Mba anyị nwere nnukwu mmiri ọkụ, nke mepụtara n'oge ihe karịrị 100 afọ. Site na nke a, ugbu a, e nwere nnukwu usoro usoro usoro hydroelectric na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
N'ime ike ndị emere ka ọ dị ọhụrụ na-erigbu na Spain, ndị hydroelectric ike Ọ bụ teknụzụ ejikọtara ọnụ na tozuru oke n'ihi ekele nke iji okwu okwu na ịdị adị nke ọtụtụ dams.
Ike hydroelectric
Enwere uzo abuo abuo maka nrigbu hydroelectric: nke mbu, osisi mmiri nke na - ejide otu ihe na - agagharị na mmiri ma na - eduga ya na osisi ka ọ bụrụ turbine ma mechaa ha laghachiri n’osimiri.
Dịka, ha na-eji usoro ike dị ala (nke na-erughị 5 MW) ma bụrụ 75% nke ahịa ahụ. Ha gụnyere "ọwa mmiri etiti mmiri", nke na-eji enweghị mmiri na mmiri mmiri iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik.
Ogwe osisi mmiri mmiri bụ ndị ahụ, site na iwu nke mmiri mgbochi ma ọ bụ iji nke dị adị, nwere ike ịhazi usoro ahụ. Ha na-enwekarị ọkwa nke ike karịrị 5 MW ma ha na-anọchite anya 20% nke ahịa na Spain. N'ime ndị a bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agbapụta ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, osisi ndị, na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta ume (ọnọdụ turbine), nwere ikike ibute mmiri na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri site na iji ike eletrik (ọnọdụ mgbapụta).
Na nchikota, na Spain enwere ikike zuru oke nke 55.000 hm3, nke 40% nke ikike ahụ kwekọrọ ọdọ mmiri hydroelectric, otu nke kachasị elu na Europe na ụwa.
Ibelata
Kemgbe ụwa, mmalite nke ike hydroelectric na Spain na-eto eto, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ hụla nnukwu mmụba na onyinye ya na ngụkọta mmepụta ọkụ, ebe ọ bụ na e webatara ike ndị ọzọ nwere ike imegharị na ngwakọta ike.
Agbanyeghị, ọ ka na-abụ otu n'ime nrụpụta na-arụpụta ihe na ike ikuku. Ike hydroelectric nwere ikike arụnyere na obodo anyị dị 17.792 MW, nke a na-anọchite anya 19,5% nke ngụkọta, naanị ike karịrị gas jikọtara cycles na, na ngụkọta nke 27.200 MW, bụ nkà na ụzụ mbụ site na ike arụnyere (24,8% nke ngụkọta), n'ụzọ megidere, ike ikuku, nwere 23.002 MW nke ike (22,3%).
Na 2014, onyinye nke ike hydroelectric na mmepụta ọkụ eletrik nke mba ahụ nọchiri anya 15,5%, yana ngụkọta nke 35.860 GWh, ọnụ ọgụgụ a gosipụtara ịrị elu nke 5,6% karịa afọ gara aga. N'agbanyeghị ihe ọma omume hydroelectric, bụ teknụzụ nke anọ na mmepụta, n'azụ nuklia (22%), ikuku (20,3% 9 na coal (16,5%).
N'ọdịnihu dị nso, a na-atụ anya na teknụzụ a ga-aga n'ihu na-eto eto kwa afọ site na 40 ruo 60 MW, ebe ikike hydroelectric nwere ike ịbụ na-adigide akụ na ụba, karịrị 1 GW.
Catalonia, Galicia na Castilla y León bụ obodo kwụụrụ onwe ya nwere ndị kachasị elu arụnyere ike na mpaghara hydroelectric, ebe ha bụ mpaghara nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri na Spain
Nkà na ụzụ
Nzọụkwụ site na mmepe, mmepe teknụzụ emeela ka ike hydraulic dị obere nwere ọnụ ahịa asọmpi n'ime ahịa ọkụ eletrik, ọ bụ ezie na ndị a dịgasị iche iche osisi typology na ihe a ga-eme. A na-ahụta ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ dịka mini-hydro ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nwere ikike awụnyere na ihe na-erughị 10 MW ma nwee ike ịsọ mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri guzo ọtọ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-emepụta microturbines hydraulic na ike dị ala karịa ndị ahụ Ike nke 10 kW, ndị a bara ezigbo uru iji ikike nke osimiri na-ebupụta ọkụ eletrik ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ. Igwe tobaiti ahụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik ozugbo na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ chọghị mmiri mmiri na-ada, mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ụgwọ mmezi dị elu.
Taa, mmepe nke mpaghara Spanish hydroelectric bụ iji nweta arụmọrụ ka ukwuu, iji melite arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a. Amụma na-eduzi na ghara ịgbanwe, imeziwanye ihe, mmeziwanye ma ọ bụ mmeba nke osisi etinyegoro.
Spain ugbu a nwere ihe ọkụkụ hydroelectric 800, nwere oke nha dịgasị iche. Enwere osisi 20 karịa 200 MW, nke na-anọchite anya 50% nke ike hydroelectric niile. Na akụkụ nke ọzọ, enwere Ọtụtụ obere dams nwere ike na-erughị 20 MW, kesaa na Spain niile.
Bụrụ onye mbụ ịza ajụjụ