Pasi riri kutiyeuchidza kakawanda kuti hakuna upenyu husina mvura, zvakadai sokusanaya kwemvura kuri kuwedzera kunotyisidzira kugoverwa kwemvura yokunwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusvibiswa kwemvura dzinoita kuti kunaka kwechinhu chinokosha ichi chive chakashata, izvo zvinomiririra ngozi kune hutano hwepasi. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuda kwemabasa evanhu, mvura uye kusvibiswa mazwi maviri ane hukama hwepedyo. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi zvakanaka nezve Migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemvura.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza pamusoro pemigumisiro mikuru yekusvibiswa kwemvura nemhando dzayo.
Mhando dzekusvibiswa kwemvura
Hydrocarbons
Kudururwa kweoiri kunogara kuchikanganisa mhuka dzesango kana mhuka dzemumvura, asi mukana wekupararira wakakura.
Mafuta anonamatira kuminhenga yeshiri dzegungwa; izvo zvinodzikisira kugona kwavo kushambira kana kubhururuka uye kuuraya hove. Kuwedzera kwekurasika kwemafuta uye kurasika kwemugungwa kwakakonzera kusvibiswa kwegungwa. Zvinokosha: Mafuta haanyungudike mumvura uye anoumba mafuta akakora ari mumvura, anokachidza hove uye anovharisa chiedza kubva kune photosynthetic aquatic plants.
Pamusoro pemvura
Mvura yepamusoro inosanganisira mvura yechisikigo inowanikwa pamusoro pePasi, senzizi, madziva, madziva, uye nyanza. Zvinhu izvi zvinosangana nemvura zvonyunguduka kana kusanganiswa nazvo.
oxygen absorber
Kune ma microorganisms mumitumbi yemvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira aerobic uye anaerobic organisms. Mvura kazhinji ine tupukanana, angave aerobic kana anaerobic, zvichienderana ne biodegradable zvinhu zvakamiswa mumvura.
Hutachiona hwakawandisa hunodya uye hunopedza oxygen, zvichiita kuti zvipenyu zvinofa uye kugadzirwa kwechepfu inokuvadza yakaita seammonia nesarufa.
Kusvibiswa kwepasi pevhu
Mvura inonaya inopinza mishonga yezvipembenene nemamwe makemikari ane hukama kubva muvhu uye inoapinza muvhu, ichisvibisa mvura yepasi.
Microbial kusvibiswa
Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, vanhu vanonwa mvura isina kucheneswa kubva munzizi, hova, kana kuti mamwe manyuko. dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kusvibiswa kwechisikigo kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakadai sevhairasi, mabhakitiriya uye protozoa.
Kusvibiswa kwechisikigo uku kunogona kukonzera kurwara kwakakomba kwevanhu uye kufa kwehove nemamwe marudzi.
Yakamiswa Matter Pollution
Haasi makemikari ese ari nyore kunyungudika mumvura. Izvi zvinonzi "particles." Mhando yezvinhu izvi zvinogona kukuvadza kana kutouraya zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Kemikari kusvibiswa kwemvura
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana anoshandisa sei makemikari anokandwa zvakananga mumvura. Agrochemicals anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima kudzora tumbuyu nezvirwere vanopedzisira vapinda munzizi, vachiisa chepfu pazvipenyu zvemumvura, vachiparadza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kuisa upenyu hwevanhu pangozi.
Nutrient kusvibiswa
Nguva zhinji tinoti mvura ine hutano hwehupenyu hwese, saka hazvifanirwe kuichenesa. Asi kuwana kuwanda kwefotereza yekurima neyemumaindasitiri mumvura yekunwa kwakachinja mufananidzo wese.
Mvura zhinji yetsvina, mafetireza, uye tsvina ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinovaka muviri zvinogona kusimudzira algae nekukura kwesora mumvura, kuita kuti isanwike, uye kunyange kuvhara masefa.
Fetereza inoyerera kubva muminda inosvibisa mvura kubva munzizi, hova, nemadziva kusvika kunyanza. Fetereza yakapfuma mukudya kwakasiyana kunodiwa nehupenyu hwechirimwa, uye mvura yakachena inozobuda inovhiringa kuenzana kwechisikigo chekudya kwakakosha kuzvirimwa zvemumvura.
Migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemvura
Mvura inosvibiswa nemushonga watinogezesa muchimbuzi kana mafuta atinorasa pasi singi. Tsvina inokandwa mugungwa nemunzizi mimwe mienzaniso. Ndizvo zvinoitikawo microplastics, iyo yakawanda mugungwa iri kuwedzera nekukurumidza. Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, mamiriyoni masere epurasitiki epurasitiki anoguma ari mugungwa gore negore, achichinja upenyu hwezvipenyu zvinogara mairi.
