Iwu Faraday

Michael Faraday bụ onye sayensị nwere nnukwu onyinye na ụwa sayensị. Site na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị a, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị anyị ji eme ihe n'oge anyị taa na-achịkwa nke Iwu Faraday. Ntinye aka nke electromagnetic bụ usoro nke enwere ike ibute ọkụ eletrik site na ngbanwe nke magnet. Ntinye nke electromagnetic a metụtara iwu Faraday.

N’isiokwu a anyị ga-agwa gị gbasara njirimara na mkpa niile nke iwu Faraday.

Isi atụmatụ

E nwere ụdị ike dị iche iche na-ebo ebubo ahụmịhe mmegharị n'ime mpaghara ndọta. Ike nke waya na-agafe iyi bụ ihe atụ doro anya nke iwu Faraday. N'okwu a, ike nke sitere na waya nke eletrik na-agafe gafere bụ n'ihi electrons nke na-agbagharị ma ọ bụ na ọnụnọ nke ndọta. Usoro a na-emekwa n'ụzọ ọzọ. Anyị nwere ike ibugharị waya site na magnetik ma ọ bụ gbanwee ịdị ukwuu nke magnetik na oge ọ nwere ike ibute ihe dị ugbu a.

Iwu kachasị mkpa inwe ike ịkọwapụta ihe ndọta bụ iwu Faraday. Onye chọpụtara ya bụ Michael Faraday ma kwupụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndọta magnet na-agbanwe n'oge na oge eletriki eletrik nke emepụtara site na mgbanwe. Ọ bụrụ na anyị agaa na iwu Faraday anyị ga-ahụ na o nwere nkwupụta a:

"Voltaji na-ebute ọkụ na elekere mechiri emechi dabara adaba na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke oge magnet na-agafe n'akụkụ ọ bụla na sekit ahụ n'onwe ya dị ka ọnụ."

Ngosipụta nke iwu Faraday

Anyị ga-egosi ihe iwu Faraday ji atụ. Ka anyị nyochaa nnwale nke Faraday. N'ebe a, anyị nwere batrị nke na-ahụ maka inye ọkụ eletrik na obere eriri igwe. Na ụzọ a nke ọkụ eletrik a na-emepụta magnetik site na ntụgharị nke eriri igwe. N'ime eriri igwe ahụ, e nwere eriri ndị nwere ọnya na ọdụ ya. Mgbe eriri igwe ahụ na-abanye na nke buru ibu, ọ nwere ebe ndọta nke na-emepụta voltaji n'ime eriri igwe. Enwere ike iji galvanometer tụọ volta a.

Site na nnwale a, enwere ike ịhazi iwu Faraday na ọtụtụ nkwubi okwu. Mkpebi niile nke nnwale a metụtara ọgbọ nke ike eletrik ma bụrụ isi ihe na iwu Lenz, nke ejiri maka njikwa ọkụ eletrik kachasị ọhụrụ nke anyị nwere taa.

Ka anyị leba anya ná mkpirikpi akụkọ Michael Faraday nke o ji nwee ike iguzobe iwu a. Anyị maara na ọkà mmụta sayensị a Ọ bụ onye okike nke echiche dị mkpa gbasara ọkụ eletrik na ndọta. Ọ raara ndụ ya nye nyocha na ngalaba sayensị a. Obi tọgburu ya atọgbu mgbe onye dibia bekee nke akpọrọ Oersted nwere ike gosipụta mmekọrịta dị n ’ọkụ eletrik na ndọta. Nke a mere n'afọ 1820. Na nnwale a ọ nwere ike ịchọpụta na waya na-eduzi ugbu a nwere ike ịmegharị agịga nke magnetized kpamkpam na ha nọ n'ime compass.

Faraday nwere ike imepụta otutu ihe. Otu n’ime ha bụ windo a na-agbanye n’ime waya abụọ n’akụkụ mgbaaka ígwè. Iji lelee mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọkụ eletrik na ndọta, ọ gafere ọkụ eletrik site na otu nke solenoids site na mgba ọkụ. Ugbu a mejupụtara nke ọzọ. Faraday kwuru na ọ bụ ngbanwe nke ndọta nke mere n'oge na-adịghị anya site na mgbanwe nke ike eletrik.

N'ihi ya, na ekele nke nnwale a, Michael Faraday nwere ike igosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti magnet na ubi eletrik. Ọtụtụ ozi na-apụta site na ihe a niile ghọrọ akụkụ nke nkwupụta ikpeazụ nke iwu Maxwell.

Daykpụrụ iwu Faraday na ihe atụ

Iji gosi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti magnetik na mpaghara eletrik, a na-atụ aro usoro a.

EMF (Ɛ) = dϕ / dt

Ebe EMF ma ọ bụ Ɛ na-anọchite anya Electromotive Force (voltaji), na dϕ / dt bụ mgbanwe mgbanwe oge nke magnetik flu.

Iwu Faraday na-eme ka ihe ndị dị kwa ụbọchị dị ka oven. Anyị ga-ahụ ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ntinye nke iwu Faraday na ndụ kwa ụbọchị. Anyị maara nke ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkà na ụzụ eletrik niile anyị nwere taa dabeere na iwu Faraday. Karịsịa, ọ dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara ngwa eletriki niile dịka igwe na-enye ọkụ, ndị na-agbanwe ọkụ na igwe eletrik. Ka anyị nye otu ihe atụ: iji nwee ike ịmepụta igwe dị ugbu a, ihe ọmụma dabere dabere na iji diski ọla kọpa nke na-atụgharị na nsọtụ magnet. N'ihi usoro ntụgharị a, enwere ike ịmepụta ihe dị ugbu a.

Site na ụkpụrụ a niile mepụtara ihe dị mgbagwoju anya dị ka onye na-agbanwe ọkụ, onye na-agbanwe ọkụ ugbu a, breeki magnetic ma ọ bụ stovu eletrik.

Njikọ n'etiti ntinye na ike ndọta

Anyị maara na usoro iwu nke Faraday siri ike. Inwe ike ịmata echiche nghọta nke njikọ na e nwere na magnetik ike na a ebubo urughuru bụ nnọọ mfe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụgwọ nke waya na-agagharị. Anyị ga-agba mbọ ịkọwa njikọ dị n’etiti ọkụ eletrik na ike ndọta. Anyị na-atụle elektrọn nke nweere onwe ịkwaga n'ime waya. Ọzọ, anyị na-etinye waya ahụ na ndọta magnet ma na-ebugharị ya na ntụziaka n'akụkụ aka ya na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ dị mkpa na ngagharị nke a na-agba ọsọ mgbe niile.

Ederede abụọ nke waya ahụ ga-ejikọ na-akpụ gburugburu. Ekele maka ijikọ na n'ụzọ dị otú a anyị na-ekwe nkwa na ọrụ niile emere iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik na waya ga-agbasasị dị ka okpomọkụ na nkwụsi ike nke waya. Ugbu a, ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ejiri ọsọ na-adọ adọ waya site na ndọta. Ka anyị na-adọta waya anyị ga-etinyerịrị ike ka ikuku ndọta mgbe niile agaghị enwe ike ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. Otú ọ dị, ịnwere ike ịgbanwe nduzi nke ike ahụ. Akụkụ nke ike anyị na-etinye na-ebutegharị, na-akpata ike electromotive na eletrọn ahụ gafere site na waya. Ọ bụ ngbanwe a na-eme ka ike eletrik pụta.

Enwere m olileanya na site na ozi a ị nwere ike ịmụtakwu gbasara iwu Faraday na njirimara ya.