Tidal simba kana tidal simba

Simba remasaisai kana mamwe masainzi anozivikanwa semasimba emvura ndiyo inoguma nekusunga mafungundiko kuti, musiyano muhurefu hwehurefu hwemakungwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yepasi neMwedzi uye zvinokonzerwa nekukwezva kwekukwezva kwekupedzisira uye Zuva pamvura zhinji yemakungwa.

Netemu iyi tinogona kuti iyo kufamba kwemvura, inogadzirwa nekukwezva kweMwedzi kaviri pazuva, zvinokwanisika kuti uishandise sosi yesimba.

Kufamba uku ine kukwira kwemwero wegungwa, iyo mune dzimwe nzvimbo inogona kuve inonzwisisika.

Mwedzi uri kurasikirwa nesimba, zvishoma nezvishoma, uye uri kugadzira masimba emvura, ayo anozo kukonzera kuti iwanikwe pamusiyano mukuru uye mukuru kubva pasi.

Ivhareji kudzikira kwesimba muchimiro chemafungu emvura iri pamusoro pe3,10¹² watts, kana zvakapetwa ka100.000 pasi pechivhavha chezuva rakagamuchirwa pasi pano.

Tidal masimba haangokanganisa makungwa chete, achigadzira mafungu egungwa, asi ivo zvakare kukanganisa zvipenyu, Kugadzira zviitiko zvakakomba zvehupenyu izvo zvinoumba chikamu chemasikirwo echisikigo.

Mhepo inogadzirwa neMwedzi mumakungwa iri pasi pemamita imwe kukwirira, asi munzvimbo idzodzo uko kumisikidzwa kwenzvimbo yacho kunowedzera kukura kwemvura, shanduko yedanho rakakura inogona kuitika.

Izvi zvinoitika munzvimbo shoma yenzvimbo dzakadzika, dziri pasherefu yenyika uye ndidzo nzvimbo dzinogona kushandiswa nemurume kuwana simba kuburikidza nesimba remvura.

Kushandiswa kwesimba remvura

Kupesana nezvingafungirwe nemunhu nezve simba remvura, rave richishandiswa kubvira kare, muEjipitori yekare raishandiswa uye muEurope rakatanga kushandiswa muzana reXNUMXth century.

Muna 1580, mana anodzoserwa emagetsi mavhiri akaiswa pasi pemaberere eLondon Bridge kupomba mvura., iyo yakaramba ichishanda kusvika muna 1824, uye kusvika Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, huwandu hwezvigayo zvaishanda muEurope, izvo zvaishandisa simba remasaisai.

Mumwe wekupedzisira akamira kushanda muDevon, UK, muna 1956.

Nekudaro, kubvira 1945 kwakave nekufarira kushoma mudiki-mudiki simba remafungu.

Kushandiswa kwesimba remvura

Iko kushandiswa kwetidhi simba muchimiro kuri nyore uye kuri chaizvo yakafanana neiya yemagetsi emagetsi.

Kunyangwe paine maitiro akasiyana siyana, yakapusa ine dhamu, rine magedhi uye ma hydraulic turbines, ari kuvhara dziva  (mukanwa, mugungwa, rwizi rwakafara uye rwakadzika, uye kuchinjana nemvura yemunyu uye nemvura nyowani, nekuda kwemasaisai. Muromo weiyo estuary unoumbwa nerumwe ruoko rwakafara muchimiro chefunnel rakakudzwa), uko mafidha ane chakakosha pakukwirira.

Kuongorora basa rehurongwa kunogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo miviri inotevera.

Kuvhiya kwacho kuri nyore uye kunosanganisira:

• Kana mvura ikasimuka zvinonzi iyo mafungu makuru (nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro kana kukwirira kwakakwirira kunosvika nemafungu), panguva ino masuwo anovhurwa uye mvura inotanga kuita turbine iyo inopinda muchikepe.
• Kana mafungu akakwirira apfuura uye mutero wemvura wakakwana wavaka, masuwo anovharwa kudzivirira kuti mvura isadzokere kugungwa.
• Pakupedzisira, apo iyo yakaderera tide (yakaderera mamiriro kana hushoma kureba kunosvika nemafungu), mvura inoburitswa kuburikidza nemagetsi.

Maitiro ese ekupinda mumvura muchikepe pamwe nekubuda, ma turbine anotyaira majenareta anogadzira simba remagetsi.

Iwo ma turbine anoshandiswa anofanirwa saka kudzoserwa kuitira kuti vashande nemazvo zvese kana mvura ichipinda muchikepe kana kupinda mukati pamwe nekubva.

Kugovera kwemafasi ari munyika

Sezvo ini ndataura kare mafungu anowedzerwa nekugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo chaidzo, uko kwaizokwanisika kushandisa mafungu sosi yesimba, inova ndiyo inotifadza.

