Nekuda kwekurwisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvibvumirano zvakawanda uye mazano zvakabuda kudzikisa gasi inokanganisa kupisa. Iine iyo Chibvumirano cheParis Nyika dzese dziri mukati dzinoedza kudzikisa CO2 emissions na2050.
Dare reMakurukota eMamiriro ekunze eEuropean Union (EU) yasvika panzvimbo yakafanana ku shandura iyo European Union emissions yekutengesa system (ETS) kwenguva 2021-2030. Chii chavanozowana mazviri?
Yepamutemo package yekudzora chisi
Kubva pakasaina Chibvumirano cheParis muna Zvita 2015, nzira dzakadzorwa nekudzidziswa kudzikisa gasi inokanganisa kupisa pasina kudzora hupfumi nekusimudzira kwenyika. Kana masangano enharaunda akwanisa kusvika pachibvumirano chaicho, ichave yekutanga huru pasuru yemutemo yekudzora mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi. Iri pasuru repamutemo rinozvipira iyo European Union kudzikisira mweya ne43% zvichienzaniswa na2005.
Chibvumirano ichi pakati pemakurukota ezve nharaunda chakagamuchirwa nhasi muBrussels, chave inotsigirwa nenyika 19. Miguel Arias Cañete, European Commissioner for Energy and Climate Action, akasimbisa kuti iyo ETS ndiyo hwaro hwehurongwa pakurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Akasimbisawo kukosha kwechibvumirano ichi, icho chakawanikwa mukati menguva apo mutemo wezvemamiriro ekunze uri kuita shanduko uye kuti iko kuedza kuri kuitwa kunofanirwa kukosheswa.
ETS inoshanda sei?
ETS yave ichishanda kubvira 2005 uye ndiyo yekutanga system munyika inodzora kusvibisa kusvibiswa mumhepo nenyika. Kusvika nhasi, ndiyo yakazara uye yakazara emission control system iripo. Kuti uwane chiyero mukubuda uye kudzikisira mamiriro ekunze, iyi ETS inofanira kuchinjwa pasina mafemu emabhizimusi anotamisa kugadzirwa kwavo kunze kweEU.
ETS inoverengera makumi mana kubva muzana emagetsi ekupfumisa gasi muEuropean Union uye inoshanda kune gumi nemaviri emagetsi anowedzera magetsi maindasitiri, vagadziri vemasimba uye nendege, zvekuti Hurumende yega yega inopa mvumo yekubuditsa chirimwa chimwe nechimwe, nepo miganho ichisimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nekudaro, kuti urambe uri parutivi uye kubatsira kudzikisa gasi inokanganisa kupisa, makambani anogona kusarudza kuisa chikamu chemari yavo mumatekinoroji akachena asingasvibise, senge simba rinowedzerwazve, kana kutenga kodzero dzekubvisa mumusika kune nyika dzisinga dzinoburitsa magasi avo.
Ini pachangu, ichi chidiki chekushamisa kufamba. Kana ichiitirwa kudzikisira kuburitswa kwepasi rose uye isu tikatanga kutenga kodzero dzekubuda kubva kune dzimwe nyika, huwandu hwemagasi atinogona kumira kuburitsa hwaderedzwa, uyezve, zvese zvinoramba zvakangofanana. Nyika dzine utsi hwakawanda dzaizove nebasa rakawandisa rehupfumi uye hupfumi hwakawanda uye, kune rumwe rutivi, nyika dzisingabudise magasi avo dzaizogumira mukukura kwavo kwehupfumi.
Ehe, zvakafanira zvakare kutaura chokwadi icho nhasi, kusvibisa zvimwe hazvireve kuva nehupfumi huri nani. Munyika dzakabudirira idzo tekinoroji yakachena uye simba rinowedzerwazve riri kuwedzera uye richisimukira, vanogona kuwedzera mabasa avo ehupfumi uye GDP yenyika pasina kudikanwa kwekuburitsa magasi ekupisa mumhepo kana kushandisa mafuta epasi mumabasa avo emaindasitiri.
Iko kudiwa kwemafuta kunowira uye pamwe nemitengo
Mutengo wekodzero dzekubuda dzakakomberedza 25 euros yetoni yega yega ye CO2 kuti isu emit muchadenga. Nekudaro, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwesimba rekushandisa, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchaderedzwa uye, nekudaro, sekuda kwekudonha, mitengo inoderera. Zvakare, kudonha kwemitengo uku kunonzi kwakakonzerwa nedambudziko rezvehupfumi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mitengo yakadzikiswa zvakanyanya zvekuti kubuda kwacho muna 2016 yaive yakakosha maeuro mana chete.
Masangano aya matatu anotarisirwa kusvika pachibvumirano zhizha risati rasvika kuti vagadzirise hurongwa hwakagadzirirwa kurwisa kuwedzera kwemweya we greenhouse uye kuti EU inogona kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze.