Adobe ndi njerwa kapena kachidutswa kamene kamapangidwa ndi manja ndipo amapangidwa makamaka ndi dongo ndi mchenga. Zinthu zamtunduwu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nyumba za adobe. Kupangidwa kwa nyumba zamtunduwu kukukulirakulira chifukwa amatengedwa ngati zinthu zachilengedwe. Chofunikira chachikulu cha adobe ndikuti ili ndi makina owumitsa apadera poyang'ana chilengedwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nyumba za adobe zikhale zosangalatsa kwa omanga ndi omanga ambiri.
Chifukwa chake, tipereka nkhaniyi kuti tikuuzeni zomwe nyumba za adobe zimafunikira komanso kufunikira kwake.
Zotsatira
nyumba za adobe
Kumanga nyumba zokhala ndi adobe ndizokhazikika, zathanzi komanso zotsika mtengo, ndipo ndizinthu zabwino kwambiri zomangira zachilengedwe. LAdobes ndi zinthu zomangira zopangidwa ndi dongo, mchenga ndi udzu. (kupirira kugwedezeka), nthawi zina manyowa (zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimakhala ndi udzu wosamva, zomwe zimadutsa m'mimba ya nyama) zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwonjezere kukana kwa makina.
Kumanga kwachilengedwe kwa nyumba za adobe kumayenda bwino m'matembenuzidwe ake akatswiri kwambiri chifukwa cha phindu lake paumoyo, kutsekereza kwabwino kwambiri komanso kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe. Kumanga ndi zipangizo zachilengedwe kulibe zovuta zambiri monga momwe tingaganizire, muyenera kuchita ntchito yabwino pamaziko ndikudzipatula nokha ku chinyezi, condensation ndi mavuto ena oyambirira.
Adobe ndi chinthu chomangirira choyenera, chothandiza, chokhazikika komanso chosavuta kusintha chomwe chamangidwa, ndi chinthu cholimba komanso cholimba chomwe pakusamalidwa bwino chimatha kupirira pakapita nthawi.
Ubwino wa nyumba za adobe
Ubwino waukulu wa adobe ndikuti ndi wosavuta kupanga ndipo zida zoyambira za adobe zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi komwe zingamangidwe, bola pali malo.
Ubwino wina womanga ndi adobe ndi kuphweka kwa kuphedwa, kukwanitsa, zinthu monga kutchinjiriza matenthedwe, kusungunula kwamayimbidwe ndi ma radiation a electromagnetic high-frequency, kuyendetsa bwino kwachuma chifukwa kumapangidwa ndi manja mu nkhungu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zero popeza kulibe makina amtundu uliwonse. Mankhwala amatha kuwonjezeredwa, koma gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe.
Pomaliza, zindikirani kuti ndi chinthu chobwezerezedwanso, popeza zinthuzo zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso zimatha kuwonongeka, ponse pakupanga zinthu komanso panthawi yomanga ndi kugwetsa.
Zoyipa zazikulu
Monga zovuta zofunika kwambiri za nkhaniyi tingatchule kusatetezeka kwawo ku masoka achilengedwe monga zivomezi ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuchedwa kwa njira yake yopangira, popeza zimatenga milungu inayi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zitapangidwa pamalo.
Kukula koyenera kwa njerwa za adobe ndi 50 cm x 33 cm. × 8 cm., makulidwe a khoma ndi masentimita 50, tidzathetsa vuto la kutsekemera kwamafuta, kutsekemera kwamayimbidwe, tidzapeza kukana kwa 10 kg / cm2.
Ndikoyenera kupanga osachepera 10 Mlingo wosiyana, kuyesa mu labotale yovomerezeka, chitsanzo cha khoma chomwe chimatipatsa makina abwino kwambiri chidzakhala chitsanzo chomwe ma adobe onse amapangidwa.
Zomangamanga
Njira yowumitsa ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti muteteze chipangizocho ku radiation ya dzuwa, makamaka mu nyengo kutentha kwambiri, kuteteza nthunzi mofulumira wa chinyezi ndi unit kusweka.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa capillary chifukwa cha chinyezi, masentimita 50 oyambirira a khomalo adzapangidwa ndi miyala yokhala ndi nembanemba yapakatikati yopanda madzi, kapena osachepera, makoma a adobe mkati ndi kunja adzapakidwa utoto wa laimu.
Zoonadi, malingana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chowerengedwa ndi dongosolo (ndi cholemera chofanana), khoma lidzakhala ndi maziko ake a konkire kapena mpira wa bowling.
Timadziwa ubwino ndi zolephera za adobe, choncho kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsira ntchito moyenera kuchokera ku malingaliro omanga, popeza amadziwika kuti samathandizira kukokoloka kwa madzi, ayenera kutetezedwa kuti apitirize kukhazikika pakapita nthawi.
Kuti nyumba ya adobe ikhale yathanzi komanso yopanda chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri kapena kuwonongeka, tidzapewa izi: Kukhalapo kwa madzi pamwamba pa nyumbayo popanda kutseguka, ming'alu kapena ma capillary ngalande pamwamba omwe amalola kuti madzi azitha kuyenda. fyuluta ndipo potsiriza, palibe mphamvu, kupanikizika, mphamvu yokoka, kapena capillary kanthu kuti madzi alowe m'mitsempha. Sikuti ndi kuteteza madzi nyumba yonse, koma kulola dziko lapansi kupuma, kulola nthunzi yamadzi ndi mpweya kuyenda momasuka kudzera muzinthu zomwe zimalamuliridwa.
Pali njira ziwiri zotetezera nkhaniyi, Choyamba komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi mapangidwe abwino a zomangamanga, zomwe zidzatilepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto, pamenepa kamangidwe kameneka kameneka kamangidwe kamene kamateteza makoma. Njira ina yotetezera adobe ndikuyika padenga pang'onopang'ono, koma kumbukirani kuti makoma sayenera kuphimbidwa mpaka shrinkage yowuma ikhale yosasunthika, isanakhazikike ndipo chinyezi chatuluka. Kuyanika kwafika pamlingo wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri cha 5% mkati mwa adobe.
Economics za nyumba za adobe
Chuma sichiyenera kukhala chofunikira kwambiri posankha zida, choyambirira chiyenera kuperekedwa ku matekinoloje omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndiko kuti, nyumba yomangidwa ndi adobe. Mutha kusunga mpaka 50% mphamvu pachaka.
Adobe imalola kuti zimangidwe zisinthidwe mosavuta, kupanga mabowo m'makoma omwe alipo kuti akhazikitse ntchito zatsopano zamadzi, kuthetsa makonzedwe atsopano m'njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi njira zina zomanga.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe za adobe ndikuti njerwa zitha kubwezeretsedwanso mu situ m'makoma a nyumba zatsopano, kusandutsa zotsalazo kukhala dziko lapansi ndi kuziphatikiza ndi dziko lapansi popanda kusiya zotsalira.
Mwachidule, kwa zaka zambiri njira zomanga zachilengedwe zasinthidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa ndi njira zamakono zomangira, koma maphunziro osiyanasiyana atsimikizira ubwino ndi ubwino wa zomangamanga zachilengedwe. Masiku ano titha kusiya kuganiza za adobe ngati zida zomangira zakale, tiyenera kuziwona ngati njira yokhazikika yomanga nyumba zabwino komanso zathanzi.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chidziwitsochi mungaphunzire zambiri za nyumba za adobe ndi makhalidwe awo.
Khalani oyamba kuyankha