Turbine yemhepo kana mhepo yekumhepo inoshanda sei?

Asi sezvo mhepo inova magetsi? Icho chinongedzo chakananga chezvino turbines emhepo ndeekare zvigayo, iyo nanhasi ichiri kushandiswa, kumabasa akasiyana siyana sekuchera mvura kana kukuya zviyo. A Windmill Iwo muchina une mashizha kana mashizha akasungirirwa kune yakajairwa shaft, iyo inotanga kutenderera kana mhepo ichivhuvhuta.

Iyi shaft inotenderera yakabatana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemuchina, semuenzaniso michina yekukuya zviyo, kupomba mvura kana gadzira magetsi.

Kuwana magetsi, Kufamba kwemapeji kunotyaira jenareta yemagetsi (imwe alternator kana dynamo) inoshandura iyo michina simba yekutenderera mukati magetsi emagetsi. Magetsi anokwanisa kuchengetwa mumabhatiri kana kutumirwa zvakananga kugidhi. Kuvhiya kwacho kuri nyore, chii chiri kunetsa kuongorora uye kuvaka kwe turbines emhepo kuwedzera kushanda.

Mhando dzeMhepo Turbines

Windmill inogona kuva ye chinjikira akabatana, ayo akanyanya kuwanda nhasi, kana ariko zvakare vertical axis.

Kubva kuWikipedia tsananguro ye mira mhepo turbines kana yakatwasuka kunge jenareta yemagetsi iri kumhanya kushandura iyo kinetic simba remhepo mune yemagetsi simba uye kuburikidza nemhepo turbine mune emagetsi simba.

Avo vane axis yakatwasuka vanomira nekuda kwekusada maitiro ekuchinjisa uye chii chinonzi jenareta yemagetsi inogona kurongwa pasi. Kune rimwe divi, avo vane yakatwasuka axis, bvumira kufukidza hwakawanda kubva kumashandisirwo ari ega emagetsi madiki ekuisa mumapurazi makuru emhepo.

Vertical mhepo turbines

Sezvambotaurwa, akamira kana akatwasuka axis mhepo turbines haudi kuitisa mashandiro, uye chii chingave jenareta yemagetsi inogona kuwanikwa iri pasi.

Su kugadzirwa kwesimba kwakaderera uye ine zviremara zvidiki senge inoda mota kuti iende.

Pane matatu matatu emhando yemhepo turbines saSavonius, Giromill naDarrrieus.

Zvipingamupinyi

Rimwe rematambudziko akajairika turbines emhepo ukuru hwayo hukuru, pamusoro pekudengenyeka neruzha rwavanokonzera. Neichi chikonzero, ivo vanowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dziri kure nedzimba. Zvisinei, makambani uye masayendisiti pasi rose vanoramba vachishanda kune kuvaka ma turbine madiki (Unogona kutarisa chinyorwa chakamboitwa pamhepo mini simba), o nyarara iyo inogona kuwanikwa mumadhorobha.

Asi rimwe rematambudziko anonyanya kunetseka mumunda wechizvarwa cheiyo mhepo ine simba Iko kushanduka kwesosi, ndokuti yemhepo. Iyo turbines kazhinji, vakagadzirira kushanda nemazvo kana mhepo ichivhuvhuta mukati meimwe kumhanya mhando. Kune rimwe divi, imwe nhanho yekumhanyisa inodikanwa kutamisa iwo mashizha, kune rimwe divi kune zvekare muganhu wakanyanya.

Semuenzaniso, chakanyanya kuwanda ndechekuti iyi miganhu ine Mhepo inomhanya pakati pemamita matatu ne3 pasekondi. Iyo shoma inonzi yekumhanyisa mhanyisa, ndiko kuti, iyo diki yekugadzira imwe magetsi, uye iyo yepamusoro inonzi iyo yekucheka-yekumhanyisa mhanyisa, ndiko kuti, kana yatove inopesana, nekuti inogona kutyora mashandiro.

