Chii chinonzi plankton

plankton pasi pe microscope

Zvinhu zvipenyu zvinodya nekutevera cheni yechikafu iyo yakavakirwa pamatanho akasiyana umo zvipenyu zviri izvo zvinodya uye zvimwe ndizvo zvinodyiwa. Nheyo yekubatanidza mumaketani ezvokudya zvegungwa iplankton. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi chii chinonzi plankton kana kukosha kwayo. Uku ndiko kutanga kwecheni yekudya uye kunoumbwa netunhu tudiki kwazvo tunokwanisa kuita photosynthesis. Basa rayo guru ndere kushanda sechikafu chevazhinji vapenyu vegungwa. Naizvozvo, yakakosha kwazvo kuvandudzwa kwezvisikwa uye hupenyu hwemumvura.

Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza chinonzi plankton, kukosha kwayo uye hunhu hwayo.

Chii chinonzi plankton

microscopic plankton

Plankton ndizvo boka rezvisikwa zvinoyangarara mukufamba kwemafungu egungwa. Izwi rekuti plankton rinoreva kudzungaira kana kufamba-famba. Iri boka rezvisikwa rakasiyana kwazvo, rakasiyana uye rine nzvimbo dzekugara dzemvura nyowani nemvura yegungwa. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinogona kusvika kumatunhu anosvika kumabhirioni avanhu uye kuwedzera mumakungwa anotonhora. Mune mamwe masisitimu akasimba, akadai semadhamu, madziva kana makontena ane mvura yakangoti zii, tinogona kuwana plankton.

Zvichienderana nechikafu chako uye mhando yefomu, pane akasiyana marudzi eplankton. Tichaganhura pakati pavo:

  • Phytoplankton: Icho chirimwa chemapango chine zviitwa zvakafanana neizvo zvezvirimwa nekuti zvinowana simba uye zvinhu zvakasikwa kuburikidza nefotosinthesisi. Inogona kugara mudenga remvura inoendesa mwenje, ndiko kuti, muchikamu chegungwa kana mvura kwainogamuchira zuva rakananga. Inogona kuvapo pakadzika kwemamita mazana maviri, uko huwandu hwezuva riri shoma uye zvishoma. Iyi phytoplankton inonyorwa zvakanyanya ne cyanobacteria, diatoms, uye dinoflagellates.
  • Zooplankton: iyo zooplankton inodya phytoplankton uye zvimwe zvipenyu zveboka rimwe chete. Inonyanya kugadzirwa nemakrustaceans, jellyfish, hove dzehove, uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvidiki. Izvi zvisikwa zvinogona kusiyaniswa maererano nenguva yehupenyu. Kune zvimwe zvipenyu izvo zviri chikamu cheplankton mukati mehupenyu hwayo hwese uye anonzi holoplanktons. Kune rimwe divi, idzo dzinongova chikamu che zooplankton panguva yenguva muhupenyu hwavo (kazhinji kana iri nhanho yavo yekukura) dzinozivikanwa nezita rekuti meroplankton.
  • Plankton mabhakitiriya: Iyo ndiyo mhando yeplankton inoumbwa nenzvimbo dzehutachiona. Basa rayo guru kuputsa marara uye kutamba chinzvimbo chakakosha mune biogeochemical kutenderera kwekabhoni, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus uye zvimwe zvinhu. Inopinzwawo kuburikidza neketani yechikafu.
  • Planktonic hutachiona: hutachiona hwemumvura. Iwo anonyanya kuve akaumbwa nema bacteriophage hutachiona uye mamwe eukaryotic algae. Basa rayo guru ndere kuyeuchidza zvinovaka muviri muiyo biogeochemical kutenderera uye kuita chikamu checheni yezvinovaka muviri.

