Kana tichitaura nezve mamorekuru, biology uye simba, pfungwa inogara ichiuya kwatiri inozivikanwa nezita rekuti ATP. Iyo ndiyo morekuru iyo inogara ichioneka mune angangoita ese maitiro ehupenyu hwezvinhu zvipenyu. Haasi munhu wese anoziva kuti ATP chii uye nemabasa ayo makuru.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza nezvese hunhu, mashandiro uye kukosha kweATP.
Mhando huru
Tiri kutaura nezve morekuru raive mune angangoitika ese maitiro ehupenyu ane zvipenyu. Makemikari maitiro akadai seglycolysis, Krebs kutenderera. Shamwari yake isingaparadzanisike iADP uye zvakare inoita basa rakakosha mune zvese izvi biochemical reaction.
Chekutanga pane zvese kuziva kuti ATP chii. Iyo nucleotide adenosine triphosphate uye ndiyo yakajairika uye yepasirese-yakapfuma simba iri pakati. Seizvo zita rayo rinoratidza, rinoumbwa neboka readenosine, iro rinoumbwa neadenine uye ribose, uye triphosphate boka. Hunhu hukuru ndewekuti mapoka efosifeti arimo ATP ine matatu phosphate mayuniti ayo anodzora nemagetsi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maatomu ane phosphorus ane mhosva yakanaka, nepo maatomu eoksijeni asina mhosva.
Kana tichitaura pamusoro pemagetsi ekudzora magetsi, tinoreva kuti vanozvibata zvakafanana nepatinoda kubatana nemagneti maviri nematanda akanaka kana nematanda maviri asina kunaka. Isu tinoziva kuti matanda akatarisana anokwezva, asi sekudzoreredzana.
ATP basa uye chengetedzo
Tiri kuenda kunoona kuti ibasa ripi rine ATP mumuviri wedu uye nei richikosha kwazvo pasi pano. Basa rayo guru nderekuti shanda senzvimbo yemagetsi mune angangoitika ese emakemikari. Kazhinji, ese aya maitiro eekemikemikari anodikanwa kune hupenyu uye anoitika mukati mechitokisi. Nekuda kweiyi biochemical reaction, anoshanda mashandiro esero anogona kuchengetedzwa, senge synthesis yeDNA neRNA, mapuroteni uye kutakurwa kwemamwe mamorekuru kuburikidza nesero membrane.
Patinoenda kunzvimbo yekurovedza muviri panguva yemasekondi ekutanga ayo tinosimudza madhamu, ndeye ATP inotipa simba rakaringana. Kana kurovedza kwacho kukangotora anopfuura masekondi gumi, mhasuru glycogen ndiyo inotarisira kukunda kurwisa kwatiri kuisa pairi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kuziva mashandiro eATP kuziva kuti inochengeta sei simba. Kubata zvisungo pakati pe phosphates pamwechete muboka re triphosphate zvinotora simba rakawanda. Kunyanya, 7.7 macalorie emagetsi emahara anodikanwa kune yega mole yeATP. Iri ndiro simba rimwe chete rinoburitswa apo ATP yakaiswa hydrolyzed kupinda ADP. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inorasikirwa neboka rephosphate nekuda kwekuita kwemvura uye huwandu hwesimba hunoburitswa.
Tiri kuzodzokera kune fananidzo inoshandiswa nemagineti kuti tikwanise kutsanangura mushe mashandiro eATP. Ngatifungei kuti tine magineti maviri akatarisana nedanda ravo rakanaka uye akabatanidzwa newax kana glue. Ndichiri Wakisi yakasimba zvakakwana, magineti achiri akabatanidzwa zvisinei nekuti mune yavo yekutanga mamiriro ivo vanofanirwa kumisidzana. Nekudaro, kana tikatanga kudziisa wakisi, iwo magineti maviri anotyora chisungo chinoabatanidza pamwechete uye anopatsanura kuburitsa simba. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti simba rakachengetwa panzira inova chisungo chemagineti ese.
Panyaya yemorekuru iri, simba rinochengetwa muzvisungo zvinobata mamorekuru ephosphate pamwechete. Izvi zvisungo zvinozivikanwa nezita rekuti pyrophosphate. Imwe nzira yekudaidza zvisungo izvi haina mvura kana yakakwira simba zvisungo.
Iyo ATP inopa sei simba
Isu tambotaura kuti iyi mamorekuru ndiyo hombe inotarisira kupa simba kuzvinhu zvipenyu. Nekudaro, havazi vese vanoziva kuti simba iri rinopa sei kuti igone kushandiswa mumabasa akasiyana siyana. Kuti uite izvi, ATP inopa inouraya phosphate boka remagetsi ane simba kwazvo kuboka reanogamuchira mamorekuru akadai seshuga, amino acids uye nucleotides. Kana phosphate terminal yasunungurwa, inoshandurwa kuita adenosine diphosphate, kureva, ADP. Apa ndipo panosungirwa phosphate boka rinosunungurwa pane inogamuchira mamorekuru. Muchiitiko ichi pane phosphate boka rinotamisa kana phosphorylation iyo isingafanire kuvhiringidzwa ne oxidative phosphorylation, inova nebasa rekuumba mamorekuru.
Phosphorylation inowedzera iyo yemahara simba reyero yeiyo inogamuchira mamorekuru uye ndosaka ichikwanisa kuita zvine mutsindo mukuchinja kwemakemikari anogadziriswa nema enzymes. Ma enzyme ane basa rekuona iko kukurumidza kushanda kwekuchinja kwemakemikari. A reaction is exergonic kana maGibbs emahara emagetsi kusiana asina kunaka. Sezvinei, shanduko iyi musimba kubva kuhydrolysis kana kuendeswa kweboka re phosphate iri -7.7 kcal. Iyo adenosine triphosphate molecule inogona kusunungura simba kuburikidza nehydrolysis. Muchiitiko ichi, tinoona kuti mamorekuru emvura anokonzeresa sei kurwisa chimwe chezvisungo pakati pemapoka ephosphate kupa kana phosphate boka neADP.
Iyo yakasikwa sei
Ngatione kuti ndeapi matanho makuru anogadzirwa neATP.Seru yekufema nhare kuburikidza neketani yekufambisa yemagetsi ndiyo sosi huru yekusika. Izvo zvinoitikawo muphotosynthesis inoitika muzvirimwa. Imwe yemafomu kana nzira dzekusika iri panguva yeglycolysis uye panguva yecitric acid kutenderera, inozivikanwawo seKrebs kutenderera.
Kugadzirwa kweATP kunoitika ne phosphorylation yeADP nekuda kwechiito chearginine phosphate uye creatine phosphate. Ose ari maviri anoita senzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemakemikari simba kuti phosphorylation inokurumidza kuitika. Aya ndiwo maitiro atakataura pamusoro uye anozivikanwa se oxidative phosphorylation. Zvese zvisikwa uye arginine zvinozivikanwa se phosphagens.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo ATP molecule nemabasa ayo.