Nzvimbo dzakakurumbira kuita izvi ndedzinotevera:

• MuEurope, munzvimbo yeLa Ranee muFrance, muKislaya Guba muRussia, muchikepe cheSevern muUnited Kingdom. Ese mawebhusaiti aya ane mafungu akakwirira zvakanyanya, ane kusimuka kwezuva nezuva nekudonha kwemamita gumi nerimwe kusvika gumi nematanhatu.
• Kana tichienda kuSouth America tinoona kuti kune mafungu anodarika mana metres mumahombekombe eChile nedunhu rekumaodzanyemba kweArgentina. Mafungu anosvika gumi nemana muPuerto Gallegos (Argentina). Kune zvakare nzvimbo dzakakodzera padyo neBelern neSao Luiz, Brazil.
• MuNorth America, muBaja California, kuMexico, nemasaisai anosvika kumamita gumi, zvakataurwa senzvimbo inogona kushandiswa simba remvura. Uye zvakare, muCanada, muBay of Fundy, kune mafungu anodarika gumi nemamita mita zvakare.
• MuAsia, mafungu akakwirira akanyorwa muGungwa reArabia, Gungwa reBengal, Gungwa reSouth China, pamhenderekedzo yeKorea uye muGungwa reOkhotsk.
• Zvisinei muRangoon, Burma, mafungu anosvika pakakwirira mamita 5,8. KuAmoy (Szeming, China), 4,72 mita tides inoitika. Kureba kwemasaisai muJinsen, Korea, kunodarika 8,77 metres uye muBombay, India, mafungu anosvika 3,65 metres.
• MuAustralia, mafungu emvura ari 5,18 metres kuPort Hedland uye 5,12 metres kuPort Darwin.
• Chekupedzisira, muAfrica hamuna nzvimbo dzakatsiga, pamwe magetsi emagetsi anogona kuvakwa kumaodzanyemba kweDakar, kuMadagascar uye muComoro Islands.

Pasi rose, kune nzvimbo dzinosvika zana dzakakodzera dzekuvaka chirongwa hombe, kunyangwe paine mamwe akawanda panogona kuvakwa mapurojekiti madiki.

Ivo vanogona kutogona kushandiswa, kuchizvarwa chemagetsi, mafashama pazasi pemamita matatu, kunyangwe purofiti yacho ichiderera kwazvo.

Zvisinei, kuiswa kweiyo tidal magetsi chiteshi (kuita zvine mutsindo) zvinokwanisika munzvimbo dzine musiyano wemamita mashanu kubva pakati pemafungu akakwirira neakadzika.

Kune mashoma mapoinzi pasi pano panowanikwa chiitiko ichi. Aya ndiwo makuru:

Pakazara, inogona kuiswa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, munzvimbo huru dzepasi nezve 13.000 MW, nhamba yakaenzana ne 1% yezve simba remagetsi epasi rose.

Tidal simba muSpain

MuSpain kudzidza kwesimba iri kunoitwa kunyanya ne Institute yeHydraulics yeYunivhesiti yeCantabria, iyo ine rakakura rakakura tangi rekuyedza nekuyedza izvo zvinozivikanwa se Cantabrian Coastal uye Ocean Basin (marine engineering).

Iyo yambotaurwa tangi iri ingangoita makumi mana emamita upamhi uye makumi matatu emamita kureba, nokudaro ichikwanisa kuteedzera mafungu anosvika kumamita makumi maviri nemhepo dze44 km / h.

Kune rimwe divi, isu hatisi kusiiwa kumashure, kubvira muna 2011 iyo yekutanga tidal chirimwa chiri muMotrico (Guipuzkoa).

Iyo control unit ine 16 turbines anokwanisa kuburitsa 600.000 kWh pagore, ndiko kuti, izvo vanhu mazana matanhatu vanodya paavhareji.

Uye zvakare, nekuda kweiyi yepakati mazana ematani e CO2 haazoendi mudenga gore rega, inofungidzirwa kuti ine imwechete yekuchenesa mhedzisiro inogona kukonzera a sango remahekita makumi masere.

Iyi purojekiti yakanga iine mari inosvika mazana matanhatu emamirioni euros, ayo angangoita 6,7 aive emuchina uye zvakasara zvebasa padoko.

Iwo ma turbine, ayo ega ega anogadzira angangoita 18,5 KWh, akapatsanurwa kuita mapoka e4 uye ari mukamuri yemuchina, kumusoro kwejeti.

Uye zvakare, iyo nzvimbo inovachengetera iri mune imwe yepakati yakakomberedzwa zvikamu zvediki iine avhareji yemvura kukwirira kwemamita manomwe uye ingangoita zana metres pakureba.

Zvakanakira nekuipira tidal energy

Simba remhepo rine zvakawanda zvinobatsira uye mamwe acho ndeaya:

• Iyo isimba risingaperi sosi yesimba uye dzokororo.
• Uyu yakagoverwa pamusoro penzvimbo huru yepasi.
• Izvo zvakajairikazvisinei nenguva yegore.

Nekudaro, iri mhando yesimba rinopa akateedzana e zvakakomba zvipingaidzo:

• Zvinotarisirwa kukura uye mutengo zvichikonzerwa nezvivakwa zvayo.
• Iko kudiwa kwe nzvimbo dzine topography  iyo inobvumira kuvakwa kwedhamhu zviri nyore uye zvisingadhuri.
• La kugadzirwa kwepakati, kunyangwe hazvo zvichitarisirwa, zvesimba.
• Izvo zvinogoneka zvinokuvadza pane zvakatipoteredza zvakaita sekumhara, kuderedzwa kwemahombekombe egungwa, panotarisirwa shiri zhinji nezvipuka zvegungwa, kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo dzinoberekera mhuka dzegungwa uye kuunganidzwa kwenzvimbo dzinosvibisa munzvimbo dzinowanikwa nzizi.
• Kurambidzwa kwekuwana madoko iri kumusoro kwerwizi.

Zvipingamupinyi zverudzi urwu rwesimba zvinoita kuti mashandisirwo aro ave nenharo, saka kuitisa kwacho pamwe hakusi nyore kunze kwenzvimbo chaidzo, umo zvinowoneka kuti zvainoita zvidiki kwazvo kana zvichienzaniswa nezvazvinobatsira.