Ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu hou, ʻoi aku ka hakahaka o ka mākeke kūwaho. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano ikehu hou (manaʻo wau ua ʻike mākou āpau), akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i nā mea hou, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā kumuwaiwai 'kaulana' hou, e like me ka ikehu lā a me ka ikehu, a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻike liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia e like me ka ikehu geothermal. ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe he nui pehea e hana ai ka ikehu geothermal.
No laila, e hoʻolaʻa mākou i kēia ʻatikala e haʻi iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau āu e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu geothermal a me ke ʻano nui o ia.
ʻO
Ikehu Geothermal
Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana pehea e holo ai ka ikehu geothermal, pono mākou e ʻike he aha ia. ʻO ka ikehu Geothermal kahi kumu ikehu hou e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wela i kū i ka honua ma lalo o ka honua. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ia i ka wela mai nā papa o loko o ka honua a hoʻoulu i ka ikehu me ia. Hoʻohana pinepine ka ikehu hou i nā mea kūwaho e like me ka wai, ka ea, a me ka lā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ikehu geothermal wale nō ke kumu ikehu i kūʻokoʻa mai kēia kūwaho kūwaho.
Aia kahi gradient wela i loko o ka lepo kahi mākou e hehi ai. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokokoke a kokoke loa ka mahana o ka honua i ke kumu o ka honua ke iho mākou i lalo. He ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka hohonu o ke kani a nā kānaka e hiki ai ke piʻi ma mua o 12 km, akā maopopo iā mākou e hoʻonui ka wela o ka mahana i ka mahana o ka lepo e 2 ° C i ka 4 ° C i kēlā me kēia 100 mika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pali o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka honua, no ka mea, thins ka ʻāpapa i kēia kiko. No laila, ʻo ka papa o loko o ka honua (e like me ka ʻahu ʻoi loa) kokoke i ka ʻili o ka honua a hāʻawi i ka wela hou aʻe.
Pehea e hana ai ka ikehu Geothermal: Extraction
E helu ana mākou i nā kumuwaiwai wehe e hoʻomaopopo pono ai i ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu geothermal.
Nā waihona wai Geothermal
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā gradient thermal i kekahi mau wahi o ka honua ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i ka pono o ka ikehu a me ka hanauna mana ma o ka wela o ka honua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana o ka ikehu geothermal ma mua o ka ikehu lā (60 mW / m² no ka ikehu wela me 340 mW / m² no ka ikehu lā). Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka wela i ʻōlelo ʻia (i kapa ʻia he reservoir geothermal), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki i ka hanauna mana (a i 200 mW / m²). Hoʻokumu kēia mea hana ikehu nui i ka hōʻuluʻulu wela i loko o ka aquifer, i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana.
No ka huki ʻana i ka ikehu mai nā waihona wai geothermal, pono e mālama mua ʻia kahi noiʻi mākeke hiki ke hiki, no ka mea, hoʻonui nui ʻia nā kumukūʻai ʻeli a me ka hohonu. ʻO ia, i ka wā e hohonu ai mākou, hoʻonui ka hoʻoikaika e huki i ka wela i ka papa. Ma waena o nā ʻano o nā waihona geological, ua loaʻa iā mākou ʻekolu mau ʻano: ka wai wela, nā minelala maloʻo a me nā geysers.
Nā waihona wai wela
ʻElua ʻano o nā waihona wai wela: wai kumu a me ka wai wai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ma mua me ka ʻauʻau wela ma ka hoʻohuihui ʻana iā lākou me ka wai anuanu e hiki ai ke ʻauʻau i loko, akā he pilikia ko ka mea mua o kona kahe haʻahaʻa. Ma ka lima 'ē aʻe, iā mākou nā aquifers lalo, ʻo ia nā waihona wai me nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka hohonu hohonu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano wai e huki ai i kou wela o loko. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopuni i ka wai wela ma o ka pauma e hoʻohana ai i kona wela.
ʻO kahi waiho maloʻo kahi kahi e maloʻo ai ka pōhaku a wela loa. I kēia ʻano waihona iʻaʻohe wai e halihali i ka ikehu geothermal a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o nā mea permeable. Na ka poʻe loea i hoʻolauna i kēia ʻano ʻano e hoʻolilo i ka wela. Loaʻa i kēia mau māla ka hana haʻahaʻa a me nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o kēia ʻano kahua ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻenehana a me nā pono hana no kēia hana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokele waiwai, no laila pono e hoʻomohala a hoʻomaikaʻi.
Waihona Geyser
ʻO kahi geyser kahi wai wela e hoʻopuka kūlohelohe i kahi kolamu o ka mahu a me ka wai wela. Kakaikahi ma kēia Honua. Ma muli o ka makaʻala o nā geysers, pono e hoʻohana i nā geysers i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe a akahele hoʻi i mea e hōʻemi ʻole ai i kā lākou hana hana. E huki ai i ka wela mai ka sediment geyser, pono e hoʻohana pono ʻia ka wela e ka turbine e loaʻa ai ka ikaika mechanical.
ʻO ka pilikia me kēia unuhi ʻana, ʻo ke kau hou ʻana o ka wai i nā mahana haʻahaʻa e hoʻalili i ka magma a hoʻopau iā ia. Nānā ʻia nō hoʻi ke kaomi ʻana o ka wai anuanu a me ke anuanu o ka magma i nā ʻōlaʻi liʻiliʻi a pinepine hoʻi.
Pehea e hana ai ka ikehu Geothermal: Mea kanu mana Geothermal
I ʻike pehea e hana ai ka ikehu geothermal pono mākou e hele i nā mea kanu mana wela. ʻO lākou nā wahi kahi e hoʻokumu ʻia ai kēia ʻano ikehu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana o kahi mea kanu mana honua ma muli o kahi hana paʻakikī e hana nei ʻōnaehana kanu-kahua. ʻO ia, huki ʻia ka ikehu mai loko o ka Honua a lawe ʻia i ka mea kanu kahi e hana ai ka uila.
ʻO ka gradient geothermal o ka māla geothermal kahi āu e hana ai ma mua o ka honua maʻamau. ʻO ia hoʻi, piʻi aʻe ka mahana i ka hohonu. ʻO kēia wahi me ka gradient geothermal ʻoi aku ka nui ma muli o ke kū ʻana o kahi aquifer i kaupalena ʻia e ka wai wela, a mālama ʻia a kāohi ʻia ka aquifer e kahi papa impermeable e kaupalena ana i nā wela a me nā kaomi. ʻO kēia kahi i kapa ʻia he wai wai wai wai, kahi e huki ʻia ai ka wela e hana i ka uila.
ʻO nā luawai luakaha geothermal e pili ana i nā mea kanu uila aia i loko o kēia mau wahi wela. Lawe ʻia ka māhu ma o kahi pūnaewele o nā paipu a kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hale hana kahi i hoʻohuli ʻia ka ikehu wela o ka mahu i ka ikehu mīkini a laila i ka ikehu uila. Ke loaʻa iā mākou ka ikehu uila, pono mākou e lawe iā ia i kahi o ka hoʻohana.
Lana koʻu manaʻo me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu geothermal.