Mhando dzeplankton

Plankton

Mazhinji epltonton zvipenyu zvine microscopic muhukuru. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisakwanise kuona neziso rakashama. Ivhareji saizi yezvipenyu izvi iri pakati pemakumi matanhatu emamirioni uye millimeter. Mhando dzakasiyana dzeplankton dzinogona kuvapo mumvura ndedzinotevera:

  • Ultraplankton: Ivo vanoyera anenge mashanu microns. Ndiwo madiki madiki tusikarudzi, anosanganisira mabhakitiriya uye madiki magegeji. Flagellates ndizvo zvisikwa zvine flagella.
  • Nanoplankton: Ivo vanoyera pakati pe5 kusvika 60 metres uye vanogadzirwa neiyo unicellular microalgae, senge madiki diatoms uye coccolithophores.
  • Microplankton: Iwo akakura, anosvika pakati pemakumi matanhatu emamirioni uye 60 mm. Pano isu tinowana imwe unicellular microalgae, mollusk maruva uye macopepods.
  • Medium plankton: ziso remunhu rinogona kuona zvisikwa zvehukuru uhwu. Inoyera pakati pe1 kusvika 5 mm uye yakaumbwa nemaruva ehove.
  • Plankton hombe: pakati pe5 mm ne10 cm muhukuru. Pano pakauya sargasso, salps uye jellyfish.
  • Giant plankton: zvisikwa pamusoro pe 10 cm muhukuru. Tine jellyfish pano.

Zvese zvipenyu zviripo muplankton zvine mhando dzakasiyana dzemitumbi uye zvinopindura kune izvo zvinodiwa nharaunda yavanogara. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvinodiwa nemuviri ndiko kuyerera kana kutenderera kwemvura. Kwavari, nharaunda yemumakungwa ine viscous uye zvinodikanwa kukunda kurwisa kwekufamba mumvura.

Kune akawanda marongero uye matanho anoshanduka ekusimudzira mvura inoyerera inogona kuwedzera mukana wekupona. Kuwedzera iyo nzvimbo yemuviri, kuwedzera madonhwe emafuta kune cytoplasm, shelling, kuteura uye zvimwe zvimiro inzira dzakasiyana uye magadzirirwo ekugona kurarama munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemumvura uye nemvura yakachena. Kune zvimwe zvisikwa zvine kugona kushambira kwakanaka, nekuda kweflagella uye mamwe ma locomotive appendages, sezvazviri nema copepods.

Iyo viscosity yemvura inochinja netembiricha. Kunyangwe isu tisingazviratidze pachedu neziso rakashama, tupukanana tunozviona. Mumvura inodziya, iyo viscosity yemvura iri pasi. Izvi zvinokanganisa buoyancy yemunhu. Nechikonzero ichi, diatoms yaumba cyclomorphosis, inova mukana wekuumba akasiyana muviri maumbirwo muzhizha uye munguva yechando kuenderana neshanduko mune viscosity yemvura ine tembiricha.

Kukosha kwehupenyu

nano aquarium zvirimwa

Vanhu vanogara vachiti plankton chinhu chakakosha pane chero nzvimbo yekugara yegungwa. Kukosha kwayo kuri muketani yezvokudya. Iyo webhu yekudya pakati pevagadziri, vatengi uye vanoparara inosimbiswa mubiome. Phytoplankton inogona kushandura simba rezuva kuita simba rinogona kushandiswa nevatengi uye neyakaora.

Phytoplankton inopedzwa ne zooplankton, iyo inozopedzwa neanodya nyama uye omnivores. Aya ndiwo zvikara zvezvimwe zvisikwa uye zvinokanganisa zvinomedza zvakaora. Aya ndiwo marongedzero akaitwa chikafu chese munzvimbo dzekugara dzemumvura.

Phytoplankton inonwisa huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kuburikidza nefotosinthesisi uye inopa makumi mashanu muzana yeoksijeni yatinofema mudenga. Iyo yakafa plankton inoburitsa nhete yedutu, kana yangogadzirwa nefossilize, inogadzira mafuta anodikanwa kwazvo.

Sezvauri kuona, dzimwe nguva chinonyanya kukosha chidiki kwazvo muhukuru. Mune ino kesi, plankton ndiyo hwaro hwekudya kwenzvimbo yegungwa. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii chinonzi plankton, hunhu hwayo uye kukosha kwayo.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako