Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu komwe kudzabwera kukalimbikitsa mphamvu zowonjezeredwa

Ngakhale timagwirizanitsa lingaliro lolanda ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera padzuwa ndi mapanelo azolowera dzuwa, anthu agwiritsa ntchito gwero lamphamvuli kuyambira pamenepo zaka masauzande zapitazo kuwunikira ndi kutentha nyumba yanu, tenga madzi otentha ndikuphika. Ponena za mphepo, mphero zamakono ndizosintha za zomwe zawonetsedwa kale ku Don Quixote Cervantes.

Kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri kwasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, mwa zina, kukhala chinthu china yogwira ntchito mosavuta komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma padakali njira yayitali kuti titha kuyiwaliratu za mafuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kokha mphamvu zina. Magulu mazana a ofufuza ndi mainjiniya padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito kuti athandize mphamvuzi, ndipo awa ndi ena mwa malingaliro awo.

1. Perovskites

Maselo apano amtundu wa sililoni amakono amakhala ndi zovuta zina: amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri imapezeka m'chilengedwe mwanjira yoyera komanso yofunikira kuti ipangidwe, ndi ouma komanso olemera, ndipo mphamvu zawo ndizochepa komanso ndizovuta kuzikweza. Zina mwazinthu zatsopano, zotchedwa perovskites, zimayikidwa pakati pazabwino kwambiri zothetsera zofooka izi, chifukwa chakuti zimadalira zinthu zambiri ndi zotchipa popeza ali ndi kuthekera kokwanira kuchita bwino.

Perovskites ndi a gulu lonse lazinthu momwe mamolekyu opangidwa mwachilengedwe amapangidwa kwambiri ndi kaboni ndi haidrojeni wokhala ndi chitsulo, monga lead, ndi halogen, monga chlorine, mu kristalo woboola pakati. Amatha kupezeka ndi kumasuka pang'ono, wotsika mtengo komanso wopanda mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale filimu yopyapyala komanso yopepuka yomwe imatha kusintha mawonekedwe aliwonse, yomwe ingalole kupanga mapanelo azenera m'njira yosavuta, yothandiza komanso ndi zotsatira zosinthika ndikusavuta kukhazikitsa.

Komabe, ali ndi zovuta ziwiri: choyamba ndikuti kuthekera kophatikiziramo kupanga misa sizinatsimikizidwebe; inayo, yomwe amakonda kutero gawani mwachangu kwambiri munthawi zenizeni.

2. Inki ya Photovoltaic

Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta za ma perovskites, gulu lochokera ku US National Renewable Energy Laboratory lakonza njira yatsopano yochitira izi. Ndizokhudza kupanga 'inki ya photovoltaic yomwe imawalola kuti akhale munjira zodzipangira zokha.

Kufufuza uku kunayamba ndi a pervoskite yosavuta kwambiri yopangidwa ndi ayodini, lead ndi methylammonium. Mumikhalidwe yabwinobwino, kusakanikirana kumeneku kumatha kupanga makhiristo, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri kuti zitheke pambuyo pake, zomwe zingachedwetse ndikupanga njira yotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake gululi linayang'ana zinthu zomwe zithandizire kupangika kwa kristalo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha zina mwazinthu zina, monga chlorine, ndikuwonjezera zomwe amatcha "zosungunulira zoipa," chinthu chomwe chingathetsere yankho mwachangu.

3. Makina awiri oyendera mphepo ozungulira

Malinga ndi mainjiniya Anupam Sharma ndi Hui Hu, ochokera ku Iowa Energy Center, oyambitsa mphepo ali ndi mavuto awiri akulu omwe amachepetsa mphamvu zawo: chimodzi, kuti ndi zidutswa zazikuluzikulu zomwe sizimapanga mphamvu mwa izo zokha, ndipo chachiwiri, kuti amayambitsa a kusokonezeka mu mphepo zomwe zimachepetsanso mphamvu ya jenereta aliyense yemwe ali kumbuyo kwawo pakati pa 8 ndi 40% kutengera momwe zinthu zilili.

Yankho lanu ndi onjezani ozungulira wachiwiri, zing'onozing'ono, ku chopangira chilichonse. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwawo ndi mayeso omwe adachitika munjira zamphepo, masamba owonjezerawa amakulitsa mphamvu zopangidwa mpaka 18%. Dongosolo ndikuti apange turbine ndi ozungulira awiri moyenera momwe angathere, kudziwa komwe kuli malo abwino kuyikirako yachiwiri, kukula kwake, kukula kwake, ndipo ngati ikuyenera kuzungulira mozungulira ngati mozungulira, kapena mozungulira.

4. Mawonekedwe oyandama a dzuwa

Kuyambira 2011 kampani yaku France ya Ciel & Terre yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuti ipange magulu akuluakulu oyandama padzuwa. Makina ake, otchedwa Hydrelio Floating PV amalola mapanelo azolowera dzuwa amaikidwa pamwamba pamadzi ambiri monga nyanja, malo osungira madzi ndi ngalande zamadzi zothirira ndi zina zotero, komanso madamu opanga magetsi a photovoltaic. Ndizokhudza kupanga njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kumapaki ozungulira dzuwa, makamaka kuganizira za mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madera akulu amadzi ndikuti sayenera kusiya kuwapatsa ntchito yambiri.

Malinga ndi kampaniyo, ndiosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndikusokoneza, amatha kusintha mawonekedwe amagetsi osiyanasiyana, ndi owopsa ndipo safuna zida zolemera kapena zida. Malo oyamba amtunduwu adamangidwa ku United Kingdom ndi Japan.