N'ezie, ị ga-amụ banyere bayoloji otu n'ime usoro mgbanwe metabolism nke iku ume cellular nke na-eme n'ime ahụ anyị. Ọ gbasara Krebs okirikiri. A makwaara ya site na aha nke citric acid okirikiri na ọ bụ usoro metabolism nke na-apụta na matrik mitochondrial nke sel anụmanụ.
N'isiokwu a anyị ga-agwa gị ihe njirimara ya bụ na anyị ga-akọwa usoro Krebs site na nkwụsị na mkpa ya.
Iku ume Cellular
Tupu ịmalite ịkọwa ihe okirikiri Krebs bụ, anyị ga-echeta na iku ume cellular nwere ụzọ atọ. Ka anyị lee nke ọ bụla n'ime usoro:
- Ọrịa glycolysis- Nke a bụ usoro a na - esi agbari glucose n'ime obere akụkụ. N'ime usoro a pyruvate ma ọ bụ pyruvic acid guzobere nke ga - eduga Acetyl-CoA.
- Krebs okirikiri: Na okirikiri Krebs, Acetyl-CoA na-ekpo ọkụ na CO2.
- Akụkụ okuku ume na yinye: ebe a otutu ume n’emeputa site na inye ndi electrons na hydrogen. Ike a na - ebilite site na mkpochapu ihe ndị na - esonye na usoro niile gara aga.
Gịnị bụ Krebs okirikiri
Anyị maara na ọ bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya na ọ nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na-enyere mkpụrụ ndụ aka. E wezụga usoro a, mkpụrụ ndụ apụghị inwe ma ọ bụ rụzuo ọrụ ndị dị mkpa. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ nke usoro Krebs bụ iji kwalite mmebi nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke metabolism nke carbohydrates, lipids na ụfọdụ amino acid. Ihe niile ndị a na-etinye n'ime ahụ site na nri na-agbanwe n'ime Acetyl-CoA na ntọhapụ nke CO2 na H2O na njikọ nke ATP.
Nke a bụ ebe ike nke sel ga - eji rụọ ọrụ ha na - arụ. N'etiti usoro dị iche iche nke ikuku citric anyị na-ahụ dị iche iche dị n'etiti ndị a na-eji mee ihe dị na biosynthesis nke amino acid na ndị ọzọ biomolecules. Site na okirikiri Krebs anyị na-enweta ume site na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n’ime ahịhịa ma na-agafere ya na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-anọgide na-ebupụ ike iji mee ihe na cellular. Iji ike a anyị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa anyị na mmega ahụ anyị kwa ụbọchị.
N'ime okirikiri Krebs enwere ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume kemikal oxidative. All ndị a Jeremaya mere chọrọ oxygen na-ewere ọnọdụ. Ihe omimi nke ọ bụla nwere nsonye nke ụfọdụ enzymes dị na mitochondria. Enzymes ndị a bụ maka ịkpali mmeghachi omume. Mgbe anyị na-ekwu maka ịkpalite mmeghachi omume, anyị na-ekwu maka ịbawanye ọsọ ya. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mmegharị nke na-enyere mmeghachi omume kemịkal aka ngwa ngwa karịa ka ọ dị.
Nzọụkwụ nke okirikiri Krebs
Dịka anyị kwuburu na mbụ, na okirikiri a enwere mmetụta kemịkal dị iche iche chọrọ ikuku oxygen. Mmeghachi omume mbụ nke ihe niile bụ decarboxylation oxidative nke pyruvate. Na mmeghachi omume a, shuga a na-enweta site na mmebi nke hydrates nkwọcha na-agbanwe ghọọ mkpụrụ ndụ abụọ nke pyruvic acid ma ọ bụ pyruvate. Glucose na-emebi emebi site na Glycolysis ma ghọọ isi iyi dị mkpa nke Acetyl-CoA. Oxidative decarboxylation nke pyruvate-amalite site na citric acid okirikiri. Omume kemịkal a kwekọrọ na mkpochapụ carbon dioxide na pyruvate nke emepụtara na ngalaba acetyl nke na-ejikọta coenzyme A. Na mmeghachi omume kemịkal a, a na-emepụta NADH dị ka molekul na-ebu ike.
Site na nguzobe nke acetyl-CoA, okirikiri Krebs na-amalite na matrik nke mitochondria. Ebumnuche bụ ijikọta ihe nkedo nke ikuku na-eme ka oxidized na carbons ma gbanwee ha n'ime carbon dioxide. Maka mmeghachi omume kemịkal ndị a niile, ịchọrọ ikuku oxygen. Ya mere, usoro iku ume cellular dị ezigbo mkpa.
The Krebs okirikiri amalite na enzyme citrate synthetase nke na-eje ozi iji kpalite mmeghachi omume nke mmiri nke mbufe nke Acetyl na oxaloacetic acid nke na-etolite acid citric na ntọhapụ nke coenzyme A. Aha nke okirikiri ahụ metụtara nhazi nke acid. citrus na mmeghachi omume mmiri ọgwụ niile na-ewere ebe a.
Ọxịdashọn na mmeghachi omume decarboxylation na-eme na usoro ndị a. Mmeghachi omume ndị a na-eme ketoglutaric acid ka o mepụta. N'oge a na-eme ya, a na-ewepụta carbon dioxide ma hazie NADH na H. Mmiri ketoglutaric a na-enweta mmeghachi omume nke decarboxylation na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ngwakọta enzyme nke Acetyl CoA na NAD so. Omume ndị a niile ga - eduga na succinic acid, NADH, na molekul GTP nke mechara ọ ga-enyefe ike ya na igwe ADP nke na-emepụta ATP.
Naanị site na c usoro ikpeazụ anyị ga-ahụ na succinic acid ga-ekpochapụ fumaric acid makwaara dị ka fumarate. Coenzyme ya bụ ADF. Lee FADH2 ga - etolite, nke bụ ihe ọzọ na - ebu ume. N'ikpeazụ, fumaric acid adịghị mma inwe ike ịmịpụta malic acid makwaara dị ka malate. N'ikpeazụ n'ime usoro Krebs, malic acid ga-eme ka oxidized ghọọ oxaloacetic acid, ha amalitegharịrị usoro ahụ. Ọzọkwa mmeghachi omume niile ga-ewere ọnọdụ n'otu oge ọ na-amalite ọzọ.
Mkpa
E nwere ọtụtụ nde arụmụka ịmara na okirikiri Krebs dị ezigbo mkpa maka nhazi akwara na ịrụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ahụ. Maka usoro a iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, e nwere nri ise dị mkpa nke ahụ anyị kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ígwè, na glutamine. Ihe ndị a bụ amino acid nke eji maka ịkpụzi anụ ahụ ọhụrụ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịmara otu okirikiri a si arụ ọrụ iji mesie ezigbo nri ike iji nwekwuo arụmọrụ na akwara.
Ọ dịkwa mma ịmara okirikiri Krebs iji zere ọtụtụ ọrịa n'ihi ike ma ọ bụ enweghị nri na ahụ anyị. Dịka ị pụrụ ịhụ, mmeghachi omume kemịkal ndị a niile na-eme n'otu oge n'ime ahụ iji hụ na arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị.
Enwere m olileanya na site na ozi a ị nwere ike ịmụtakwu banyere okirikiri Krebs na mkpa ọ dị.