharaunda zvakanyanya munjodzi.
Kunyangwe kune rimwe divi uye zvinosuwisa, zvinosuwisa zvikuru kuti ICARDA haichakwanise kuchengetedza mashandiro ayo muAleppo (iro guta hombe muSyria uye imwe yemaguta ekare agarwa pasi rese) nekuti yakaparadzwa nehondo.
Kuchengetedza nhoroondo yese yezvekurima, aya mabhanga embeu anochengetedza iyo yakakosha kwazvo iyo yakatitendera kuti tirarame uye tibudirire seshiri.
Siriya yaive "yeforge" yezviratidzo zvekutanga zvekurima munhoroondo yevanhu, saka zvinorwadza kuti iri imomo chaipo, nzvimbo yavaifanira kupa mbeu kubhanga remuno.
Kupera kweNyika Vault hakuchina kuchengetedzeka
Chikamu chekupedzisira cheruzivo chakagamuchirwa kubva kuSvalbard ndechekuti Vault vakatambura kupinda kwemvura nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha, kuisa pangozi pfuma iyo inogara pakati pemachando.
Svalbard Vault yakazorohwa nemhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kuwedzera kwetembiricha kwakakonzera iyo yakasvibira permafrost kuti inyungudike, zvinoreva kuti ivhu rakakomberedza Chamber rakatanga kunyungudika, uye mvura yakatanga kupinda mukati memusuwo wekupinda.
RFI Hege Aschim, mutauriri weStatsbygg, kambani inoona nezvechivakwa nehunyanzvi muSvalbard mune chirevo chakati:
«Iyo tunnel yakareba kwazvo, kutenderera zana metres. Muna Gumiguru 100, takave netembiricha yakanyanya uye mvura yakawanda munzvimbo yeSvalbard uye takava nemafashama makuru "
"Wanga uri Mugovera manheru. Mvura zhinji yakapinda nemumupendero wekupinda, unosvika pamamita gumi nemashanu kana makumi maviri mukati uye sezvo kuri kutonhora mukati, mvura yakaita chando. Ini ndinofanira kutaura kuti mbeu nembeu yevhavha pachayo haina kumbobvira yave panjodzi. Asi isu takave nematombo echando pamusuwo, uye izvi zviri pachena kuti zvaisafanirwa kuitika.
Sezvo isu tisingakwanise kupinda nemichina ipapo, tinovaburitsa nerubatsiro rwevanodzima moto nevamwe vashandi. "Zvaishamisa."
Vaya vanoona nezve Global Chamber of Seeds vanovimbisa kuti mbeu (dzinosvika mazana mapfumbamwe ezviuru) hadzina kukanganiswa, kunyange hazvo zvaive zvakakodzera kutora matanho ekugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Kambani yeStatsbygg yakabvisa michina yemagetsi pamusuwo kudzikisa kupisa uye ndokuvaka masvingo asina mvura mukati memugero uye migero yemadhiri mumakomo akapoterera.
Mutauriri weStatsbygg RFI Hege Aschim akataura:
“Tichagadzirisa mugero wekuwana uye nekuvaka chikamu chitsva. Izvozvi zvagadzirwa nechinhu chesimbi, saka chichava chivakwa chakasimba.
“Tiri kubatsirawo mugero nekugadzirisa ivhu rakaukomberedza. Tiri kuzochinja anenge zviuru gumi nemana emamita emamita cubic epasi kutenderera kuvakwa.
Tichabatsira nyika ino kuti itonhorere nekuda kwepombi dzinotonhora. Uye pamusoro pemugwagwa, tichaisa mhando yekapeti inotonhora. Zvese izvi kubatsira kuti permafrost igadzikane. "
Aya mabasa akarongerwa kutanga muchirimo chegore rino, nguva pfupi mushure megumi regumi rekugadzwa kweWorld Seed Bank.
Masangano ane chekuita, kusanganisira Hurumende yeNorway, vanovimba kuti dura reSvalbard richagara nekusingaperi munzvimbo ino, Arctic, pakati pevanonyanya kukanganiswa nekudziya kwepasi.
Pfungwa yekupedzisira
Kuguma kweNyika Vault kwakavakwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu pane imwe nyika iyo ivo pachavo vari kutarisira kuparadza munzira dzakasiyana siyana.
Zvinoita sekunge zvinopokana, asi ichokwadi chinosuruvarisa kuti kune rumwe rutivi, tinogadzira kusvibiswa, tinourayana, tinoparadza Zvakatipoteredza uye tinorwisa zvimwe zvisikwa nezviito zvedu, uye kune imwe, tinova nechokwadi chekurarama kuitira yenjodzi.