Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve biogas

Kune akawanda anovandudzwa emagetsi sosi kunze kweizvo zvatinoziva semhepo, zuva, geothermal, hydraulic, nezvimwe. Nhasi tichaongorora nekudzidza nezve simba rinowedzerwazve, pamwe risingazivikanwe sevamwe vese, asi nesimba guru. Izvo ndezve biogas.

Biogas igasi rine simba rakatorwa mumarara. Pamusoro pekubatsira kwayo kwakawanda, iri fomu yesimba rakachena uye rinowedzerwazve. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve biogas?

Biogas hunhu

Biogas igasi iro rinogadzirwa munzvimbo dzechisikigo kana mune chaiwo madhizaini. Icho chigadzirwa chechigadzirwa cheiyo biodegradation yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Ivo anowanzo kugadzirwa mumafirifi ekuisira marara sezvo ese akaiswa manyowa zvinhu anodzikira. Kana zvataurwa zvinhu zvakasikwa zvikafumurwa kune vamiririri vekunze, iko kuita kwema microorganisms senge methanogenic bacteria (mabhakitiriya anoonekwa kana pasina oxygen uye anodyisa methane gasi) uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinozvidzikisira.

Munzvimbo idzi umo okisijeni isipo uye aya mabhakitiriya anodya zvinhu zvakasikwa, yavo tsvina chigadzirwa iri methane gasi uye CO2. Naizvozvo, kuumbwa kweiyo biogas iwo musanganiswa unoumbwa ne40% uye 70% methane uye nemamwe ese CO2. Iyo zvakare ine zvimwe zvidiki zvidiki zvikamu zvegasi senge hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) uye hydrogen sulfide (H2S), asi hazvisi zvakakosha.

Iyo biogas inogadzirwa sei

Biogas inogadzirwa neanaerobic kuora uye inobatsira pakurapa tsvina inogadziriswa, nekuti inogadzira mafuta emhando yepamusoro uye inogadzira tsvina inoiswa seyakagadzirisa ivhu kana manyowa akajairwa.

Nemweya uyu simba remagetsi rinogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Yokutanga ndeye kushandisa turbines kufambisa gasi uye kugadzira magetsi. Imwe ndeye kushandisa gasi kuburitsa kupisa muhovhoni, zvitofu, zvimaoma, mabhaira kana mamwe masisitimu emoto anoda gasi.

Sezvo inogadzirwa semhedzisiro yekuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, inoonekwa semhando yesimba rinowedzerwazve iro rinokwanisa kutsiva mafuta epasi. Nayo unogona zvakare kuwana simba rekubika uye kudziyisa senge gasi rechisikwa rinoshanda. Saizvozvowo, biogas yakabatana nejenareta uye inogadzira magetsi kuburikidza neinjini dzemukati dzemoto.

Simba rinogona kuitika

Saka zvekuti zvinogona kunzi biogas ine mikana yakadai sekutsiva mafuta epasi nekuda kwekuti inofanirwa kuve iine simba guru. Iine mita yemubhi ye biogas inogona kuburitsa anosvika maawa matanhatu echiedza. Chiedza chinogadzirwa chinogona kusvika kune imwechete sebhuru rebhuruu makumi matanhatu. Iwe unogona zvakare kumhanya cubic mita firiji kweawa imwe, iyo incubator kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, uye HP mota kwemaawa maviri.

Naizvozvo, biogas inofungidzirwa gasi rine simba rine simba rinoshamisa.

Biogas nhoroondo

Chekutanga chinotaurwa chinogona kuonwa neiyi gasi chakadzokera kumashure mugore ra1600, apo masayendisiti akati wandei paakacherekedza gasi iri seiri rinobva mukuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.

Kwemakore, muna 1890, yakavakwa yekutanga biodigester inogadzirwa biogas uye yakanga iri muIndia. Muna 1896 marambi emumigwagwa muExeter, England, akaiswa simba negasi raiunganidzwa kubva kumagaya aivirisa sludge kubva kune tsvina yemuguta.

Pakapera hondo dzenyika mbiri, anonzi mafekitori anogadzira biogas akatanga kupararira muEurope. Mune mafekitori aya biogas akagadzirwa kuti ashandiswe mumotokari dzenguva yacho. Imhoff matangi anozivikanwa seavo vanokwanisa kurapa tsvina yemvura uye kuvirisa zvinhu zvakasikwa kuti vagadzire biogas. Iyo gasi iyo yaigadzirwa yaishandiswa mukushanda kwezvirimwa, zvemotokari dzemasiparati uye mune mamwe maguta yakaiswa mukati megasi network.

Biogas kupararira yakavhiringidzwa nekuwana nyore uye mashandiro emafuta uye, mushure medambudziko remagetsi kuma 70s, biogas research uye budiriro zvakatangwazve munyika dzese dzepasi, zvichinyanya kutarisisa nyika dzeLatin America.

Pakati pemakore makumi maviri apfuura, kuvandudzwa kwe biogas kwakave nekufambira mberi kwakakosha nekuda kwekuwanikwa kweiyo microbiological uye biochemical maitiro anoita mairi uye nekuda kwekuferefetwa kwehunhu hwehutachiona hunopindira mune anaerobic mamiriro.

Chii chinonzi biodigesters?

Biodigesters mhando dzeyakavharwa, hermetic uye isina mvura midziyo panoiswa organic chinhu uye inobvumidzwa kuora uye kugadzira biogas. Iyo biodigester inofanira kunge yakavharwa uye hermetic kuitira kuti anaerobic bacteria anogona kuita uye kudzikisira organic zvinhu. Methanogenic mabhakitiriya anongokura mumamiriro ezvinhu pasina oxygen.

Aya maactor ane zvimiro emamiriyoni anopfuura chiuru emamita emagetsi uye vanoshanda mumamiriro ekunze kwetembiricha mesophilic (pakati pemakumi maviri nemakumi mana madhigirii) uye thermophilic (anodarika makumi mana madhigirii).

Biogas inotorwawo kubva kunovhara marara uko, sezvo zvidimbu zvezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakazadzwa nekuvharwa, nharaunda dzisina okisijeni dzakagadzirwa umo methanogenic mabhakitiriya ari kusvibisa zvinhu zvakasikwa uye achiburitsa biogas iyo inoburitswa kuburikidza neanotenderera machubhu.

Izvo zvakanakira izvo biodigesters zvine pamusoro pezvimwe zviwanikwa zvekugadzira magetsi ndezvekuti zvine yakaderera nharaunda kukanganisa uye hazvidi vashandi vane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, sechigadzirwa chinobva pakuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, mafotereza anogadzirwa anoshandiswa kushandura zvirimwa pakurima.

Germany, China neIndia ndedzimwe dzenyika dzinopayona mukuunza iyi mhando yehunyanzvi. MuLatin America, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay neBolivia vakaratidza budiriro huru mukubatanidzwa kwavo.

Biogas application nhasi

MuLatin America, biogas inoshandiswa kurapa stillage muArgentina. Stillage ndiyo yakasara inogadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwema nzimbe uye pasi pemamiriro eanaerobic inoshoreka uye inogadzira biogas.

Huwandu hwebiodigesters munyika hausati hwave kusarudzawo. MuEurope mune chete 130 biodigesters. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoshanda senge munda wemamwe magetsi anovandudzwa akadai sezuva nemhepo, ndiko kuti, sezvo tekinoroji inowanikwa uye ichigadzirwa, mutengo wekugadzira unodzikira uye kuvimbika kwechizvarwa chebiogas kunovandudzika. Naizvozvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanozove neyakafara nzvimbo yekusimudzira mune ramangwana.

Iko kushandiswa kwe biogas mumaruwa kwave kwakakosha kwazvo. Iyo yekutanga yakashanda kugadzira simba uye manyowa mafotereza evarimi munzvimbo dzakanyanya kumucheto avo vane mari shoma uye kuwana kwakaoma kune zvakajairika sosi yesimba.

Kune nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, hunyanzvi hwakagadzirwa hunotsvaga kuwana vanogaya nemutengo wakaderera uye nekugadzirisa kuri nyore kushanda. Simba rinoda kugadzirwa harina kunyanya kufanana nemumaguta, nekudaro harina mamiriro zvekuti kugona kwaro kwakakwira.

Imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa biogas nhasi Iri mune yezvekurima uye agro-maindasitiri chikamu. Chinangwa chebiogas mune izvi zvikamu kupa simba uye kugadzirisa matambudziko akakomba anokonzerwa nekusviba. Nema biodigesters kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa kunogona kudzorwa zvirinani. Aya biodigesters ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya uye mashandisiro awo, pamusoro pekuve nemari yakakwira yekutanga, ane yakaoma kugadzirisa uye mashandiro ehurongwa.

Kufambira mberi kwezvino mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo kwakabvumidza mashandisiro anoshanda eiyo gasi inogadzirwa uye kufambira mberi kuri munzira dzekuvirisa kunoona kusimudzira kwakasimba mundima iyi.

Kana urwu rudzi rwehunyanzvi rwunosanganisirwa, zvinomanikidzwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvinoburitswa museruweji yeneti yemaguta zvakasarudzika zvakasikwa. Zvikasadaro, kushanda kwevanogaya kunogona kukanganisika uye kugadzirwa kwebiogas kunonetsa. Izvi zvakaitika munyika dzinoverengeka uye biodigesters akasiiwa.

Muitiro wakapararira kwazvo pasi rese ndewewekurasa tsvina. Chinangwa cheiyi tsika ndeche iyo yekubvisa huwandu hwakawanda hwetsvina inogadzirwa mumaguta makuru uye neizvi, nehunyanzvi hwazvino uno, zvinokwanisika kubvisa nekuchenesa gasi remethane inogadzirwa uye kuti makumi emakore apfuura izvi zvakakonzera matambudziko akakomba. Matambudziko senge kufa kwehuswa hwaive munzvimbo dzaive pedyo nezvipatara, hwema hwakaipa uye zvinogona kuputika.

Kufambira mberi kwemaitiro ekubvisa biogas kwakatendera maguta mazhinji epasi, seSantiago de Chile, kushandisa biogas senzvimbo yesimba mune yakasarudzika gasi yekuparadzira network mumaguta.

Biogas ine tarisiro huru kune ramangwana, sezvo iri simba rinowedzerwazve, rakachena rinobatsira kudzikisira kusvibisa uye kurasa matambudziko ekurapa. Uye zvakare, inobatsira zvakanaka pakurima, ichipa seye-chigadzirwa chigadzirwa fetiraiza iyo inobatsira muhupenyu hwekutenderera kwezvigadzirwa uye nekubereka kwezvirimwa.