Ozone (O3) imorekuru rakagadzirwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni. Ozone inoumbwa apo molecule reokisijeni rinofara zvekusvika pakuputsika muatomu yeokisijeni nemazinga maviri esimba akasiyana, uye kukonana kuri pakati peatomu akasiyana ndiko kunogadzira ozone. Iyo allotrope yeokisijeni, inokonzerwa nekugadzirisazve maatomu eokisijeni apo molecule inoiswa pasi pemagetsi. Nokudaro, ndiyo inonyanya kushanda yeokisijeni. Izvo zvakakosha zvikuru nekuti ndicho chinhu chikuru che ozone layer. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda havazivi chii chinonzi ozone.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichazotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti ozone chii, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.
Chii chinonzi ozone
Chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein akakwanisa kutsaura musanganiswa uyu une gasi kubva paizwi rechiGiriki ozein muna 1839 ndokuritumidza kuti "ozone", zvinoreva kuti "kunhuwa". Gare gare, muna 1867. yakasimbisa iyo ozone formula O3 yakatemwa makore matatu apfuura naJacques-Louis Soret.
Ozone musanganiswa wegasi une tint yeblue. Mumvura, patembiricha iri pasi -115ºC, iri indigo yebhuruu. Nemasikirwo ayo, ozone ine oxidizing zvakanyanya, saka ine basa rekuuraya hutachiona, kucheneswa uye kubvisa pathogenic tupukanana senge mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, fungi, molds, spores ...
Ozone inobvisa kunhuhwirira nekurwisa zvakananga chikonzero chekunhuwa (zvinonhuwirira zvinhu) uye haiwedzeri chero humwe hwema hwakafanana nemhepo inofefetera kuedza kuivhara. Kusiyana nemamwe mishonga inouraya utachiona, ozone haisiye zvisaririra zvemakemikari nekuti igasi risina kugadzikana rinokurumidza kuora richiita okisijeni pasi pekuita kwechiedza, kupisa, kuvhunduka kwemagetsi, nezvimwe.
Main inoshandisa
ozonation ndiko kurapwa kupi uko ozone inoshandiswa. Kushandiswa kukuru kwekurapa uku ndiko kuuraya hutachiona uye kunhuhwirira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kurapwa nekucheneswa kwemvura. Izvi zvinobvisa pathogenic microorganisms uye kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi.
Ozone inogona kugadzirwa zvisirizvo uchishandisa ozone jenareta kana ozonator. Midziyo iyi inounza mweya weokisijeni kubva mumhepo yemukati uye inogadzira kubuda kwemagetsi (inonzi "corona effect") pama electrode. Kubuda uku kunopatsanura maatomu maviri anoumba chidimbu cheokisijeni, icho chinozobatanidza matatu nematatu kuita morekuru idzva, ozone (O3).
Nokudaro, ozone ndiyo inonyanya kushanda yeokisijeni, yakagadzirwa kubva kumaatomu matatu eokisijeni iyo inorwisa pathogenic uye / kana inokuvadza organic compounds (makuru ezvikamu zvekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza).
Inobatsira zvinhu zve ozone
Kana tangoziva kuti ozone chii, tichaona kuti zvii zvinobatsira zvayo.
microbicide
Zvichida ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pfuma yeozone, uye mamwe akawanda maapplication anonzi akaiswa pairi. Microorganisms imhando ipi neipi yehupenyu isingaonekwe neziso remunhu uye inoda kushandiswa kwemaikorosikopu kuona. Zvipembenene zvinonzi pathogens ndezviya zvinokwanisa kukonzera zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Kazhinji dzinogara pamhando dzese dzepasi, mumhando dzese dzemvura, kana kuyangarara mumhepo zvine chekuita nehuruva diki, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakavharika apo mhepo inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma.
Ozone, nekuda kweiyo oxidizing zvimiro, inoonekwa seimwe inokurumidza uye inoshanda kwazvo fungicides inozivikanwa, inokwanisa kuita pane huwandu hukuru hwehutachiona senge mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, fungi uye spores. Ese ane mhosva yehutano hwevanhu uye hwema husingafadzi.
