Kuyimitsa mphepo kumatenga nthawi yayitali wazaka zinayi ku Catalonia. Popeza famu ya mphepo ya Serra de Vilobí II idakhazikitsidwa mu Januware 2013, mdera la Les Garrigues, palibe magetsi atsopano a megawatt omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, projekiti yotsogola kwambiri yopezerapo mwayi wamagetsi ndiyomwe imalimbikitsa Gasi Wachilengedwe Fenosa ku Terra Alta, yomwe idachedwa kale. Ntchitoyi idaperekedwa ndi Generalitat mu Okutobala 2010; chifukwa chake, pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo ntchitoyi idakalibe pagulu.
Tsoka ilo, ngati kuyenda kwa magetsi oyera ku Catalonia kukusungidwa motere, zidzakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa Mgwirizano Wadziko Lonse Wosintha Mphamvu ku Catalonia. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse uwu umakhazikitsa kuti mu 2050, 100% yamagetsi omaliza ku Catalonia adzayambiranso ndipo kuti mu 2030 50% yamagetsi azimachokera kumagwero oyera.
Polimbana ndi malingaliro osasangalatsa (chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa zenizeni ndi zomwe zakonzedwa), mabungwe amabizinesi olumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zowonjezeredwa ku Catalonia (APPA, EolicCat, Pimec, Unef ...) apanga ma alarm awo. Onsewa amachenjeza motero sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe anagwirizana. Pazifukwa zonsezi, adziwitsa a Catalan Administration ndi magulu onse andale kufunika kovomereza dongosolo lokhazikika lothandizanso kukhazikitsa mphamvu zowonjezeredwa.
Zotsatira
Zovuta kapena zosatheka?
Zomwe zikuchitika ku Catalonia ndizodziwika chifukwa chodalira mphamvu za nyukiliya muukadaulo wamagetsi (zoposa 54% zimachokera ku malo opangira mphamvu za atomiki, poyerekeza ndi 18% kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zitha kupitsidwanso, malinga ndi data ya 2015), yomwe imapanganso kukula ikufuna 0,7% pachaka.
Kodi zinthu zingasinthe?
Ngati zolinga za 2030 zikuyenera kukwaniritsidwa (cholinga cha 50% yamagetsi kuchokera kumagwero obwezerezedwanso), kuyambira mu 2019, 300 MW ya mbadwo watsopano wa mphepo ndi 300 MW ina ya mbadwo watsopano iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse. m'badwo wa photovoltaic. Zonse pamodzi, 3.600 MW ya mphepo komanso 3.700 ina ya photovoltaic.
Mwanjira iyi, zongowonjezwdwa zimatha kufikira 50% ya zofunikira (zina zonse zimachokera gasi woyaka amawotchera m'malo ophatikizana, malo opangira magetsi m'makampani ndi makina amagetsi amodzi omwe akugwirabe ntchito).
Malamulo atsopano
Malinga ndi manejala wa EolicCat: kuti akwaniritse zolinga izi mu zongowonjezwdwa kuyenera kukhazikitsa kusintha kwamalamulo ndi sintha mapu amphepo ku Catalonia (komwe malo omwe gwero lingagwiritsidwe ntchito akhazikitsidwa), kotero kuti madera omwe tsopano sakugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa kwa minda yamphepo, awunikidwanso kuti athetse gwero loyera ngati kuli kotheka.
Mabungwe azamalonda akuwonjezera kuti makina apano ayenera kusinthidwa kuti apititse patsogolo mafamu atsopano amphepo, kuti tithandizire kupezeka kwa malo opitilira 10 MW. Kuphatikiza apo, akufunsidwa kuti asinthe ndondomekoyi, popeza pakadali pano ndizotheka kuwalimbikitsa kudzera m'minda yomwe Administration amawapatsa mphoto kwa wotsatsa wokwera kwambiri, kuphatikiza pakutsegula kuthekera kopangidwa ndi "kupititsa patsogolo kwaulere".
Palibe malipiro
Kuyimitsidwa kwa mphepo ku Catalonia kwachitika chifukwa ntchito zatsopano zatha ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pomwe Boma limachotsa ndalama zoyambira mu 2012 anali ndi magetsi atsopano oyera. Zotsatira zake zidakhala kuti malingaliro onse a Generalitat kukhazikitsa minda yatsopano yamphepo adatha.
Boma lidakonza zokhazikitsa Madera asanu ndi awiri ofunikira kwambiri otukula mphepo (ZDP) idagawidwa ku Catalonia (769 MW ndi kubzala kwa 1200 miliyoni), koma zonse zomwe zidatsalira ndizofera.
Mwa asanu ndi mmodzi mwa ZPD awa, omwe adayitanitsa bwino omwe adapeza bwino atumiza kusiya ntchito, kuyambira pomwe zikhalidwe zatsopano za gululi, popanda kulipira mphepo zamagetsi kupitirira mtengo wamsika, adapangitsa kuti ntchito zake zisasinthe. Chifukwa chake, gawo lokhalo lokhazikitsa Terra Alta akadali "amoyo" - ku Vilalba dels Arcs, La Pobla de Massaluca ndi Batea, omwe akuphatikiza mpaka 90 MW--, omwe adapatsidwa ku Gas Natural Renovables-Alstom Wind. Ntchitoyi, komabe, ipeza kuchedwa kwakanthawi.
Malinga ndi Gasi Wachilengedwe, sikudziwa kanthu kochedwa, chifukwa apereka zolemba zonse zofunika.
Zomwe zakonzedwa sizinakwaniritsidwe
Zowonjezeredwa zimakhala zopitilira 2015% yamphamvu zonse zopangidwa ku Catalonia ku 8. Ndipo pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magetsi, 1.268 MW yamagetsi amphepo amaikidwa; 267.345 MW ndi 24 MW zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi, pakati pazipangizo zowonjezeredwa. The Catalan Administration ikuvomereza kuti kuchuluka kwa kutsata zomwe zikukonzekera ku Catalonia (Plan d'Energia i Canvi Climàtic 2012-20120) ndi "kotsika kwambiri", komwe akuti "kuvomerezedwa kwake kudagwirizana ndi kusintha kwamalamulo komwe zaletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu zowonjezeredwa ku Catalonia komanso kudera lina lonse la State ”.
Makhalidwe atsopano amafunika
Malinga ndi mabungwe omwe adzawonjezeredwe mphamvu "Kupitilira kukonzekera kwatsopano, chomwe chikufunika ndi njira zowongolera komanso zachuma zomwe osakhala ochepetsa komanso okhwimitsa zinthu ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu zowonjezeredwa (pali zoposa 1.000 MW zamagetsi zamagetsi zovomerezeka zomwe sizinayikidwe), ndi mgwirizano wamagulu ndi anthu womwe umaloleza kukhazikitsa kwawo m'deralo ".
"Pamagawo oyang'anira, Generalitat ikugwira ntchito yopanga malamulo atsopano omwe ali ovuta kwambiri kuthandizira kulimbikitsa mphamvu zowonjezereka. Ponena za mgwirizano wamagulu ndi anthu, mgwirizano wamayiko onse ndi chimango choyambira kutsutsana ndikupanga zida zothetsera equation yomwe ikuganiza kuti makhazikitsidwe amafunikanso kukhala m'malo ambiri m'derali ".
Khalani oyamba kuyankha