Njirimara nke bismuth

A na-ewere Bismuth dị ka otu n'ime ọla ndị kachasị na mbara ụwa, ọ bụ mmewere dị n'ìgwè 15 nke tebụl oge, nke nwere akara kemikal Bi, nọmba atomiki 83 na nọmba atomiki nke uka 208.9804. N'ihi agba nke mmewere a, okwu bismuth sitere na okwu German "bisemutum", nke putara "ihe ocha". Nke Njirimara nke bismuth Ha dị iche iche ma nwee ihe eji eme ihe dị iche iche kwesịrị ịmara.

Ya mere, anyị ga-enyefe akụkọ a iji gwa gị njirimara, akụkọ ihe mere eme, mmalite na ihe onwunwe nke bismuth.

Ụfọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ọ mejupụtara 0,00002% nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, dị nnọọ ụkọ na yiri nnọọ ọlaọcha. Ọ nwere ike ịdị na nhazi nke ịnweta na steeti ọla dị ọcha. O nwere ebe mgbaze nke 271 Celsius C, njupụta nke 9800 kg/m³, na ebe esi 1560 Celsius.

A na-enwe mgbagwoju anya na mbụ na lead na tin n'ihi na ha na-ekerịta ihe ndị yiri ya, mana ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-agbalị igosi ọdịiche ha.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọla iri mbụ achọpụtara, ọ bụghịkwa onye ọ bụla ka a na-achọpụta ya, ebe ọ bụ na a mara ya kemgbe oge ochie. N'ihi myirịta ya, e nwere mgbagwoju anya na mbụ na lead na tin. N'ịdabere nleba anya nke ọma banyere ihe anụ ahụ nke ọla a, onye nchọpụta bụ Georgius Agricola, karịsịa na 1546. ọ chọpụtara na bismuth bụ ọla pụrụ iche n'ezinụlọ ọla ndị nwere tin na led.

N'oge ochie, ụfọdụ ndị na-egwuputa ihe na-akpọ bismuth "tectum argenti," nke pụtara "ọlaọcha na-eme," na-ezo aka na ọlaọcha nke a ga-achọta n'ime Ụwa n'oge e guzobere ya.

Na 1738, ndị nchọpụta na-amasị Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Johann Heinrich Pott, na Torbern Olof Bergman mere ka bismuth dị iche na ndu.; ma ọ bụ na 1753 ka Claude François Geoffrey gosipụtara na bismuth ọla dị nnọọ iche na tin na lead.

Ndị Incas jikwa tin na ọla kọpa mee ihe a, bụ́ ebe ha na-emepụta ihe e ji ọla kọpa mee mma.

Njirimara nke bismuth

Ọ bụ kristal na-acha ntụ ntụ, na-egbuke egbuke, siri ike na kenkuwa. Bismuth na-agbasawanye ka ọ na-esiwanye ike ma ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ọla ole na ole na-enweta mmeghachi omume a. Ọzọkwa, ígwè a nwere obere okpomọkụ okpomọkụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè ọ bụla ọzọ ma e wezụga mercury.

Bismuth adịghị adịte aka mgbe ekpughere ya n'ikuku kpọrọ nkụ n'ime ụlọ, mana ọ na-adị ntakịrị ma ọ bụrụ na ekpughere ya na mmiri. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na a kpughee okpomọkụ n'elu ebe mgbaze ya, ọ ga-eme ngwa ngwa etolite oyi akwa oxide, nke ga-ere ọkụ na oxide odo mgbe ọ na-acha uhie uhie.

Enwere ike ijikọ ọla a ozugbo na halogens, sọlfọ, tellurium na selenium, mana ọ bụghị site na phosphorus na nitrogen. Mmiri carbonated na okpomọkụ nkịtị agaghị ebuso ya agha, mana uzuoku mmiri ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ na-acha ọbara ọbara.

N'ozuzu, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ngwakọta ya niile bụ trivalent, ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọ nwere ike ịbụ monovalent ma ọ bụ pentavalent. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na sodium bismuth na bismuth pentafluoride dị ezigbo mkpa ogige Bi (V) n'ihi na nke mbụ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ike, ebe nke ikpeazụ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nke ọma maka ogige organic.

Njirimara nke bismuth n'ihe gbasara mmụọ

A maara nkume Bismuth maka ikike ha nyere aka rụọ ọrụ Kundalini ume, nkume ndị a na-agbanwekwa ike na chakra okpueze, na-eziga ya na chakra mgbọrọgwụ.

Mgbe etinyere ya na chakra okpueze, ọ na-enyere aka inweta mkpebi ka mma, ihe ọmụma na ibu ụzọ.

• Ị nwere ike ime ka ndị otu otu dị n'otu.
• Ha nwere ihe bara uru ma na-akpali akpali maka ahụ.
• Ha na-enye aka nke ukwuu n'inyere aka ịmara na nkume ịma jijiji dị elu.
• Na-enyere aka ịmepụta njikọ miri emi na uche zuru ụwa ọnụ na ihe niile.
• Ha na-enyere gị aka ịgbanwe mgbe ịnọ naanị gị, kewapụrụ onwe gị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ.
• Ọ na-adọta mma vibes mgbe ọ na-abịa ego.
• Na ịkụ nzọ na ịgba chaa chaa ọ na-eweta chi ọma.
• Ọ nwere ike inyere ndị mmadụ aka iche echiche ndị na-ewuli elu na nke oge ochie.

Na-eji

• A na-eji Bismuth eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achọkarị iji ihe a eme ihe, maka mmepụta ọgwụ mgbochi afọ ọsịsa na ngwaahịa kemịkalụ maka ọgwụgwọ anya na nje nje, allergies, flatulence, syphilis, flu, wdg.
• Ngalaba mmepụta ihe na-ejikwa bismuth eme pigmenti ịchọ mma dịka ntutu isi, ntu polishes na anya onyinyo.
• N'ime ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical, ihe a bara uru maka ịme alloys nwere ihe mgbaze dị ala, nke a na-eji dị ka ngwaọrụ nkwụsị na usoro nchebe na ihe ọkụ ọkụ.
• Bismuth bụ ezigbo ihe ngbanwe maka ndu, nke na-egbu egbu, na n'ihi ịdị nso ya, a na-eji ya eme ballasts, ballistic projectiles, wdg.
• A na-eji Bismuth eme ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi latex na, n'ihi uru atomic bara uru na njupụta dị elu, dị ka nchebe megide ụzarị X na ụfọdụ nyocha nyocha ahụike dịka tomography.
• Enwere ụgbọ ala nwere sistemu thermocouple maka ibu mmanụ ọkụ maka ndị na-ebugharị nuklia U-235 na U-233, a na-ejikwa bismuth na sistemu ndị a.
• Ngwakọta bismuth na manganese na-emepụta bisphenols, nke a na-eji eme ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ukwuu.
• A na-eji Bismuth oxychloride na-emepụta pearl arụ ọrụ.
• Mgbe achọrọ X-ray nke sistemu mgbari nri, a na-enye ndị ọrịa nitrate bismuth nitrate n'ụdị nkwusioru n'ihi na ihe mejupụtara ya adịghị adịkarị na X-ray.

Mmalite na nguzobe

bismuth A na-ahụkarị ya na dendritic clumps yana na veins hydrothermal oke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nkwụnye ego pegmatite. Ọ na-abụkarị granular ma ọ bụ akpịrịkpa, mana ọ nwekwara fibrous ma ọ bụ agịga.

A na-ewere China dị ka onye na-emepụta bismuth kasị ukwuu n'ụwa nke nwere kpọmkwem metric tọn 7.200, okpukpu asatọ karịa ndị niile na-emepụta ihe jikọtara ọnụ, ha bụ: Mexico 825 metric ton, Russia 40 metric ton, Canada 35 metric ton, na Bolivia metric ton 10. N'otu aka ahụ, e kwuwo na a na-ahụ ihe nkwụnye ego bismuth bụ isi na nke kachasị na South America.

Ebe ndị ọzọ enwere ike ịhụ bismuth bụ: Germany, United States, Spain, United Kingdom na Australia.

Enwere m olileanya na site na ozi a, ị nwere ike ịmụtakwu banyere njirimara nke bismuth na njirimara ya.