Mhuka dzegungwa reMediterranean

mhando dzemhuka dzemugungwa reMediterranean

Gungwa reMediterranean rinozivikanwa nekupfuma mumhando dzakasiyana dzemaruva nemhuka. Inoonekwa segungwa rine kukosha kwakakura kwenhoroondo kune yese budiriro yekuMadokero sezvo yaive nzvimbo yakasimudzwa tsika dzakawanda. Inoonekwa sechipiri pakukura kwegungwa remukati menyika, kuseri kweCaribbean. Kune akawanda Mediterranean mhuka dzegungwa izvo zvakakosha kuziva kune avo akasiyana maitiro.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze nezvemhuka huru dzeGungwa reMediterranean, maitiro avo uye zvimwe zvekuda kuziva.

maitiro egungwa

Iyi nzvimbo yegungwa ine mvura yakawanda, inomiririra 1% yehuwandu hwepamusoro pemakungwa enyika. Huwandu hwemvura hunosvika 3.735 miriyoni cubic kilometers uye avhareji kudzika kwemvura i1430 metres. Iyo ine hurefu hwakazara hwe3.860 makiromita uye nzvimbo yakazara ye2,5 miriyoni mativi emakiromita.. Yese iyi vhoriyamu yemvura inoita kuti kugeza kugoneke mumapeninsula matatu ekumaodzanyemba kweEurope. Aya mapeninsula iIberian Peninsula, Italy Peninsula uye Balkan. Inogezawo peninsula yeAsia inonzi Anatolia.

Zita reMediterranean rinobva kune vaRoma vekare. Panguva iyoyo yainzi "Mare nostrum" kana "Gungwa Redu". Zita rekuti Mediterranean rinobva kuLatin medi terraneum, zvinoreva kuti pakati penyika. Iro zita rinokonzerwa nekwakabva nzanga yaripa zita rayo, sezvo vaiziva chete nyika yakapoteredza gungwa iri. Izvi zvakaita kuti vaone Mediterranean sepakati penyika. VaGiriki vakapa gungwa iri zita raro kubva kare kusvika nhasi.

Extremar yakabatana neAtlantic Ocean kuburikidza neStrait yeGibraltar. Inowanikwa pakati pemaodzanyemba kweEurope, kuchamhembe kweAfrica, uye pedyo nemahombekombe ekumabvazuva nekumadokero. Iyo Atlantic Ocean haisi iyo chete nzira huru yekutaurirana, asi zvakare yakabatana neBlack Sea kuburikidza neBosphorus neDardanelles. Humwe hukama hwake neGungwa Dzvuku. Yakabatanidzwa neSuez Canal.

Mhuka dzegungwa reMediterranean

Mediterranean mhuka dzegungwa

Mhuka dzinogara muGungwa reMediterranean dzakasiyana-siyana nokuti igungwa rakapfuma mumaruva nemhuka uye izvi zvinokonzerwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nokuti igungwa rinodziya uye rine munyu rinofarira kukura kwezvinomera zvemugungwa mukati. , pasinei nokuti, nokuda kwekusvibiswa, kuenzana kwezvisikwa zvenharaunda iyi yegungwa kunotyisidzirwa zvakakomba.

Kune marudzi anopfuura 17.000 XNUMX akanyoreswa muMediterranean, iyo chete 4,1% iine vertebrates kana hove, nepo inenge 25,6% iine molluscs uye crustaceans. Hunhu hukuru hwezvipenyu zveMedithera ndehwekuti 20% ndeye endemic, zvinoreva kuti inogona kuwanikwa chete muMediterranean.

Hove dzeMediterranean dzinokosheswa zvikuru pamusika uye kubata hove kunounza matambudziko akakomba pakuchengetedza kwadzo. mhando dzakadai cod, red mullet, turbot, flounder, anchovies uye sardines vari kutyisidzirwa, maererano neongororo yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura.

Zvakadaro, hurumende dzakaisa matanho akasiyana ekuona shanduko yezvipfuyo zvemugungwa, zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, hukuru hwekuredza hudiki kana kuvharwa kwenguva pfupi.

Hove dzegungwa reMediterranean

hove dzegungwa

Mhuka dzomugungwa dzeMediterranean dzakasiyana-siyana zvokuti dzinonzi inzvimbo ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi rose.

Hove dzinogara mugungwa iri dzinogona kuverengerwa zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, maererano nekudya kwadzo (carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous), zvichienderana nechimiro chadzo (spindle, pear, compressed, sunken, eel), zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavanogara ( benthic, pelagic, benthic), nezvimwewo…

Hove dzakanyanya kukosha muMediterranean imollusk tsvuku, mullet mutsvuku, cod, Patagonian toothfish (kana Patagonian toothfish), grouper nesea bream. Sehove yakajairika tinowana Diplodocus, ari peciform marudzi akaumbwa neakawanda snappers: king snapper, common snapper, mojarra kana akasiyana snappers, raspallón, pico snapper, nezvimwe…

MuMediterranean, tinogona kupatsanura hove mumapoka maviri makuru, hove dzegungwa nehove dzedombo, imwe neimwe inowanzova nemaitiro ayo. Hove dzemugungwa dzinowanzoshambira mumvura yakashama, kazhinji mhuka dzinotama dzakadai se bluefin tuna (thunnus), lemon hove (seriola dumerili), San Pedro jongwe (Zeus Faber), llampuga, nezvimwewo…

Asi zvakasiyana-siyana kana zvasvika kune rockfish, idzo dzinogara kana kuti dzinowanikwa dzakatenderedza matombo, mapako, kana pasi pegungwa. Pakati pavo, Parablennius, Symphodus, marudzi akasiyana emapoka (ona hove dzinonyanya kukosha), nezvimwewo…

Invertebrate Mediterranean gungwa mhuka

seahorses

Mhuka idzi dzinoratidzwa nehukuru hwadzo husina kukura zvakanyanya uye kushaikwa kwemaskeleton, kunyangwe mazhinji acho achivhara miviri yavo nemabhomba kana nhumbi dzokurwa. Cephalopods ndiyo yakakura invertebrate mhando, kunyangwe iri molluscs, vane hunhu uye hunhu hunowanzoitika pahove pane hwemolluscs, kusanganisira squid, squid uye octopus, idzo mhuka dzinodya dzine hungwaru hwakakura.

Sea urchins nestarfish ndezveboka rema echinoderms, ari ma benthics (anogara pasi pegungwa), anofamba nekukambaira ari low speed uye ane nzira dzekuzvidzivirira kubva pakushandisa muviri wadzo kana kunzvenga vamwe. the Predators.

anemones yegungwa ndedzimwe mhando dzezvipembenene zvemugungwa zvinonamatira kune substrates uye kushandisa matende avo uye filaments. kuti vabate chikafu, vanogona kuvhiringika nealgae kana zvirimwa zvemugungwa, asi chaizvoizvo zvipenyu zvinoberekana seizvi.

Muenzaniso wakajeka weiyi invertebrate is the sea tomato kana horse kiwi, anemone yegungwa kana hermit anemone. Crustaceans inomiririra invertebrates inonyanya kukosha pamusika, kusanganisira prawns, prawns, lobster, lobster, nezvimwe ...

Ivo vanozivikanwa nemuviri wavo usina kusimba uyo wakafukidzwa negoko kuti uzvidzivirire, mukuwedzera, mazhinji acho ane pincers kana pincers yekudyisa, pamwe nema antenna ekuzvitungamira. Kufamba kwake kunonyanya kufamba pasi kana matombo.

Makonye emugungwa, akadai se spirograph, Bispira Volutacornis kana Gusano Tubicula ne Serpula Vermicularis, ane goko rinodzivirira muviri wavo uye anotora chikafu kuburikidza nemafilaments anowedzera semichindwe.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemhuka dzeGungwa reMediterranean uye maitiro avo.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako