Tsaona yeChernobyl yenyukireya

Imwe yenjodzi dzinoparadza zvikuru dzenyukireya munhoroondo uye inozivikanwa pasi rese yave tsaona ye Chernobyl. Inoonekwa seyakaipisisa njodzi yenyukireya munhoroondo yese uye, kunyangwe nanhasi, kune mhedzisiro kune zvese zvinomera, mhuka nevanhu. Tsaona iyi yakaitika muna Kubvumbi 26, 1986 uye kuchine mhedzisiro. Iyi njodzi yaive nguva yemvura kune ese Cold Hondo uye nhoroondo yesimba renyukireya. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti nzvimbo yakatenderedza chese chekare gwenya renyukireya harigare kwemamwe makore zviuru makumi maviri.

Muchikamu chino tichaudza zvese zvakaitika uye nemhedzisiro yenjodzi yeChernobyl.

Chii chakaitika muChernobyl

Njodzi yenyukireya iyi yakaitika padyo neguta reChernobyl muyaimbova USSR. Guta iri rakaisa mari zhinji musimba renyukireya mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Izvo zvaive kubva 1977 kusvika apo masayendisiti eSoviet aive achitungamira gadza 4 RBMK mhando yenyukireya inogadziriswa panzvimbo yemagetsi enyukireya. Ichi chirimwa chenyukireya chiri pamuganhu uripo pakati peUkraine neBelarus.

Tsaona yakatanga neyakajairidzwa yekugadzirisa kudzidziswa kweyechina reactor yeiyo nyukiliya simba chirimwa. Vashandi vaive nepfungwa yekushandisa nguva yavaive vachishandira kuti vakwanise kuyedza kana iyo reactor yaigona kutonhorera muchiitiko chekuti chirimwa chakasiiwa chisina chero mhando yemagetsi. Sezvatinoziva, mabviro ekuputika kwenyukireya kunoitika nekuda kwekugona kwezvinhu zvenyukireya kutonhora pasi pane tembiricha yakaderera isina magetsi.

Nekudaro, panguva yekuyedza kuitisa bvunzo. vashandi vakaputsa dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza uye izvi zvakangoerekana zvawedzera simba mukati memuti. Kunyangwe ivo vakaita imwe kuyedza kuvhara iyo reactor, paive nekumwe kuwedzera kwesimba kwakakonzera cheni kuita kwekuputika mukati. Pakupedzisira, iyo reactor musimboti yakafumurwa uye huwandu hwakawanda hwe radioactive zvinhu hwakadzingwa mumhepo.

Mwedzi mishoma mushure meReactor 4 paChernobyl Nuclear Power Plant yakaputika mumarimi aive aine chepfu, yaive yakafukidzwa nemari yakawanda yekongiri nesimbi kuti ive nezvinhu zvese zvine radioactive mukati. Ichi chivakwa chekare chakavigwa kudzivirira kuwedzera kwemwaranzi. Makore mashoma apfuura, mu2016, yakasimbiswa nechinhu chitsva kuitira kuti nhasi zvinhu zvine radioactive zvisaonekwa.

Uye ndeyekuti mwaranzi inoramba iripo mumhepo kwezviuru zvemakore. Neichi chikonzero, inova yakakosha zvakanyanya kuchengetedza iyo reactor musimboti kuitira kuti radiation isisakwanise kuburitswa.

Njodzi yenyukireya

Njodzi yenyukireya yakatanga apo kukanganiswa kwese kwecheni kwakakonzera kuputika mukati megwenya remagetsi enyukireya. Vanodzima moto vakaedza kudzimura moto wakateedzana uye pakupedzisira, maherikoputa akarasa jecha nezvimwe zvinhu mukuyedza kudzima mwoto uye uine kusvibiswa. Vanhu vaviri vakaurayiwa panguva yekuputika uye huwandu hwakawanda hwevashandi uye vanodzima moto vakaiswa muchipatara. Nekudaro, njodzi yekudonha nemwaranzi nemoto zvaivepo. Hapana akaburitswa munzvimbo dzakapoteredza, kunyangwe muguta rePripiat riri padyo. Iri guta rakavakirwa kugara vese vashandi veichi chirimwa. Akanga atove maawa makumi matatu nemasere mushure medambudziko iro nzvimbo yakatanga kubudiswa.

Kuziviswa kwetsaona yenyukireya kwakaonekwa sengozi huru yezvematongerwo enyika, asi yakanga yanonoka uye yaisagona kuvanzwa. Kudonha kwacho kwakange kwatoparadzira mwaranzi kuSweden, uko zviremera pane imwe gwenya remagetsi enyukireya zvakatanga kushamisika kuti chii chiri kuitika muUSSR. Mushure mekuramba tsaona pakutanga, maSoviet vakapedzisira vazvizivisa musi waApril 28.

Yatarisana nenjodzi yenyukireya yakakura kudai, nyika yese yakatanga kuona kuti yaive ichiona chiitiko chakakosha. Kusvikira pamakumi matatu muzana eiyo uraniamu yematani mazana 30 muChernobyl yaive mumhepo. Ndipo apo Zvakasarudzwa kubvisa vanhu mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi matatu nemashanu uye nzvimbo yakasarudzika yemakiromita makumi matatu yakatangwa yakatenderedza reactor.

Mhedzisiro yetsaona yeChernobyl

Pakutanga, sezvazvakaitika Vanhu makumi maviri nemasere vakafa mutsaona uye vanopfuura zana vakakuvara. Masayendisiti ari eUnited Nations Scientific Committee yeChidzidzo cheMhedzisiro yeAtomic Radiation akazivisa kuti vanopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu zvevana nevechiri kuyaruka vakaita gomarara retachiona mushure mekuratidzwa nemwaranzi kubva muchiitiko chenyukireya. Uye ndeyekuti tsaona yakakonzera nhevedzano yezvimedu zvakapa nzvimbo yakanaka. Nekudaro, izvi zvimedu zvaive nezvakakura zvemwaranzi, izvo zvakakonzera kuti vagari vePripiat vaburitswe pachena kune yakawanda mwaranzi yakakonzera kuumbwa kwemamota.

Yakazara vanhu vangangoita zviuru zvina vakaoneswa mwaranzi uye semhedzisiro kenza inogona kuitika yakabatana neiyi radiation. Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yenjodzi, ichiwedzera zvinokanganisa hutano hwepfungwa nezvizvarwa zvinotevera, zvinoramba zvichikosha uye zvichiramba zvichikurukurwa kusvika nhasi.

Parizvino pane kuyedza kuve nekutarisa iwo mwaranzi uripo munzvimbo yeyakagadziriswa nyukireya. Zvisaririra zvemagetsi izvi zviri mukati mekamuri hombe resimbi rakagadzirwa mukupera kwegore ra2016. Kuongorora, kudzora uye kuchenesa zvinotarisirwa kuenderera kusvika kanosvika 2065.

Kuti vagare vese vashandi veichi nyukireya simba chirimwa muma70, guta rePripiat rakavakwa. Kubva ipapo, guta rino rave rakasiiwa chipoko guta uye parizvino riri kushandiswa se laboratori yekudzidza radioactive fallout mapatani.

Yenguva-refu mhedzisiro yenjodzi yenyukireya

Iko kunogara kuchitaurwa nezvenjodzi yenyukireya, zvinodikanwa kuti uongorore mhedzisiro yenguva refu. Iko kune iko kuitika kune iyo sango nemhuka dzakatenderedza idzo dziri kuongororwawo. Mushure metsaona iyi, nzvimbo ingangoita gumi km² yakanzizve "sango tsvuku". Izvi zvinodaro nekuti miti yakawanda yakashanduka yakatsvuka kuita brown ikafa mushure mekukwira mwero we radiation kubva mudenga.

Parizvino, tinoita iyo yese nzvimbo yekusiyiwa inotongwa nerunyararo runotyisa, asi ruzere nehupenyu. Mazhinji emiti akadzokerazve uye akajairira iwo mwero wepamusoro wemwaranzi. Zvese izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwezviitiko zvevanhu zvakapoteredzwa nemagetsi enyukireya. Huwandu hwevamwe marudzi senge lynxes uye kufambira mberi kwakawedzera. Inofungidzirwa kuti muna 2015 maive nemapere akapetwa kanomwe munzvimbo yekuregedza kupfuura masosi epedyo, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevanhu.

Sezvauri kuona, kunyangwe inozivikanwa yenyukireya njodzi seChernobyl inotidzidzisa kuti vanhu ndiro dambudziko chairo renharaunda.