Un Windmill unogona kuva wega kana mukati mapurazi emhepo, Panyika ichiumba iyo mapurazi emhepo onshore, pamhenderekedzo yegungwa kana ivo vanogona kutomisikidzwa pamusoro pemvura pane imwe nhanho kubva kumahombekombe mune inonzi offshore kana offshore mhepo purazi.

Bumbiro remhepo turbine kana yemhepo turbine

Kune zviuru zvemapurazi emhepo azere nemamodeli TEEH (yakatwasuka axis mhepo turbines). Iyi michina inoumbwa nezvikamu zvinotevera.

Shongwe uye hwaro: Nheyo dzeshongwe dzinogona kuve dzakapetana kana dzakadzika, ichivimbisa mune ese ari maviri kugadzikana kweturbine yemhepo, iko kusungwa kweiyo nacelle uye emagetsi mashizha. Iyo hwaro inofanirwa zvakare kutora iyo yekukonzera kunokonzerwa nekusiyana uye simba remhepo.

Shongwe dzinogona kuve dzemhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo:

• Simbi tubular: Mazhinji turbine emhepo anovakwa netubular simbi simbi.
• Concrete shongwe: Dzakavakwa munzvimbo imwechete, zvichibvumira kukwirira kunodiwa kuti kuverengerwe.
• Precast kongiri shongwe: Iwo akaunganidzwa nezvidimbu zvakagadzirwa-zvidimbu uye zvikamu zvavo zvakaiswa munzvimbo imwechete.
• Zvivakwa zveLatin: Ivo vanogadzirwa vachishandisa simbi profiles.
• Mbeu dzakauchikwa: Ivo vanogona kuve nehunhu uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzeshongwe.
• Tensioned mast shongwe nemhepo: Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve iwo emhepo turbine e diki saizi.

Rotor: Rotor ndiyo "moyo" yemhepo yega yega, sezvo ichitsigira turbine mashizha, ichivafambisa nemagetsi uye kutenderera kuita shanduko yemhepo ive simba.

Gondola: Ndiwo unoonekwa zvakanyanya musoro turbine yemhepo, ngowani inovanza nekuchengetedza michina yese ye turbine. Iyo gondola inobatana neshongwe uchishandisa mabheyaringi kukwanisa kuteedzera kunodzorwa nemhepo.

Wedzera bhokisi: Pamusoro pekukwanisa kumira mukusiyana kwemhepo, bhokisi regear rine basa rekubatanidza kumhanya kutenderera kweiyo rotor uye kumhanya kwakanyanya kwejenareta. Sekutaura kweshoko rake; inokwanisa kuwedzera iyo 18-50 rpm inogadzirwa neyakaitika mafambiro erotor mune angangoita 1.750 rpm painosiya jenareta.

Jenareta: Iri mukutarisira kwekushandura michina simba kuita simba remagetsi. Kune epamusoro-magetsi turbines, maviri-anodyiwa asynchronous jenareta anoshandiswa, kunyange zvakajairika zvinowirirana zvinowirirana uye asynchronous jenareta zvakare akawandisa.

Mabhureki: Mechiki mabhureki anoshandiswa mune simba chitima, zvichidikanwa mavari mwero wekukwirana wakakwira mukumira uye kukuru kuramba kudzvinyirira.

Magetsi zvigadzirwa zvemhepo turbine kana mhepo yekumhepo

Mazuva ano michina yemhepo haina kungogadzirwa nemapanga uye jenareta kuunza simba rakachipa kudzimba. Mhepo turbines inofanirwa zvakare kuve ne yega magetsi magetsi system uye akawanda maseru. Iyo yekupedzisira inokwanisa kuongorora uye kuyera tembiricha, mafambiro emhepo, kumhanya kwayo uye mamwe ma parameter anogona kuoneka mukati megondola kana munharaunda.

Kubatsira kwema turbine anomhanyisa emhepo achienzaniswa neanonoka

Mukana wakanyanya weiyo inonzi "inononoka mhepo turbines" ndeyekuti ivo vane mamwe mashizha kuti rapids uye avo zvinhu zvinowanzoitika zvakachipa. Asi ndeapi matambudziko ako? Kunyangwe yavo yakakura dhayamita (kubva pamakumi mana kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe emamirimita) uye iine ma rotor ane misoro inosvika zana m kutsanya kwakareruka kupfuura vanononoka.

Izvi zvinoitwa nekutenda kumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi (0,5 kusvika 3 MW) ayo anotora mukana wakanyanya wehurefu-hwesimba resimba remhepo.

Kuva akareruka, iwo mashizha anofamba nekukurumidza, saka saizi uye muwedzero bhokisi mutengo iyo inotyaira jenareta yemagetsi yakaderedzwa.

Nekuve nemashoma mashoma emapeji, aya anogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore kugadzirisa simba ravo zvinoenderana nemamiriro emhepo. Anokurumidza mhepo turbines ari nani kuramba kune kushushikana kunokonzerwa nemhepo mhepo. Iyo axial kukanda nekuda kwekuita kwemhepo pane yakamira rotor iri shoma mune yekukurumidza mhepo turbines pane painenge ichitendeuka; zvinopesana zvinoitika mu inononoka mhepo turbines.

Windmill ine simba kwazvo pasi

Vestas yakaratidza kudzoreredzwa kweiyo huru mhepo turbine mupasi. Handina zvipikisheni zvekutsanangura kukura kwakaita turbine iyi. Iyo V164, yemamirimita makumi maviri nemaviri yemhepo ine 38-tani, 80-mita refu mashizha, ingo tarisa kutarisisa kwese kwevaya vanofarira kumutsidzirwa muDenmark.

Iyo turbine yapfuura yaikwanisa kuendesa simba re8 MW, uye nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwazvino rave kukwanisa kusvika 9 MW kuburitsa pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Mune bvunzo yayo yekutanga, iyo V164 yaive inokwanisa kugadzira 216.000 kWh mumaawa makumi maviri nemana chete.

Haisi chete iro rekodhi rakazara rekugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo nemhepo imwe chete, asi ndiko kuratidzwa kuri pachena kuti mhepo yegungwa ichave chinzvimbo chakakosha mukushandurwa kwesimba kuri kutoitika.

Zvakwana kugonesa imba kwemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu

Sekureva kwaTorben Hvid larsen, Vestas CTO:

"Wedu prototype yakaisa imwe chizvarwa rekodhi, iine 216.000 kWh inogadzirwa mumaawa makumi maviri nemana. "Tine chivimbo chekuti turbine yemhepo iyi 24 MW yakaratidza kuve yakagadzirira musika, uye tinotenda kuti ichaita basa rakakosha mukuderedza mitengo yemagetsi ekunze."

Kazhinji kutaura nezve kilowatts zvakati omei uye zvisinganzwisisike. Asi zvinoenderana nematare epamutemo, iyo avhareji magetsi ekushandisa eSpanish imba iri 3.250 kWh pagore. Huwandu hwakakwira zvishoma pane avhareji kudyiwa kweguta kwekugara mumaguta mumaguta makuru eSouth America. Tichifunga izvi, pazuva rekugadzira zvinogona kupa magetsi kuimba yepakati kweanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.

Iine saizi yakakura kupfuura Torres Kio muMadrid uye yakafanana naTorre Mayor kuMexico, denderedzwa ravanoyambuka rakakura kupfuura vhiri resimbi reLondon Eye muLondon. Iyi turbine kushanduka yeV164-8.0 MW, turbine yemhepo iyo atotyora zvinyorwa muna 2014 uye inogona kupa simba 16.000 dzimba dzeBritish.