Iko kune mafuta anogadzirwa kubva kune biomass yepasi redu uye ayo, nekudaro, anoonekwa se biofuels kana mafuta anodzoreka. Mune ino kesi, isu ticha taura nezve bioethanol.
Bioethanol akasiyana biofuel iyo, kusiyana nemafuta, haisi mafuta echisaririra ayo atora mamirioni emakore kuumbwa. Zviri nezve ecological peturu iyo inogona kutsiva zvakakwana peturu sechisimba sosi. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvese zvine chekuita ne bioethanol, ramba uchiverenga 🙂
Biofuel shandisa chinangwa
Iko kushandiswa kwe biofuels kune chinangwa chikuru: kuderedza gasi rinokanganisa kupisa mumhepo. Greenhouse magasi anokwanisa kuchengetedza kupisa mumhepo uye nekuwedzera iwo wepakati tembiricha yepasi. Ichi chiitiko chiri kukonzera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwepasirese nemhedzisiro yakakomba.
Iko kushandiswa kwesimba kumunhu hakudzivisike. Zvisinei, simba iri rinogona zvinobva kunzvimbo dzinowanikwazve uye dzakachena. Muchiitiko ichi, bioethanol inoshanda sehuni yekufambisa ichibatsira kudzikisa aya emagetsi ekupisa ari kuwedzera kupisa kwepasi.
Kune rimwe divi, mashandisirwo ayo anonakidzawo nekuti haingoderedze mweya mukushandisa kwayo, asiwo inoderedza kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka. Kana bioethanol ichishandiswa semafuta, isu tiri kubatsira mukusimudzira zviitiko zvekurima nemaindasitiri, tichiwedzera kuzvigutsa kwenyika yedu. Uye ndezvekuti kuSpain isu tine yekutanga kambani yekupayona iyo yakagadzirwa kugadzira bioethanol padanho reEuropean.
Kuwana maitiro
Bioethanol, sezvambotaurwa, inotyaira zvekurima nemaindasitiri zviitiko sezvo ichiwanikwa kuburikidza kuvirisa yezvinhu zvakasikwa uye biomass iyo yakafuma mune makabhohaidhiretsi (mashuga, kunyanya). Izvi zvigadzirwa zvisineyi zvinowanzo: zviyo, chikafu chakapfuma musitashi, zvirimwa zveshuga uye pomace.
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzira bioethanol, akasiyana ma-zvigadzirwa anogona kugadzirwa kune chikafu uye indasitiri yesimba (nokudaro inokwanisa kutyaira zvikamu zvekugadzira izvi). Bioethanol inozivikanwawo se bioalcohol.
Chii ichochi?
Uchishandisa bioethanol kupisa mumba
Kushandiswa kwaro kukuru senge chinotsiva chaicho mafuta. Iyo inowanzoidaidzwa kuti girini peturu yekudzora kwayo mu greenhouse gasi emesi. Inowanzotsiviwa nepeturu sezvo ichizivikanwa nekuve neakakwira octane nhamba. Kuti udzivise shanduko muinjini yemota uye kuti haitambure, unogona kushandisa bioethanol ine 20% peturu. Nenzira iyi, pese patinoda marita gumi emafuta, semuenzaniso, tinogona kushandisa marita masere e bioethanol uye marita maviri chete epeturu.
Kunyangwe iine yakaderera calorific kukosha kupfuura peturu, inowanzo shandiswa kuwedzera iyo octane nhamba. Iyo yakakwira octane peturu ine, iyo yepamusoro mhando iyo inobatsira mukutyaira uye nepamusorosoro kugona kwainayo. Naizvozvo, 98 octane peturu inodhura kupfuura 95 octane.
Bioethanol inoshandiswa semafuta muBrazil, uko mukana wekuwedzera peturu pazviteshi zvegesi zvakajairika. Mafuta aya haangogumiri mukushandiswa kwenzvimbo yekutakura, asi zvakare Iyo inoshandiswa pakupisa uye kushandiswa kwemudzimba.
Zvemamiriro ekunze
Kunyangwe ichinzi biofuel kana girinhi girinhi, kukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza kunounza gakava pakati pevatsigiri nevanozvidza. Nepo kupisa kwe ethanol kuchikonzera kudzikira kweCO2 kuenzaniswa nepeturu yakatorwa mupeturu, iyo bioethanol inogadzirwa inosanganisira kudyiwa kwesimba.
Kudya bioethanol mumotokari yako hazvireve kuti hauna rusununguko, asi kuti dzakaderera. Nekudaro, kugadzira bioethanol simba rinodikanwa zvakare, saka chisi chinogadzirwawo. Kune zvidzidzo zvinoongorora kudzoka kwesimba rekudyara (ERR) ye bioethanol. Ndokunge, iwo huwandu hwesimba hunodiwa kuchizvarwa charo uchienzaniswa nesimba raanokwanisa kugadzira panguva yekushandisa. Kana mutsauko wacho uchibatsira uye uchienzaniswa neinobuda zvachose, bioethanol inogona kutariswa semafuta ane yakaderera nharaunda.
Bioethanol inogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro pane mitengo yezvokudya uye kutemwa kwemasango, sezvo zvinoenderana zvachose nezvirimwa zvataurwa pamusoro. Kana mutengo we bioethanol wakanyanya kudhura, mitengo yechikafu chaanotakura ichave zvakare.
Maitiro ekugadzira
Tichaona nhanho nhanho kuti bioethanol inogadzirwa sei mumuti. Zvichienderana nemhando yezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinoshandiswa, maitiro ekugadzira anosiyana. Matanho anonyanya kushandiswa anotevera:
- Dilution. Mukuita uku, mvura inowedzerwa kugadzirisa huwandu hweshuga inodikanwa pamusanganiswa kana huwandu hwedoro muchigadzirwa. Ichi chikamu chakakosha kudzivirira kuvharirwa kwembiriso kukura panguva yekuvira.
- Kutendeuka. Mukuita uku, starch kana cellulose iripo mune mbishi zvinhu inoshandurwa kuita ishuga inovira. Kuti izvi zviitike, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa chimera kana kushandisa nzira yekurapa inonzi acid hydrolysis.
- Kuvira. Iyi ndiyo nhanho yekupedzisira yekugadzirwa kwe bioethanol. Iyo inzira yeanaerobic iyo mbiriso (iyo ine enzyme inonzi invertase inoshanda sechinhu chinobatsira) kubatsira kushandura shuga kuita glucose uye fructose. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoita neimwe enzyme inonzi Zymase kuburitsa ethanol uye carbon dioxide.
Zvakanakira bioethanol
Iyo inonyanya kukosha mukana ndeyekuti iri chigadzirwa chinowedzerwazve, saka hapana kunetseka kwekuneta kwako mune ramangwana. Uye zvakare, zvinobatsira mukuderera kwazvino kwemafuta epasi uye kusatsamira pavari.
Iyo inewo zvimwe zvakanaka zvakadai se:
- Kushatiswa kushoma pane mafuta epasi.
- Iyo tekinoroji iyo inodikanwa mukugadzirwa kwayo yakapusa, saka chero nyika mupasi inogona kuigadzira.
- Iyo inopisa yakachena, ichiburitsa shoma sosi uye shoma CO2.
- Inoshanda seyakagadziriswa antifreeze muinjini, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya injini inotonhora kutanga, zvakare ichidzivirira kutonhora.
Bioethanol inofanirwa kushandurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuita peturu yakadyiwa pasirese kudzikisa kudyiwa kwemafuta uye kutsamira kwayo.