Nhasi ticha taura nezve chimwe chiSpanish simba renyukireya chine kukosha kwakanyanya musimba remagetsi. Ndezve chirimwa cheAlmaraz chenyukireya. Iri munzvimbo yemunharaunda yeAlmaraz de Tajo (Cáceres). Idzo nzvimbo dzainowanikwa ine nzvimbo ye1683 mahekita epasi uye haizi kungori chete mumaspala eAlmaraz, asiwo chikamu cheSaucedilla, Serrejón neRomangordo. Iyi nzvimbo yakasarudzwa kuvakwa kwemuti nekuti ine yakanaka kwazvo seismotectonic, geological, mamiriro ekunze uye hydrological maitiro.
Muchikamu chino ticha ongorora zvakakwana Almaraz simba renyukireya. Kana iwe uchitya simba renyukireya uye uchida kuziva zvirinani mashandiro emagetsi enyukireya, ino ndiyo posvo yako
Kuisirwa kweAlmaraz simba renyukireya
Iyi nyukiliya yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemaviri 2947 MW thermal akamanikidzwa mwenje mvura magetsi. Imwe yeayo ane matatu anotonhorera maseketi. Mukugadzira uye kuvaka kwayo kune mupiro weSpanish ku80%. Basa rayo rinodzorwa ne Nyukireya Kanzuru Yekuchengetedza (CSN).
Iwo maviri akareruka-mvura maactor anoshandisa zvishoma akafumisa uranium oxide semafuta. Izvi zvinoita simba rayo remagetsi ari 1.049,43 MW uye 1.044,45 MW, zvichiteerana. Simba renyukireya rinowanikwa ne53% naIberdrola Generación Nuclear, SAU, naEndesa Generación, SAU ne36% uye neGesi Natural Fenosa Generación, SLU ne11%.
Iwo macircuit anotonhorera ari munzvimbo dzekubata dzakagadzirirwa mune yega yega chivakwa chemagetsi. Mhepo inouya kubva kumajenareta inoitiswa kune chivakwa cheturbine icho chinogadzika ese ma-turbo-mapoka mukamuri imwechete, asi zvakazvimiririra.
Iko kunotonhorera kudya kunowanzoitika mune zvese kuiswa kubva kunotonhorera sosi. Kuti utonhorere iyo reactor uye kwete kupisa kupisa kwemakemikari kunoitika mukati meyukireya magetsi chirimwa, iro dura reArrocampo rakavakwa. Iri dura rakavakirwa chete kutonhora kweiyo nyukireya magetsi chirimwa.
Kupisa uye kupisa mafuta
Iyo Almaraz simba renyukireya inokwanisa kurodha mune yayo reactor anenge 72 matani euranium oxide yakafumiswa neUranium 235. Izvi zvinoitwa pachiyero che4,5% kuti unyatso reagents.
Iyo mafuta inogona kuoneka muchimiro chemakirindiki pellets anenge 8,1mm muhupamhi uye 9,8mm pakureba. Dzakarongedzwa mumatare esimbi zircaloy alloy machubhu anopfuura anopfuura 4 metres kureba uye 10 mm dhayamita. Aya machubhu akaiswawo mumapoka mumasumbu angangoita mazana maviri negumi nemapfumbamwe. Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti zvinhu zvemafuta uye zvakagadzirirwa mauniti kuti agadzire matanda emafuta. Mamwe ese anongova machubhu ayo anopawo kuomarara kune chimiro chechiridzwa uye matanda ekudzora.
Reactor ngarava ine huwandu hwese hwemazana gumi nemashanu emafuta emafuta. Saka kuti maitiro asamire uye agone kuburitsa simba remagetsi uchienderera, iyo reactor inofanirwa kugadziridzwa nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinoitwa nekushandura chetatu chezvinhu zvemafuta.
Kutipa zano, zuva rimwe rekugadzirwa panzvimbo ino yemagetsi yenyukireya yakaenzana nekudyiwa kwemazana emakumi matanhatu neshanu emabhora emafuta muchirimwa chemafuta chine simba rakafanana. Kana tikazvienzanisa ne chinogadzirwa chemagetsi chinopisa iyo inoshandisa marasha semafuta, matani zviuru gumi nemana ayo angashandiswa pazuva. Nenzira iyi, iyo Almaraz nyukireya simba chirimwa inodzivirira kuburitswa kwematani emamirioni makumi mana eCO48 mumhepo. Uku kudzikisira kunotenda kudziya kwepasi pamwe nemhedzisiro inokanganisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasirese.
Fluid uye steam chizvarwa
Kugadzira iyo steam inodiwa kupisa ma reactant, pane yekutanga dunhu. Yakagadzirwa ngarava ine iyo nucleus, iyo yekutsikirira uye zvishwe zvitatu. Imwe yega yezvishongo ine yakavakirwa-mukati emagetsi jenareta nepombi huru. Mvura inotenderera mukati inofanirwa kudonhedzwa kuti isavhiringidze michina. Sezvo ichipfuura nemukati inotora mukati mekupisa iyo inogadzirwa mukupisa kunobva kune iyo Nyukliya fision uye inoiendesa kune jenareta yemhepo.
Kamwe mairi, kuyerera kwechipiri kwemvura kunoitisa kutora kupisa kubva pamapombi ayo anotenderera emvura yapamberi. Mvura mbiri idzi dzakasununguka kune imwe neimwe. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kuyerera kwekutanga kwemvura kune basa rekutora kupisa kweyekuita uye kwechipiri kuyerera kwekutonhodza kwekutanga. Zvese izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya.
Iyo reactor nedunhu rayo rinotonhorera zvirimo mukati meye hermetic uye isina mvura yakavharwa, inonzi «Containment», Inosanganisira cylindrical kongiri dhizaini 1,4 m gobvu pane yayo yekumusoro yepamusoro uye ine 10 mm gobvu simbi yekumhara. Rutsigiro rwechimiro chekongiri rine ukobvu hwe3,5 m.
Iyo midziyo ine yekuvhara kwepamusoro iyo yakaumbwa senge hemispherical dome. Iko kushanda kwedunhu rekutanga kunowedzeredzwa neakasiyana masisitimu ekubatsira. Aya masisitimu ane basa rakakosha kuitira kuti pasave nenjodzi. Izvo ndezvekusimbisa iyo vhoriyamu, kuchenesa uye kudzora kweiyo firiji. Kune izvi ine yakanaka chemakemikari yekudzivirira uye kurapwa kweyakaoma, mvura uye gasi marara. Iyo zvakare ine mamwe mabasa anodikanwa kuti oparesheni ive yakarurama.
Chizvarwa chemagetsi
Pekupedzisira tinosvika pachikamu chekupedzisira panogadzirwa magetsi neAlmaraz simba renyukireya. Kushanda kwayo kwakafanana nezvimwe zvinomera zvine simba renyukireya zvakaita se iya yeCofrentes. Muchikamu chechipiri, iyo steam inogadzirwa mumajenareta inoitiswa kunzvimbo inotonhora kuburikidza ne turbine. Iyi turbine inoitisa shanduko yemafuta anopisa kuita michina simba.
Kutenderera kweturbine mashizha inotyaira iyo central alternator zvakananga uye inogadzira simba remagetsi. Mhute yemvura iyo inobuda mu turbine inova mvura mu condenser, ichidzoka, kuburikidza nerubatsiro rwe condensate uye yekupa pombi dzemvura, kune iyo jenareta yemhepo kuti itangezve kutenderera. Maitiro akati wandei ekutanga kupisa anoverengerwa muchikamu chino kubatsira kukwidziridza mashandiro ethermodynamic. Kutungamira kuitisa (by-pass) kunoitisa kuitisa iyo steam kubva kune inopinda kuenda kune yakakwira yekumanikidza turbine kune iyo condenser.
Neruzivo urwu iwe unozogona kuziva zvakadzama mashandiro anoita Almaraz nyukireya magetsi chirimwa.