Una chiteshi chemagetsi mudziyo wemagetsi kana boka remidziyo iri chikamu chegadziriro yemagetsi. Basa rayo guru ndiro chizvarwa, kutendeuka, kutonga uye kugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi. Iwo ma substations anofanirwa kugadzirisa uye kumisikidza mazinga emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kuitira kuti simba remagetsi rifambiswe nekugovaniswa.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pezviteshi zvemagetsi, maitiro avo uye kukosha.
Mhando dzezviteshi zvemagetsi
Chiteshi chemagetsi chigadziriso chine basa rekushandura voltage, frequency, nhamba yenhanho kana kubatana kwemaseketi maviri kana anopfuura. Iwo ari pedyo nemagetsi emagetsi, padivi penzvimbo dzekushandisa, kana mukati nekunze kwezvivakwa. Zviteshi zvemumaguta zvinowanzowanikwa mukati mezvivakwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo uye kuderedza kusvibiswa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvivakwa zvekunze zviri kunze kwenzvimbo dzemaguta. Kune marudzi akati wandei ezviteshi zvemagetsi:
- Shanduko substations. Ivo vanoshandura voltage yemagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza neamwe chete kana anopfuura anoshandura. Vanogona kuva nhanho-kumusoro kana kutsika-pasi.
- Kuchinja substation. Vanobatanidza matunhu maviri kana anopfuura uye basa. Mumhando iyi ye substation iyo voltage haina kushandurwa.
- Nhanho-up transformers: Iyi mhando ye substation inokwidza voltage inogadzirwa kusvika padanho repamusoro kuti ichinje.
- Nhanho-pasi transformers: Chekupedzisira, kusiyana nenhanho-kumusoro substations, nhanho-pasi ma transformer anoderedza yakakwira voltages kusvika pakati pemazinga ekugovera.
Nhanho-kumusoro uye nhanho-pasi dzemagetsi substations
Elevator anowedzera magetsi anogadzirwa kubva pakati kuenda kumusoro kana kukwira zvakanyanya kuitira kuti atumire. Vari pachena, pedyo negwenya remagetsi. Iyo yekutanga voltage ye transformer inowanzova pakati pe3 ne36 kV. Iyo yechipiri voltage ye transformer inotarirwa nemagetsi emutsara wekutapurirana kana tambo yekubatanidza (66, 110, 220 kana 380 kV).
Kune rimwe divi, zvinoderedza zviteshi zvine basa rekudzikisa yakakwira kana yakawedzera high voltage kusvika pakati nepakati kuti igoverwe gare gare. The transformer primary voltage inotsamira pane transmission line voltage (66, 110, 220 kana 380 kV). The transformer yechipiri voltage inobva kugovera mutsara voltage (pakati pe6 ne30kV).
Mhando dzezvikanganiso
Izvo zvinonyanya kukanganiswa mumaseketi ndezvi:
Short circuit: Iko kubatanidza kwekuzvidira kana netsaona uko kune mutsauko unokwanisa pakati pemapoinzi maviri mudunhu. Mhosho idzi dzinofanirwa kucheneswa mukati memasekonzi mashanu.
Dziviriro masisitimu anoshandiswa ndeaya:
- Isolation switch.
- Solenoid switch.
Overcurrent: Isimba rakakura kudarika rezita, rinogona kuburitsa kuwandisa kana kupfupika kwekufamba kwenguva. Overload inonzwisiswa sekuwedzera kwezvino pamusoro peiyo yakatarwa ikozvino.
Dziviriro masisitimu anoshandiswa ndeaya:
- fiyuzi
- Electromagnetic uye magnetocaloric switches.
Wakananga kuonana: ndiko kusangana pakati pemunhu nezvikamu zvinofamba zvemudziyo. Dziviriro masisitimu anoshandiswa ndeaya:
- Kusiyanisa zvikamu zvinoshanda zvekuisa.
- Kuva nechokwadi chekufamba kwakachengeteka kuburikidza nezvipingamupinyi.
kuonana zvisina kunanga: kuonana kwevanhu nemhomho inochajiswa zvisingatarisirwi, sezvinowanzoitika pamakasi emota. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa isina kunanga yekudzivirira yekudzivirira ndiyo inosanganisa shanduko yekusiyanisa nemuviri wepasi.
Kupindira:
- Overvoltage: Voltage yakakwira kupfuura iyo yakanyanya kukosha inogona kuvapo pakati pemapoinzi maviri ekuisa magetsi. Kuti udzivise kuvhiyiwa, surge kudzivirira relays inoshandiswa.
- undervoltage: Iyo voltage yakaderera pane yakatarwa yekushanda voltage yedunhu. Kudzivirira undervoltages, undervoltage protection relay inoiswa.
Dziviriro masystem
Izvo zvinodikanwa kupa akasiyana emagetsi ekuisa nemasisitimu ekudzivirira akadai se:
fuse cutouts
Iwo maturusi anoshandiswa kucheka otomatiki maseketi kana yazvino ichipfuura nemairi yakakwira zvakanyanya. Fuse chikamu chedunhu rinonyungudika kana rikapfuura simba raro rakagadzirwa. Fuse ingori shizha rekufambisa kana waya inoshandiswa kunyunguduka nekudaro kutyora dunhu, nepo fuse inosanganisirawo casing, zvinhu zvinotsigira, nezvimwe.
thermal relay
Chishandiso chekudzivirira chinokwanisa kuona kuyerera kusingabvumirwe ikozvino. Nechega, haugone kubvisa kukanganisa, unoda chimwe chinhu kuti ubvise sink. Masignal lights anowanzo shandiswa pakuvhara dunhu kuratidza kuti thermal relay yadonha nekuda kwekudarika kusingabvumirwe.
Kuchinja otomatiki
Electromechanical midziyo inokwanisa kucheka isingabvumirwe overcurrents uye inogoneka mapfupi maseketi ega.
- vhura pfupi dunhu: Inoshanda maererano neshoko rekushanda kwemagineti. Iyo magineti coil inogadzira simba kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemarevheti ane basa rekuvhura anofambiswa macontact (ikozvino kupinza). Kana iyo yazvino kuburikidza nedunhu inotyora ikapfuura iyo yakayerwa simba kakawanda, iyo yedunhu inotyora inovhura isingasviki 5 milliseconds.
- Rwendo rwekuwedzeredza: Muchiitiko ichi, inoshanda pamusimboti wekushanda kwekupisa. Iyo bimetal inochinjika kana ichipfuura nepasingabvumirwe overcurrent uye inogadzira simba rinofambiswa kuburikidza nelever uye inotyora inofamba inobata. Nguva yekuita inotarirwa nekusimba kwainofamba nayo: iyo yakakwirira kusimba, nguva shoma yekuita.
Diferential switch
Dziviriro yemidziyo yekuona uye kubvisa kukanganisa kwekudzivirira. Mudziyo uyu wakakosha zvikuru mukuisa magetsi, Zvakakosha kudzivisa overcurrents uye short circuits., isa magneto-thermal switch pamberi.
Munguva yenguva dzose yekushanda kwemudziyo uyu, ikozvino inopinda mugashiri ine kukosha kwakafanana neyezvino ichisiya inogamuchira. Zvisinei, kana kukanganisa kwekudzivirira, pachava nekusaenzana pakati pekuisa uye kubuda kwemhepo; shanduko yazvino haizove zero. Kana iyo yekusiyanisa switch inoona kuti iyi shanduko yemazuva ano haisi zero, inoita nekuvhura dunhu.
kuparadzanisa switch
Mechanical connection uye disconnection device iyo inobvumira kushandura kusungirirwa kwedunhu remagetsi kuparadzanisa chinhu kana chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi kubva kune mamwe mambure. Usati washandisa switch yekuzviparadzanisa, ikozvino mudunhu inofanira kugurwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve substations yemagetsi uye maitiro avo.