Zvamazvirokwazvo, iri sangano repasi rose rinotsanangura kusvibiswa kwemvura sekusvibiswa kwemvura iyo kuumbwa kwayo kunochinja kusvika yava isingashandisike. Mvura ine tsvina inoreva kuti vanhu havagoni kushandisa ichi chinhu chinokosha. Kuparara uku kunomiririra kutyisidzira kwakakomba kupasi uye kunongowedzera hurombo hwevanotambura zvakanyanya.
Kusvibiswa kwemvura kune mhedzisiro inoparadza pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwepasi. Mimwe yemhedzisiro yakakosha yemhando dzakasiyana dzekusvibiswa kwemvura ndeidzi: kuparadzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusvibiswa kwecheni yezvokudya, kusanganisira kuparadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu pakudya uye kushomeka kwemvura yekunwa.
Matura emvura pasi pevhu anopa chikamu che80% chehuwandu hwepasi rose. 4% yezvicherwa izvi zvakasvibiswa. Pakati pemarudzi ose ekusvibiswa kwemvura, iyo huru ine chokuita nekushanda kwemaindasitiri mushure meHondo Yenyika II uye kusvikira nhasi. Somuenzaniso, gore rimwe nerimwe anopfuura cubic kilometers anopfuura 450 emvura yakaraswa anorasirwa mugungwa. Kuderedza kusvibiswa uku, mamwe macubic kilometer 6.000 XNUMX emvura yakachena akashandiswa.
Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, matani mamiriyoni maviri etsvina anoyerera achipinda mumvura yenyika zuva nezuva. Chinonyanya kukosha chekusvibisa kushaikwa kwehutungamiri hwakakwana uye kuraswa kwemarara evanhu, maindasitiri neekurima.
Zvimwe zvinwiwa zvinogona kusvibisa nzvimbo huru dzemvura muhuwandu hwakaderera. Semuyenzaniso, marita mana chete epeturu anogona kukanganisa marita emvura anosvika miriyoni 4. Mhuka dzomumvura yakachena dziri kutsakatika nokukurumidza zvakapetwa kashanu kupfuura mhuka dzomunyika.
Migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemvura mugungwa
Nzvimbo yegungwa yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya iGungwa reMediterranean. Mahombekombe eFrance, Spain neItaly mamwe ematunhu akasvibiswa zvakanyanya paPasi. Inotevera pane iyo rondedzero iCaribbean, Celtic, uye North Seas. chikonzero? Marine litter, imwe yematambudziko akakomba ekusvibisa mugungwa. Inodarika 60% yemarara anosvika ipurasitiki. 6,4 miriyoni matani epurasitiki Vanopedzisira vava mugungwa gore negore.
Kana isu tisingade pasi redu uye tikatora matanho ekubvisa kusvibiswa kwemvura, makungwa anogona kupfuura kubva kune vatinoshanda navo mukuderedza mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuvavengi vedu. Iyi mitumbi mikuru yemvura inoita semanyura echisikigo ecarbon dioxide mumhepo. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuderedza magasi egreenhouse uye kukanganisa kwedambudziko remamiriro ekunze.
Parizvino, masayendisiti nenyanzvi kubva kumativi mana enyika vari kutiyambira kuti kana tikasachinja maitiro edu uye tikarega kuburitsa gasi rinosvibisa iri, upenyu huri mumakungwa hahuzorarama nekuda kwekukwira kwetembiricha, uye icho chichava chimwe chinhu chinofanira kutorwa. account.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kushomeka kwemvura uye hydric stress mamwe matambudziko atinofanira kutarisana nawo. Maererano nefungidziro dzeUnited Nations Environment Programme, panosvika 2025, hafu yevagari vepasi ichatarisana nokushomeka kwechinhu ichi chinokosha. Donhwe rega rega remvura yakasvibiswa nhasi rinoreva mvura inorasika mangwana.
Nzira yekudzivirira sei migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemvura
Kudzivisa kusvibiswa kwemvura kuri mumaoko edu. Izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvezvatingaite kuti tibvise kuvepo kwezvinosvibisa mumvura yedu:
- Deredza kubuda kwecarbon dioxide
- Kubvisa kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene nemamwe marudzi emakemikari anotyisidzira hunhu hwedu
- Kucheneswa kwemvura yakasviba
- Usadiridzira mbesa nemvura ine utachiona
- Kurudziro yekuredza hove
- Bvisa mapurasitiki ekushandisa kamwe chete
Ndinotarisira kuti nemashoko aya unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemigumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemvura.