Monga tonse tikudziwa, kubwezeretsanso ndi njira yosinthira zinyalala ndi zinyalala kukhala zida zatsopano kuti zida zatsopano zisagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga ndi kupanga. Kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yobwezeretsanso izi, zinyalalazo ziyenera kunyamulidwa kupita kumalo osungiramo zinthu zapadera kuti zisinthidwe, zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe ingapo, kaya ndi makina okwanira ndi ogwira ntchito oyenerera, kapena potengera zosowa zanu. . Pakuti izi ndizo zobwezeretsanso zomera.
M'nkhaniyi tikuuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza zobwezeretsanso zomera, makhalidwe awo ndi kufunika kwake.
Zotsatira
Njira yoyendetsera zinyalala
Kuchokera pagalimoto kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena doko lotsitsa, zinyalala zimayenera kudutsa magawo angapo, zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi iwo, pamodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ndi makina, mosasamala kanthu komwe amachokera.
Popeza mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala, lnyumba zosungiramo katundu ziyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa zinyalala, kotero ife tikhoza kuwagawa iwo kupyolera mu mfundo zomwezi.
Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otakata mokwanira kuti athe kusankha ndikuyika zinyalala zamtundu wa municipalities (MSW) m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kaya organic kapena inorganic, kuti apange kompositi yapamwamba kwambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu ayenera kusinthidwa mokwanira kuti achite, komanso ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makinawo kapena omwe amakhala ndi malo olekanitsa zinyalala. Ogwira ntchito sayenera kukhala ndi khalidwe lapamwamba, komanso ayenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zoyenera zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimatsimikizira chitetezo chawo ndi chitetezo kuntchito.
Ponena za kapangidwe, nyumba yosungiramo katunduyo iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zobwezeretsanso zichitike mmenemo. Komanso, nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuunikira kwabwino.
Masitepe opangira zobwezeretsanso
Zinyalala zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zanyumba kapena zamalonda ndi zamakampani. Uwu ndiye ulalo woyamba pamayendedwe obwezeretsanso ndipo ndi pomwe zinyalala zimapangidwira. Malo opangira nyumba ndi nyumba zogona; mabizinesi, masitolo, mipiringidzo, malo odyera ndi masitolo wamba; ndi mafakitale, makampani ndi mabizinesi. Zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa m'malowa zitha kulekanitsidwa ndikuzibwezeretsanso kudzera m'mabini osiyanasiyana obwezeretsanso.
Ponena za kampaniyo, posayina mapangano ndi makampani ena omwe amayang'anira zinyalala. Kutsatira sitepe iyi ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kuthyola unyolo.
Gawo lachiwiri mu unyolo wobwezeretsanso ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalalazo. Zimaphatikizapo kutolera ndi kunyamula zinyalala m'mitsuko yofananira. Pali zotengera zachitsulo, pulasitiki kapena chitsulo, mpaka ma kiyubiki metres 40, ma compactor, ma shredders a mapepala ndi makina ambiri omwe akukhudzidwa.
Chomera chosankha zinyalala ndi kusamutsa
Ulalo uwu sukhalapo nthawi zonse mu unyolo. Iyi ndi fakitale yosonkhanitsira zinyalala kuti itolere momwe ingathere ndikupezerapo mwayi pamayendedwe osayenda mopanda kuwononga. Chitsanzo ndi makina opangira mapepala ndi makatoni. Amasonkhanitsa zinthu zonsezi, kuziyika mu ndowa zazikulu, kenako kupita nazo kumalo ena kumene akupita. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera.
Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso. Ndi mu sitepe iyi kuti zinyalala zimalekanitsidwa ndikugawidwa, kotero kuti chirichonse chikhale chogwirizana, choikidwa pamodzi m’magulu ndipo chikhoza kunyamulidwa padera. Choncho, ntchito yokonza ndi kubwezeretsanso makina amalimbikitsidwa ndi kusinthidwa.
Kutaya zinyalala
Gawo lomaliza la mpikisano wa mtunda wautali umenewu ndi kutaya zinyalala. Pali mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana pokonza zinyalala. Atha kukhala malo obwezeretsanso zinthu (mapepala ndi makatoni, pulasitiki, zitsulo, matabwa, magalasi…), zinyalala zoyendetsedwa (nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zotayiramo) kapena malo opangira mphamvu (biomass, biogas, incinerators…).
Kuphatikiza pa magawo asanu awa, zida zosiyanasiyana zimatha kutsata njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo. Pambuyo pokonza, zinthu zomwe poyamba zidawonongeka zimaukitsidwa. Iwo amakhala zinthu zatsopano. Nzika yodalirika imalekanitsa ndi kusunga zinyalala m’njira yoyenera. Pali maubwino ambiri kuphatikiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo otayiramo, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, kusunga madzi ndi mphamvu, ndikupanga ntchito zokhazikika.
Mbali za chomera chobwezeretsanso
Kuti izi zitheke bwino m'fakitale yobwezeretsanso, zinyalalazo ziyenera kutumizidwa kumalo osungiramo katundu odzipereka kuti zisinthe mtsogolo. Izi ziyenera kukhala ndi mndandanda wa makhalidwe okwanira, kuphatikizapo makina okwanira ndi ogwira ntchito oyenerera oyenerera sitimayo yokha.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira kuchokera pagalimoto kupita ku hangar kapena doko lotsitsa makina. Kuchokera pamenepo, zinyalala ziyenera kudutsa magawo angapo, zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zinyalala zidzadutsamo, pamodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ndi makina ogwirizana nawo, mosasamala kanthu za chiyambi chawo.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala, nyumba yosungiramo katunduyo iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu uliwonse wa zinyalala. Mwa njira iyi, iwo akhoza kugawidwa ndi lingaliro lomwelo. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala mokwanira kulola magawo osiyanasiyana osankhidwa ndi gulu la zinyalala zam'tawuni (MSW). Zinyalala zakuthupi ziyenera kupanga kompositi yomaliza yapamwamba kwambiri.
Choncho, makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu ayenera kukhala bwino ndipo ayenera kusinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino. Momwemonso, ogwira ntchito pamakinawa kapena omwe ali ndi maudindo pakulekanitsa zinyalala ayeneranso kukonzekera.
Osati kokha ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala oyenerera kwambiri, koma ayeneranso kukhala ndi zipangizo zoyenera. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muteteze chitetezo chokwanira pantchito. Pankhani ya kapangidwe kake, nyumba yosungiramo katundu iyenera kukhala yayikulu, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zobwezeretsanso zichitike mmenemo. Komanso, nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuunikira kwabwino.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chidziwitsochi mutha kuphunzira zambiri za chomera chobwezeretsanso ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Khalani oyamba kuyankha