Hapana mubvunzo kuti motokari dzemagetsi dziri kukura nokukurumidza. Yakawanda tekinoroji iri pasi pekuvandudzwa kuvandudza kushanda kweinjini idzi. Zvisinei, havasi vanhu vakawanda vanoziva Injini yemagetsi inoshanda sei.
Naizvozvo, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei, ndezvipi zvikamu zvayo uye zvakanakira mukushandiswa kwayo.
Motokari dzemagetsi
Zvishoma zvikamu zvinofamba, zviri nyore uye zvakavimbika kushanda, hapana chikonzero chefiriji kana yechinyakare gearbox. Kwemakore akati wandei, mota dzemagetsi dzave pamiromo yemunhu wese. Iyi yaive imwe yeakanyanya kugadziridzwa epanguva iyoyo, nekuti yekutanga bhatiri-powered mota Yakagadzirwa naRobert Anderson muna 1839. Nekudaro, ivo havazive zvakawanda nezvekuti mota dzemagetsi dzinoshanda sei.
Tesla akazvirova dundundu kuti ega ega edziridzi emotokari anofanirwa kuzadzazve mhepo yekugezesa washer uye brake fluid reservoirs. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mota yemagetsi haiburitse kupisa kwakaringana kuti ide yechinyakare kutonhora system, haidi kuzora inofamba zvikamu, Haina gearbox ine clutch yechinyakare, uye inodawo imwe mvura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwayo uye kutonga kwekushisa.
Zvikamu zvemotokari yemagetsi
Tisati tanzwisisa mutemo wekushanda weinjini yemotokari yemagetsi, tinoda kuziva kuti zvikamu zvayo ndezvipi, nokuti hatigoni kuwana pistons, cylinders, crankshafts, kana exhaust systems, kungotaura zvishomanana. Izvo zvikamu zvemagetsi emagetsi zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana makuru: pane-bhodhi charger, bhatiri, converter uye mota pachayo. Pamwe chete, ivo vane basa rekushandura simba remagetsi ratinochaja mubhatiri kuburikidza neiyo mobile charge yekupinda pamavhiri. Iri ndiro basa rechikamu chimwe nechimwe:
- Pa-board charger: Iyo ine basa rekushandura simba remagetsi kubva kuAC yekuchaja poindi kuita yakananga ikozvino uye kuiunganidza mubhatiri.
- Converter: inotarisira kushandura simba kubva kuDC kuenda kuAC uye zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nekuti tiri kukurumidza kana kuderedza. Iyo inewo basa rekudzora injini maererano nekukumbira kwemutyairi.
- Motokari yemagetsi: inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita kufamba. Muchikamu chekudzikisa, inogona kudzoreredza simba rekubhureki, kushandura kinetic simba kuita simba remagetsi uye kuichengeta mubhatiri, kureva, regenerative braking.
- Battery: Icho chigadziro chemagetsi chekuchengetedza simba chinogadzirwa nemabhatiri maduku. Ndiyo tangi yemafuta emotokari yemagetsi.
Mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei
Mukati memota tine stator, inova static chikamu chemota, pamwe chete nemhepo dzakasiyana siyana, yazvino inopfuura nepamhepo idzi. ichagadzira inotenderera yemagineti mu stator. Pakati, tinowana rotor, iyo inofamba chikamu chine yakagadziriswa magnetic field. Iyo inotenderera yemagineti mu stator inokwevera uye inotenderedza yakagadzika magnetic field ye rotor. Izvi, zvakare, zvinotenderedza mavhiri emotokari yemagetsi kuburikidza nenhevedzano yegiya, zvichigadzira kufamba.
Zvinonakidzawo kunzwisisa kuti motokari dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa sei simba mumatanho akasiyana ekushandiswa kwavo. Tinowana zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana, chikamu chekusimudza uye chikamu chekudzikisa, izvo zvinodzorwa zvakananga nemutyairi.
Muzviitiko zvese izvi, kusiyana neinjini yekupisa, mota yemagetsi inogona kuisa simba kugadzira kufamba kana kushandura kinetic simba (kufamba) kuita simba remagetsi kuchaja bhatiri.
- Chikamu chekuwedzera: Muchikamu chekusimudzira, simba remagetsi muchimiro chakananga ikozvino rinotamiswa kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune inoshandura, uye inoshandura ine basa rekushandura iyi simba remagetsi kubva kune yakananga ikozvino kune inoshandura ikozvino. Izvi zvinosvika pamotokari, iyo inofambisa rotor kuburikidza nehurongwa hunotsanangurwa pamusoro, uye pakupedzisira inova kufamba kwemavhiri.
- Deceleration phase: Muchikamu chino, kufamba kunodzorerwa shure. Ichi chikamu chinotanga nemavhiri, uye mavhiri ari kufamba mushure mekunge chikamu chekusimudzira chapera, ndiko kuti, patinobvisa tsoka dzedu kubva kune accelerator. Iyo mota inogadzira kuramba uye inoshandura iyo kinetic simba kuita alternating ikozvino, iyo inoshandurwa kudzoka kune yakananga ikozvino kuburikidza neinoshandura uye yozochengetwa mubhatiri. Iyi nzira inoitikawo panguva yekuvandudza mabhureki emotokari dzemagetsi.
Mhando
Kana taziva kuti mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei, tichaona kuti ndeapi marudzi makuru aripo:
Yakananga parizvino (DC) mota: sInoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakakosha kukwanisa kuramba uchigadzirisa injini yekumhanya. Mhando iyi yemotokari inofanira kuva nenhamba yakafanana yematanda pane rotor uye stator uye yakaenzana nekabhoni. DC motors inogona kukamurwa kuita marudzi matatu:
- mudungwe
- Parallel
- Akasanganiswa
Alternating Current (AC) Motors: Aya ndiwo mamotor anomhanya pane alternating current. Motokari yemagetsi inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rekutenderera kuburikidza nekubatana kwemagnetic field.
Zvakanakira mota yemagetsi
Pane zvakawanda zvakanaka izvo kushandiswa kwemotokari yemagetsi kunopa zvichienzaniswa neyakajairika. Isu tichanyora ndezvipi zvakakosha zvakanakira:
- Kusavapo kwekubuda kwegasi.
- Silent operation.
- Kureruka kwekubata.
- Iko kugona kwekuichajisa mune chero nzvimbo.
- Iko kugona kwekuichajisa nesimba rinodzokororwa (simba remhepo uye simba rezuva).
- Iyo DC brushed mota sarudzo.
- Mota dzine DC mabhurashi, anogona kuve nemunda wemaronda kana ane magineti echigarire.
- Iyo induction mota, iri nyore uye inoshanda kwazvo.
- Mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi anogona kupa simba repamusoro kwenguva pfupi.
- Masisitimu emota dzemagetsi ndeaya ane mukana wekuve neregenerative braking Nyeredzi & mira, (izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kutora mukana wesimba rinowanzorasika kana braking)
Asi iyo yakanakisa mota yemagetsi, Iyo yechitatu-chikamu induction uye yemagetsi controller ine regenerative braking. Injini iyo, maererano navo, inogona kuwana kuzvitonga kwakanaka uye kuita zero inosvibisa emissions.
Sezvauri kuona, kudzidza mashandiro anoita mota yemagetsi kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kweiyi shanduko tekinoroji. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei.