Kuti tidzivise kushandiswa kwemafuta anowedzera kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi nekuda kwekuburitsa gasi inokanganisa kupisa, kutsvagisa nekuvandudza kweimwe mhando yesimba remamwe magetsi kuri kuitwa, senge masimba anovandudzwa senge atinovaziva. Kune akawanda marudzi esimba rinowedzerwazve: zuva, mhepo, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, nezvimwe. Simba rinobva ku biofuels, senge biodiesel, isimba remagetsi rinowanikwazve rinowanikwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakasikwa zvinogona kutsiva mafuta.
Biodiesel kana fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) inogona kugadzirwa kubva kwakasiyana-siyana kwemafuta nemafuta kuburikidza neiyo esterification maitiro, anosanganisira rapeseed uye sunflower, soybeans uye walnuts kune rumwe rutivi, nemafuta nemafuta anoshandiswa neimwe. Maitiro acho anotanga nekubvisa mafuta kubva mumiti ine mafuta. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve biodiesel? Pano tinotsanangurira zvese kwauri.
Kukosha kwe biofuels
Kubva kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri, vanhu vanga vachitsigira nekusimudzira sainzi uye tekinoroji nesimba rinobva mumafuta. Iwo mafuta, marasha uye gasi rechisikigo. Kunyangwe kugona uye simba remasimba aya akakwirira, aya mafuta anoganhurwa uye ari kupera pamwero unokurumidza. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwemafuta aya kuchaburitsa gasi rinokanganisa kupisa mumhepo, nekudaro kuchichengetedza kupisa kwakanyanya mumhepo uye zvichikonzera kudziya kwepasi uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Nezvikonzero izvi, vanhu vari kuyedza kutsvaga imwe sosi sosi yekubatsira kurerutsa matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandisa mafuta epasi. Muchiitiko ichi, biofuels inoonekwa seyakagadziriswazve sosi nekuti inogadzirwa kubva ku biomass yezvirimwa. Dyara biomass, kusiyana nemafuta, haitore mamirioni emakore kuburitsaasi, zvinoita saizvozvo pachiyero chinodzora chevanhu. Biofuels inowanzo gadzirwa kubva kuzvirimwa zvinogona kudzorerwa. Pakati pebiofuels tinayo ethanol uye biodiesel.
Chii chinonzi biodiesel
Biodiesel ndeimwe mhando yebiofuel, Yakagadzirwa nemafuta emiriwo matsva uye akashandiswa uye mamwe mafuta emhuka. Sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachitanga kugadzira mafuta avo pamba kudzivisa kushandisa zvakawandisa pakuzadza mafuta, biodiesel rave nemukurumbira uye rapararira pasi rese.
Biodiesel inogona kushandiswa mune dzakawanda dizeli-dzinofambiswa mota pasina yakawanda injini shanduko. Zvisinei, injini dhiziri dzekare dzinogona kuda kuti zvimwe zvigadziriswe kugadzirisa biodiesel. Mumakore apfuura, indasitiri diki yebiodiesel yakabuda muUnited States uye zvimwe zviteshi zvebasa zvakatopa biodiesel.
Iyo biodiesel inoumbwa sei
Maitiro acho anotanga nekubviswa kwemafuta kubva kune oleaginous zvinomera. Mushure mekuchenesa, mafuta acho anoshandurwa kuve FAME kana biodiesel nekuwedzera methanol uye catalyst. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakafanana chaizvo nedhiziri, biodiesel inogona kushandiswa mune epamusoro-mashandiro enjini yedhiziri. Uye zvakare, mukuwedzera kune zvazvakanakira semafuta emvura, inogona zvakare kushandiswa mukugadzira kupisa uye simba. Icho chokwadi chekuti mafuta aya haana polycyclic inonhuhwirira mahydrocarbon anotendera kuti ichengetwe uye kutakurwa pasina njodzi dzakajeka. Nekuti inouya kubva kumafuta emiriwo nemafuta emhuka, iyo inovandudzwa uye inogadziriswa sosi yesimba.
Biodiesel inogona kusanganiswa nefosili dhiziri muzvikamu zvakasiyana pasina hukuru hweinjini. Nekudaro, hazvikurudzirwe kushandisa musanganiswa wediki dizizi pasina kushandura hunhu hweinjini, nekuti mashandiro ayo haagone kuvimbiswa zvichibva pakutsvagurudzwa kwakaitwa kusvika parizvino.
Kune rimwe divi, biodiesel ine yakanakisa lubricating zvivakwa sezvo iri oxygenated mafutaNaizvozvo, muchikamu chidiki, inogona kuvandudza mashandiro edhiziri, ichipfuura kunyange mabhenefiti esarufa. Izvo zvakafanana nechimwe chinhu chinowedzera hupenyu hwesherufu. Iyo yakazara nzira yekuwana biodiesel iri inoshanda zvese zviri muhuwandu uye nesimba.
payakaipira
Zvichienzaniswa neyakajairika mashandiro emafuta edhiziri, chimwe chekukanganisa kwekushandisa biodiesel isimba rakadzikira. Izvo zvemagetsi zvebiodiesel zvakaderera. Kazhinji, litre yedhiziri ine 9.300 kcal yesimba, nepo huwandu hwakaenzana hwebiodiesel huine chete 8.600 kcal yesimba. Nenzira iyi, yakawanda biodiesel inodiwa kuti iwane simba rakafanana nedhiziri.
Kune rimwe divi, hunhu hunokosha hwekufunga ndeye cetane nhamba, iyo inofanirwa kuve yakakura kudarika makumi mana kuti ishande nemazvo. Mafuta epetane akakwirira anotendera kuti injini itange nekukurumidza uye nyore uye ichidziya pakadzika tembiricha pasina kupisa moto. Biodiesel ine cetane nhamba yakafanana nedhiziri, saka inogona kushandiswa muinjini imwechete pasina kukonzera kunetsekana kukuru.
Imwe nyaya yekufunga kana uchitaura nezvemafuta ndeyekukanganisa kwavo nharaunda pamwe nezvinogona kuitika zvinoenderana zvinogona kutapuriranwa munharaunda. Mune ino kesi, zvinogona kunzi kushandiswa kwe biodiesel sechinotsiva kana chinhu chemusanganiswa wedhiziri-biodiesel Inogona kudzora inosvibisa magasi akaburitswa mudenga, senge nitrogen oxides (NOx) kana carbon dioxide (CO2). Iyi tafura inotevera inoratidza kudzikira muzana muzana yedhiziri yakachena.
Kubatsira kwakanyanya
- Kuenzaniswa nedhiziri rezvisaririra, Biodiesel ine zvakanakira ecological nekuti inoderedza greenhouse gasi inoburitsa.
- Inofananidzwa nepetroleum diesel, iyo mambure kabhoni monoxide inoderedzwa ne78%.
- Kana biodiesel ikawedzerwa kune echinyakare dhiziri mafuta, kunyangwe mune musanganiswa wepasi pe1%, iyo lubricity yepetroleum diesel mafuta inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya.
- Iyo ipombi isingakuvadzi nharaunda.
- Iyo inogadzirwa kubva kune inogadziriswazve mbishi zvinhu.
- Iine inenge isina sarufa. Dzivisa kubudiswa kweXox (acid mvura kana greenhouse mhedzisiro).
- Kuvandudza kupisa uye nekudzora zvakanyanya utsi uye guruva (kusvika kusvika 55%, kubvisa utsi hutema uye hwema husingafadzi).
- Inoburitsa shoma carbon dioxide panguva yekupisa pane iyo carbon dioxide inosvirwa nekukura kwezvirimwa (yakavharwa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi).
Iye anorasikirwa neruzivo urwu anogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezverudzi urwu rwebiofuel hunhu.