Ozone inactivates aya ma microorganisms nekuita nawo intracellular enzymes, zvinhu zvenyukireya uye zvikamu zvehamvuropu yayo yesero, spores uye viral capsids. Nenzira iyi, ma microorganisms haakwanise kuchinja uye kupa kuramba kurapwa uku nekuti kuparadzwa kweiyo genetic zvinhu kunoitika. Ozone inoshanda neoxidizing particles mu cell membrane, kuita shuwa kuti haidzokeri.
Ozone kurapwa haina kunhuhwirira, saka haina basa rekuita sanitizing uye kusadzikamisa chero mhando yekunhuhwirira, asi zvakare haireve kunhuhwirira kwakananga pakupera kwekushandisa. Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti ozone haiburitse chero zvakasara, sezvo iri chidimbu chisina kugadzikana, inoda kudzokera kuchimiro chayo chepakutanga, oxygen (O2), saka, inoremekedza zvakatipoteredza uye zvigadzirwa, uye inovimbisa kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
Deodorizer
Chimwe chimiro cheozone kukwanisa kwayo kubvisa chero rudzi rwekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi pasina kusiya chero rudzi rwezvasara. Kurapa uku kunobatsira zvikuru munzvimbo dzakavharwa apo mhepo haigoni kugara ichivandudzwa. Munzvimbo dzemhando idzi, kana paine kuuya kwevanhu, kunhuwa kusingafadzi kungamuka (fodya, chikafu, humidity, ziya, nezvimwewo) nekuda kwekuita kwemamorekuru mukumisa uye ma microorganisms akasiyana pavari.
Ozone inorwisa nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri, kune rumwe rutivi iyo inokonzera organic matter, kunze kwekuirwisa ne ozonation, uye kune imwe inorwisa ma microorganisms anodya pairi. Kune dzakawanda zvinonhuwira zvinogona kuparadzwa ne ozone. Zvose zvinoenderana nemhando yechinhu chinokonzera kunhuwa. Kubva pane iyi pfuma, kusagadzikana kwayo kune chiito che ozone kunogona kutsanangurwa, pamwe chete nedosi inodiwa kubvisa ozone.
Mhedzisiro yeozonation yakarurama ndeyokuti apo kune kunhuhwirira kwakashata, hakunhuwi chero chinhu. Sezvinei nechero disinfectant, simba rekuuraya hutachiona reozone rinoenderana nekusangana kwayo uye nguva yekubatana pakati pejena utachiona uye pathogen. Ozone inopindura nekukurumidza kune utachiona nekuti ioxidant yezvirwere.
ozone kukanganisa
Ozone haina kungoita zvinobatsira zvinhu, asiwo zvimwe zvine ngozi kuhutano hwevanhu. Izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kukuvadza kwe ozone. Mhedzisiro pahutano zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuratidzwa kune ozone (nguva uye huwandu):
- Kukurumidza kuchembera kwemapapu.
- Kukanganisa kushanda kwemapapu.
- Kushatirwa kwemaziso, mhino nehuro.
- asthma kurwisa
- Kutemwa nemusoro.
- Kuchinja kwe immune system.
Ndosaka muchirimo kunyanya munzvimbo idzo dzine mwero wepamusoro wekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kune zuva uye kupisa zvakanyanya (hapana mhepo), iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa kuunganidzwa kweozone mumhepo uye tanga kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira pavanenge vaonekwa. Kupfuura 180 µg/m3 mumapoka ane njodzi huru uye anopfuura 240 µg/m3 muhuwandu hwevanhu.
Nokuda kweizvi, inofanira kurangarirwa kuti iyo ozone mukati meimba inowanzova 50% yeiyo kunze. Mukuwedzera, inopeperetswa nemhepo, uye iyo yepamusoro-soro mukati mezuva inowanzosvika masikati uye inowira pakuvira kwezuva.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ozone uye maitiro ayo.